F.sc.2.Chemistry.Ch.07. Solved Test-Malik Xufyan Cell # 0313-7355727

1. F.sc.2.Chemistry.Ch.07. Solved Test (Malik Xufyan)
Cell # 0313-7355727
Name: Class: 12 Portion Organic
Paper: Chemistry Subjective Part Marks: 68
Time: 2:40 Test: 1 Chapter no: 7
SECTON –I
Q 2. Give the short answers of the following EIGHT questions. 16
i. What is vital force theory ?
The compounds obtained from living organisms were called organic compound. Due to this
definition, it was believed that a vital force is involved in the preparation of organic
compounds and therefore, organic compounds could not be prepared in laboratory due to
the absence of vital force. This theory is called vital force theory.
ii. Who disproved the vital force theory?
Fredrick Wholer was disproved the vital force theory.
iii. How urea is prepared from inorganic compound ?Also write the name of this organic
compound.
Urea is prepared by heating ammonium cyanate.
NH4CNO NH2CONH2
iv. What is catenation?
The self-linking ability of carbon is called catenation.it is the ability of carbon to form
millions of compounds of various sizes,shapes and structures.
v. Write down the name of different fractions of petrolium.
The different fractions of petrolium is:
i) Natural gas ii) Petrolium ether iii) Gasoline iv) Parafines v) Gas oil
vi. What is knocking?
Combustion of some fuels starts before spark plug fires. This produces a metalic sound in
engine. This sound is called knocking. Knocking decreases the efficiency of engine.
vii. Differentiate b/w homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds.
Homocylic compounds Heterocyclic compounds
i) The compounds in which the ring consists i) The compounds in which the ring
Of only carbon atoms are called homocyclic consists of atoms of more than one kind
Compounds. are called heteroclclic compounds.
ii) There are two types of homocyclic ii) There is no type of these
Compounds. compounds.
iii) For example: iii) For example:
Cyclobutane, Cyclohexane. Pyridine, Thiophene
viii. What is hybridization?
The process in which atomic orbitals of different energy and shape are mixed together to
form a new set of equivalent orbitals of same energy and same shape is called hybridization.
Q 3. Give the short answers of the frollowing EIGHT questions. 16
i. What is functional group?
An atom or a group of atoms or a double bond or a triple bond which give specific
properties to organic compounds, is called a functional group. For example:CH3-CH3,
H2C=CH2.
ii. Write down the three names of oxygen containing functional group.

2. F.sc.2.Chemistry.Ch.07. Solved Test (Malik Xufyan)
Cell # 0313-7355727
C O C
Ether linkage
CR
O
Carbonyl group
R ,, C
O
H
Formyl group
iii. Draw the structures of Nephthalein and Anthracencce.
Anthracene Naphthalene
iv. Give the names of different types of Acyclic compounds.
There are two types of acyclic compounds. These are:
i) Straight chain compounds:
For example:
Butane, 1-butanol.
ii) Branched chain compounds:
2-methylbutane, 2,2-dimethylpropane.
v. How we increase the octane number of fuel?
The octane number of fuel can be increased by the process of reforming. In the process of
reforming, the straight chain hydrocarbons into branched chain hydrocarbons by heating in the
absence of oxygen and in the presence of a catalyst.
vi. Give the names of different types of cracking.
There are three different types of cracking. These are:
1) Thermal cracking:
Breaking of large molecules by heating at high temperature and pressure is called thermal
cracking.
2) Catalytic cracking:
It is done at lower temperature (500̄◦C) and pressure (5 atm), in the presence of a catalyst.
A typical catalyst is a mixture of SiO2 and Al2O3.
3) Steam cracking:
It is done by mixing vapours of higher hydrocarbons with steam, heated for a short period at
900◦C and then cooled rapidly.
vii. What is natural gas?
It is the mixture of low boiling hydrocarbons. its major portion is methane. It is also produced by
the decomposition of organic matter. It is used as a fuel in general industries. It is used for
power generation, in cement and fertilizers industry.
viii. How wood is converted in to Anthracite?
Wood is converted into anthracite by buried under earth 500 million years ago. Chemical and
bacterial actions converted into peat. Peat at high temperature and pressure gives lignite.
Lignite under pressure gives bituminous coal. Finally bituminous coal under pressure is
converted into anthracite.
Q 4. Give theshort answers of the following SIX questions. 12
i. Define Tautomerism.
The isomers having same molecular formula but different in the position of hydrogen atom are
called tautomers and the phenomenon is called tautomerism.

3. F.sc.2.Chemistry.Ch.07. Solved Test (Malik Xufyan)
Cell # 0313-7355727
H3C C
O
CH3
and
H3C C
OH
CH2
Prop-1-en-2-ol.
Acetone
ii. Differentiate b/w tautomerism and metamerism.
Tautomerism Metamerism
i) The isomers having same molecular i) The isomers having same molecular
Formula but different in the position of formula but unequal distribution of
Hydrogen atom are called tautomers. Carbon atoms on both sides of functional
Groups are called metamers.
ii) This phenomenon is called ii) this phenomenon is called
Tautomerism. Metamerism.
iii) For example: iii) For example:
Acetone and prop-1-en-2-ol. Diethyl ether and methyl propyl ether.
H3C C
O
CH3
H3C-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
Acetone Di-ethyl ether.
And And
H3C C
OH
CH2
Prop-1-en-2-ol. H3C-CH2-CH2-O-CH3
Methyl propyl ether
iii. Define geometrical isomerism.
The isomers having same structural formula but different position of identical groups in space
due to restricted rotation are called cis-trans isomers and this phenomenon is called cis-trans isomerism
or geometrical isomerism.
C C
RR
H H
Cis-alkene
C C
RH
R H
Trans-alkene
iv. Why free rotation is not occur in unsaturated compounds?
Free rotation is not occur in unsaturated compounds due to the presence of pi-bond. Because
to break the pi-bond, a large amount of energy is required. Therefore, free rotation is not occur in
alkenes and alkynes or unsaturated compounds.
v. Write down the importance of organic compounds.
Organic compounds are very important in our daily life.
Almost all the chemical reactions, taking place in living organisms are organic.
Food is also composed of organic compounds e.g. proteins, carbohydrates etc.
Organic compounds are also present in medicine, clothing etc.
Many other important things can be synthesized from organic compounds like: plastic, paints,
preservatives, fertilizers, pestisides, detergents etc.

4. F.sc.2.Chemistry.Ch.07. Solved Test (Malik Xufyan)
Cell # 0313-7355727
vi. How Wholer’s work open the new way of chemistry for chemists?
Chemists thought that organic compounds cannot be prepared in laboratory due to the absence
of vital force which is present only in living organisms. But the Wholer disproved this concept by
preparing urea from ammonium cyanate in laboratory. He showed to the chemists that organic
compounds also prepared in laboratory. His concept helps the chemists to prepare more and
more organic compounds in laboratory. Therefore, Wholer’s work open the new way of
chemistry for chemists.
SECTION-II
Q 3. Give the answers of the frollowing THREE questions.Each question is of FOUR marks 24
Q 5. A) What is reforming? Also explain its role in knocking and increasing the octane number of
fuel.
See the topic of reforming from book.
B) What is coal? Give its uses and the plans of Pakistan for coal in power generation.
See the topic of sources of organic compounds from book.
Q 6.A) Differentiate b/w organic and inorganic compounds.
See the topic of introduction and features of organic compounds from book.
B) Explain cracking. And also explain its different types.
See the topic of cracking from book.
Q 7.A) Explain thy type of Hybridization in Double bonded componds.
See the topic of hybridization in sp2
-hybridization from book.
B) What is petrolium. Give its uses, importance and also define Fractional distilation of petrolium.
See the topic of sources of organic compounds from book.