power system protection seminar topic

1. DEPARTMENT OF ELETRICAL ENGINEERING
IGIT SARANG
POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
Under the guidance of
Asst. Prof. Aditya Kumar Pati
Asst. Prof. Binay Kumar Nayak
Submitted by:
CHANDANA MALLIK
Roll no: 32269
Registration no: 1421105031

2. • Introduction
• Components
• Protective Devices
• Types of Protection
• Coordination
• Performance Measures

3. • Power-system protection is a branch of electrical
power engineering that deals with the protection of
electrical power systems from faults through the
isolation of faulted parts from the rest of the
electrical network.

4. Protection systems usually comprise five
components:
• Current and voltage transformers
• Protective relays
• Circuit breakers
• Batteries
• Fuses

5. • Current & Voltage Transformer: Current &
Voltage Transformer to step down the high voltages
and currents of the electrical power system to
convenient levels for the relay.
Current Transformer Voltage Transformer

6. • Protective Relays to sense the fault and initiate a
trip, or disconnection.
• Circuit Breakers to open/close the system based on
relay and auto reclose commands.
Protective Relay Circuit Breakers

7. • Batteries to provide power in case of power
disconnection in the system.
• Fuses for parts of a distribution system, fuses are
capable of both sensing and disconnecting faults
Batteries Fuses

8. CTs
VTs
Relay
CB
Control
Protected
Equipment

9. Functionality:
• Automatic operation, such as auto-re-closing or
system restart
• Monitoring equipment which collects data on the
system for post event analysis.

10. There are three parts of protective devices:
• Instrument transformer
• Relay
• Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker Relay Inst Transformer

11. There are several types of protection:
• Over Load
• High Voltage Transmission
• Earth Fault
• Back-Up

12. • Overload: Overload protection requires a current
transformer which simply measures the current in a
circuit.
• High Voltage Transmission:
(Protection on the transmission and distribution
serves two functions)
At a basic level, protection looks to disconnect
equipment which experience an overload or a short to
earth.

13. • Earth Fault: Earth fault protection requires current
transformers and senses an imbalance in a three-
phase circuit
• Back-Up: The objective of protection is to remove
only the affected portion of plant and nothing else

14. Major advantages of protective devices are:
• Safety
• Economy
• Accuracy

15. We can measure a protection systems performance
with following:
• Reliability
• Selectivity
• Speed
• Economy
• Simplicity

16. • Protective device coordination is the process of
determining the "best fit" timing of current
interruption when abnormal electrical conditions
occur. The goal is to minimize an outage to the
greatest extent possible.

17. References
• A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. "TECHNICAL
CHALLENGES ON Power system protection " (DECEMBER
2008)
http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2008
/jeas_1208_146.pdf
• S. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta,
J.N. Rossb, K. Steemersc, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. " Power system
protection " (September 2004)
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11276/1/ Power system
protection .pdf
• John Stevens. "Characterization of Power system protection in
the United States", Sandia National Laboratories (January
2005)