6. Preventive Techniques :
Engineering Technique
Safe Designing
Safe Construction
Improved Physical Work Arrangements
Isolation and/or enclosure to dangerous
operations/processes
Substitution of more hazardous material by less
hazardous material
Controlled operations and process
Construction Safety
7. Presentation Contents :
Introduction – A Few facts
Construction Accidents
Safe Access On-Site
Working at Height
Ladder Safety
Roof Safety
Excavation Work
Crane Safety
Traffic vehicles & Plant
Goods Hoist
Electricity
Working Near Sewage
PPE
Safety Success
Construction Safety
8. The first week on each new site is
the most dangerous
Accidents are more frequent at the
end of the day
Small building jobs are the most
risky
Safety helmets, Hi-viz jackets,
safety boots do prevent injury and
death
Light weight shoes-such as trainers
or runners are not suitable on site
A FEW FACTS :
Construction Safety
9. Construction Accidents :
Breakdown of fatalities according to type of
accident in construction industry
56% falls from height
21% trapped by something collapsing or
overturning
10% struck by a moving vehicle
5% contact with electricity or electrical
discharge
4% struck by a flying/falling object during
machine lifting of materials
3% contact with moving machinery or material
being machined
1% exposure to a hot or harmful substance
Construction Safety
10. Safe Access On Site :
Everyone can get to their place of work safely
Edges from which people could fall are
provided with double guard rails or other
suitable edge protection
Holes are protected with clearly marked and
fixed covers to prevent falls
Site is tidy
Good lighting
Fenced off from public
Construction Safety
11. • TYPES OF PERMIT
1. Work permits will applied at
construction area
• Hot Work - This permit is required
when using spark or flame producing
equipment and for vehicle entry into a
restricted area.
• Cold Work - This permit is for work
that will not produce sufficient
energy to ignite flammable
atmospheres/materials
• Confined Space Entry
This permit is required for tank
cleaning, tank inspection, work in
sewers or excavations.
• Excavation work permit
13. Height HAZARDS on Construction Sites
Cut-outs in floors, gaps on working platforms, Shafts
and stairwells not adequately covered, barricaded,
fenced off, open floor edges
Working at Height :
Using ladders or scaffolding without proper fixing is
crazy
Never use incomplete scaffolding.
Make sure there are hand rails and toe boards at all
edges
Things fall on sites, wear your helmet
Before starting work at heights check for clearance from
any overhead power lines
Always use fall arrestors & harnesses at the time of
work at height
Construction Safety
14. Right for the job. Would scaffolding
be better?
In good shape
Secured near the top
On a firm base and footing
4 up – 1 out
Rising at least 1 meter beyond the
landing place or that there is a proper
hand hold
Always have a firm grip on the ladder and
keep a good balance
LETHAL LADDERS :
Ladders kill a lot of people…
Make sure the ladder is:
Construction Safety
15. Safe Ladders :
Never allow more than one person on a ladder
Use tool belts or hand lines to carry objects.
Do not lean out from the ladder in any direction
If you have a fear of heights – don’t climb a
ladder
Do not allow others to work under a ladder in use
Construction Safety
16. Do not use the top
or top step of a
stepladder as a
step
PORTABLE LADDERS
17.
18. SCAFFOLDING
Any working over than 1.82 meter shall be
done using scaffold
Scaffolds will be erected, dismantled and
inspected by trained and certified supervisor
19. CONSTRUCTION COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLD
FOUNDATION
TOE-BOARDS
HANDRAILS
MIDRAILS
BRACING
LADDER
WITH GUARD
RAILS
PLATFORMS
TAGGING
21. THE ROOF : A RISKY PLACE TO BE . . .
Very Simply :
Always inspect a roof before you walk
on it
You must have protection to stop you
from falling off the edge
You must use proper safety harnesses
and running cables when working on
top of a roof
Remember: a walk along a fragile roof
could be your last
50% of fatal injuries involving roofs are falls
thru’ fragile materials, 30% are falls from
edges and openings
Construction Safety
22. All excavations deeper than
1.25meters MUST be shored or
battered.
Excavations deeper than 2 meters
MUST have a guard rail or barrier
on their wall edges
Do not allow heavy vehicles near
to the trench edges
(barricade by 3mts. Distance from
the edge)
EXCAVATION WORK…
If you want to avoid accidents apply these rules:
Construction Safety
23. EXCAVATION HAZARDS
COLLAPSE OF
EARTHWORK
ASPHYXITION
FROM EXHAUST
GASES
WORKING
TOOCLOSE
TOGETHER
EXCAVATED
SAND
P.P.E
24. Make sure the excavation is
inspected daily
Make sure you know where any
underground pipes and cables
are before you hit them
REMEMBER:
There is no safe ground that “will
Not collapse”
Trench sides can collapse without
any warning
EXCAVATION WORK :
Construction Safety
25. CONFIND SPACE ENTERY
A space that:
Is large enough and so configured that an employee
can enter bodily and perform work;
Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.
26.
27. The weight of the load must be carefully
estimated
The crane must be fitted with an
automatic safe load indicator (one that
works)
The crane must always work on a hard,
level base
The load must be properly fixed and
secured
The banksman must be trained to give
clear signals
NEVER, NEVER be carried with a load
CRANE SAFETY :
Very Simply :
Construction Safety
28. LIFTING OPERATION & CRANE HAZARDS
Competent Rigger one to be assigned to follow all
lifting operations
Lifting plan and risk assessment before any lifting
operations
Lifting area to be barricaded and empty from
unauthorized persons
Tool box Talk before any lift
When wind velocities are above 32 km/h lifting
operation to be stopped
29. Traffic Vehicles & Plant :
Vehicles and pedestrians should be kept apart
on-site – separate them as much as possible
using barriers
Adequate clearance around slewing vehicles
Avoid reversing where possible & use one-way
system
Vehicles should have reversing alarms/sirens
Passengers only on vehicles designed to carry
them
Construction Safety
30. Hoists :
Good Safety Practice
Installed by a competent person
Rated capacity clearly marked
Current examination and
inspection report
Suitable base enclosure to
prevent people being struck
by moving part of hoist
Landing gates kept shut except when platform
is at landing
Construction Safety
31. Treat electricity with respect
Always use proper Circuit Breakers for
any live connections
Check constantly that cables
are not damaged or worn
Keep trailing cables off the
ground and away from water
Never overload or use
makeshift plugs and fuses
ELECTRICITY :
Good practice with electricity on site :
Construction Safety
32. General Precautions
ELECTRICAL CORDS
GROUNDING(EARTHING)
P.P.E
HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
TAGGING
EXPLOSION PROOF
OVER CURRENT
PROTECTION DEVICES
ELECTRICAL SHOCK
ELECTROCUTION
LOCK OUT &TAGOUT
33. Welding and Cutting
Personnel working with welding equipment shall be
trained, competent, and provided with personal
protection equipment. Welding goggles, helmets,
screens
Any flammable materials should be removed before
starting hot work.
35. General Precautions
Face Shield & welding
Gloves
Cylinder Hoses
Grinding Machines
Grinding Wheel
Non Return Valves
Welding Machines
Regulator
House Keeping
Fire Extinguisher
Welding Electrical Cables
36. PPE on-site :
In any construction sites minimum
requirements are :
Hard hat
Safety Boots
Hi-viz jacket
Safety Glasses
Wear them always for your safety
Construction Safety
37. PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
MINIMUM P.P.E
REQUIRED
SAFETY SHOES
SAFETY HELMET
GOGGLES
High Vest
OTHERS ACCORDING
TO JOB
GLOVES
BREATHING APPARTUS
FACE SHIELDING
Safety Harness
WELDING GLOVES
38. The Fire Triangle :
Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the
principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources
separate.
Construction Safety
40. The Fire :
Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion +
Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature +
Some FUEL or combustible material =
Together, they produce the CHEMICAL REACTION ,
that is “FIRE”
Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire:
Take away any one of these things and the fire will be
Extinguished
Construction Safety
43. Class A: Combustible Solids-Wood, paper,
cloth, trash, plastics—solids that are not
metals.
Class B: Flammable liquids—gasoline,
acetone, oil, grease, petrol, etc.
Class C: Flammable Gases-LPG, CNG,
Acetylene & Energized electrical equipments,
as long as it’s “plugged in.”
Class D: Metals—potassium, sodium,
aluminium, magnesium. Requires Special Dry
Powder and other special extinguishing
agents.
Fuel Classifications :
Construction Safety
44. Types of Fire Extinguishers :
Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight
different classes of fire.
The 4 most common types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water (W/Co2) - For ‘A’ Class
2. Mechanical Foam (AFFF) – For ‘A’ & ‘B’ Class
3. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – For ‘B’ & ‘C’ Class
4. Dry Chemical (ABC) – For ‘A’, ‘B’ & ‘C’ Class
Dry Chemical (BC) – For ‘B’ & ‘C’ Class
Construction Safety
45. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire
extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS:
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
Construction Safety
46. Pull the pin or safety clip…
This will allow you to
discharge the extinguisher
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Construction Safety
47. Aim at the base of the fire…
Hit the fuel.
If you aim at the flames...
… the extinguishing agent will fly right through
and do no good.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Construction Safety
48. Squeeze, rotate or hit the top of the
handle…
This depresses a pin that
releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Construction Safety
49. Sweep from side to side…
.. until the fire is
completely out.
Start using the
extinguisher from a
safe distance away,
then slowly move
forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the
area in case it re-ignites.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Construction Safety
50. BASIC SAFETY PHILOSOPHY FOR
SUCCESS : A New Safety Culture
All accidents are preventable.
No job is worth getting hurt for.
Every job will be done safely.
Incidents can be managed.
Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
Continuous improvement.
Safety as a “way of life” for 24 hours/day
All individuals have the responsibility and
accountability to identify eliminate or manage risks
associated with their workplace
Legal obligations will be the minimum requirements
fro our health & safety standards
Individual will be trained and equipped to have the
skills and facilities to ensure an accident free
workplace
Construction Safety
51. No job is so important that it
cannot be done SAFELY
SAFETY FIRST
CONCLUSION :
Construction Safety