Word & its types Sentence & types Parts of speech Verb - its types

1. English Grammar
made easy
Prepared by
Chandra shekar Pendoti
PGT in English
Poet & Author
Youtube: chandrashekarspokenenglishclasses.
chanduenglish.blogspot.com
Fb page: Chandu English
Page 1 of 26

2. Grammar Topics
•Word & its types
•Sentence and its types
•Parts of Speech in brief
•Verb - its types & forms
Page 2 of 26

3. WORD
• Word: Group of letters that gives a certain
meaning.
• Types of word
• 1. Simple/Primary Words eg:- pen,car ,van....
• 2. Compound/Secondary Word
• eg: pen stand, post master, college student
Page 3 of 26

4. Sentence
• Sentence is a group of words which gives complete
meaning and it has a subject and a verb.
• Eg: Rishi plays chess well.
• Prathyusha speaks English fluently.
• He does not complete his work.
• Bird flies in the sky.
• I am reading a novel.
Page 4 of 26

5. Types of Sentence
• There are four types of sentence
• 1. Assertive/Affirmative/Declarative sentence(.)
• 2. Interrogative Sentence(?)
• 3. Imperative Sentence(.)
• 4. Exclamatory Sentence(!)
Page 5 of 26

6. 1.Assertive Sentence
• It is a statement and also called full stop sentence.
• It starts with subject and ends with full stop(.)
• Positive and negative sentences can be written.
• Eg: Allu Arjun dances well.
• Balaiah does not dance well.
• He is writing a short story.
Page 6 of 26

7. Interrogative Sentence(?)
Asking Questions
• A. Informative Question
• It starts with wh-word &
ends with question mark(?)
• Wh-words are what , who,
where, why, whose, when,
how, whom....
• Eg. Why do you come here?
• Where did you go yesterday?
• B. Yes/No type Question
• It starts with helping
verb(auxiliary) and ends with
question mark(?)
• Helping verbs :am , is, are, was ,
were ,do , does, did , have , has ,
had, shall , will , can,.....
• Eg: Can you lift this box ?
• Am I a student ?
• Will you meet me
tomorrow ?
Page 7 of 26

8. Imperative Sentence
• Commands /orders
• Requests
• Suggestions
• Positive: V1+ ...... Eg: Come in. , Get up.
• Negative: Don’t+ V1+....... Eg: Don’t go there.
• Don’t stand there.
• Request: Please+ V1+....Please+don’t+V1+.....
• Eg: Please do it fast.
• Please don’t write it.
• Note: the subject YOU is hidden in this sentence.
Page 8 of 26

9. 4. Exclamatory Sentence
• It starts with what/how and ends with exclamation
mark(!)
• Eg: What a stunning monument it is !
• How tall the tree is !
• What a nice idea it is !
• Exercise: Write a few sentences and write it against
what type of sentence it is.
Page 9 of 26

10. Parts of Speech
• They are 8 Parts of Speech in number:
• 1. Noun
• 2. Pronoun
• 3. Verb
• 4. Adjective
• 5. Adverb
• 6. Preposition
• 7. Conjunction
• 8. Interjection
Page 10 of 26

11. NOUN
• All names are noun
• It denotes the name of a person, place or thing.
• Eg: river, table, day, desk .......
Countable nouns can be countable: pen-pens, book-books, tooth-
teeth.
Uncountable nouns can’t be counted & no plural
Eg: sugar, rice ,sand, water
to be continued....
Page 11 of 26

12. Types of Noun
• Common Noun
• Eg: man , woman, student , fish ,
language......
• Common nouns based on meaning
are classified into four categories:
• Concrete Noun: student, room,
plant...
• Abstract Noun: taste , beauty ,
divinity ,....
• Material Noun: gold , silver , iron ,...
• Collective Noun: herd , police ,
crowd , ....
• Proper Noun
• Eg: Chandu , Nizamabad,
March , Sunday , India.....
• Note: A noun can function as a
subject , an object , a
complement .
• A singular noun is usually
preced by an article or an
adjective.
Page 12 of 26

13. 2. Pronoun
• A pronoun is a word which is used in place of
noun.
• Eg. Read this book. It is very useful.
• Prathyusha is clever and also she is pretty.
• Rishi went to Delhi. He attended an interview.
• ( I , we , you , he, she , it , they , me , us , him , her
, them .......)
Page 13 of 26

14. Personal Pronouns
• Subject Object
• I me
• We us
• You you
• He him
• She her
• It it
• They them
• Possessive Reflective
• my mine myself
• our ours ourselves
• your yours yourself
• yourselves
• his his himself
• her hers herself
• its itself
their theirs themselves
Page 14 of 26

15. 3. Verb
A verb is a word that describes an action, a state ,
possession , a process or an experience.
Eg: He is reading a novel.
She has a car.
Prathyusha is a doctor.
Page 15 of 26

16. 4. Adjective
• An adjective is a word that adds to the meaning of a
noun pronoun.
• Eg: Rishi is a good boy. ( what kind of a boy)
• She has won several prizes( how many prizes?)
• That car is mine. (which car?)
• Note: all numbers, colours, qualities , quantities are
adjectives.
Page 16 of 26

17. 5. Adverb
• An adverb is a word that modifies a verb , an
adjective or another adverb.
• Eg: He writes neatly(adverb)
• She is very ( adv) beautiful.
• They sang a song very (adv) melodiously.
Page 17 of 26

18. Kinds of adverb
• Adverb time/frequency/duration ( when, how long ,how often)
• Eg: He came here yesterday.(when)
Adverb of place ( where)
• Eg: Come here.
Go there.
Adverb of manner( How)
Eg: She writes neatly.
Adverb of frequency (to what extent)
Eg: It is very neat.
Page 18 of 26

19. 6. Preposition
• A preposition is a placed before a noun or pronoun to show its relation to
another word.
Eg: The duster is on the table.
Prepositions which indicate time: by, at, on , after, before , for , since , until...
Prepositions which indicate place/direction: by, in , on , out , to , from , up,
within , beside , between....
Phrasal prepositions: due to , owing to, on account of , because of , according
to , in spite of , ...
Possessive Preposition: of ( The climate of Kashmir is pleasant)
Miscellaneous Preposition: besides, among , above ,below , under , over ,
behind , with .....
Page 19 of 26

20. 7. Conjunction
A conjunction is a word which
combines words , phrases , clauses or
sentences.
Coordinating conjunctions:
F- for Y-yet
A-and A- and
N-nor F- for
B-but N-nor
O-or O – or
Y-yet B – But
S-so S - so
• Subordinating
conjunctions : after ,
although , as , because , even
if , even though , if , in order
to ,since , so that , though ,
unless , until, when ,while , ..
Page 20 of 26

21. 8. Interjection
• An interjection is a word that expresses some
sudden feelings.
• Eg : Hurray ! We have won the match.
• Alas ! It is painful.
Page 21 of 26

22. VERB- its types
• Main Verb
• A) Transitive Verb
• B) Intransitive Verb
• Auxiliary /Helping
Verb
• A) Primary Auxiliary
verbs
• B) Modal/Secondary
Auxiliary verbs
Page 22 of 26

23. Main Verb
• Transitive Verb
• If the action is passes from
subject to an object is
called transitive verb.
Eg: She makes a kite
Note: If there is answer to
what & whom ,it is
transitive verb)
What she makes? ...kite
• Intransitive Verb
• An intransitive verb is not
used with a direct object
and it does not answer
what or whom .
• Eg .The bird is flying in
the sky.
• Someone is laughing
loudly.
Page 23 of 26

24. Auxiliary/Helping Verb
• Primary Auxiliaries
• Be forms-am , is , are ,
was , were
• Do forms – do ,
does ,did
• Have (perfect) forms-
• Have ,has , had ....
• Modal Auxiliaries
• Shall , should , will ,
would , can , could ,
may ,might ,must,
ought to ...
Page 24 of 26

25. Modal auxiliaries
• Permission : may, can , shall …..
• Possibility : may , might
• Ability : can , could
• Obligation : must , should , ought to , have to , need
Page 25 of 26

26. Modal Auxiliaries
• Eg:
• May I come in ?
• It may rain.
• He can lift the box.
• You must learn English.
• He should complete his work.
• You ought to give respect to elders.
Page 26 of 26