Older 2001 overview of Chinese Internet infrastructure and come of the challenges.

1. Copyright © ChinaNetCloud
ChinaNetCloud
Running all the World's Internet Servers
ChinaNetCloud
July, 2011
Chinese Internet Infrastructure
Challenges & Differences
(Date: July, 2011)
by Steve Mushero, Founder & CEO, CTO

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Topics
 Not your grandfather’s Internet
 Network infrastructure
 Data Centers
 CDNs
 Other interesting tidbits

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Not your grandfathers’ Internet
 World’s largest and still growing – hit 500M users by end of year
 Very diverse – many regions, economically, culturally
 1st Tier Cities – SH, BJ, GZ
 2nd Tier Cities – HZ, SJ, SZ, CQ, TJ, NJ, CD, QD, DL, XM
 3rd Tier Cities – WH, ZZ, WM, WZ, 50+ more w/ 1M+ people each
 Where are your customers ?
 Who are your customers ?
 How are your customers connected ?
China Internet Population
MillionofUsers 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
210
300
2008.12
384
2009.12
457
2010.12
500
2011.12
400
500
2007.12

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Connectivity & Carriers
 Monopoly Telcos/ISPs
 ChinaNetCom – North, 30% of China
 China Telecom – South, 60% of China
 CERNET – Students, expensive & complicated
 China RailCom and others
 Mobile – 2.5G, 3G
 Yankees vs. Rednecks (or North vs. South)
 Very poor connections
 Students isolated
 Mobile separate
 No real competition
 Limited service
 Limited cooperation
 Latency an issue, especially for games

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
BGP Not Common
 No BGP
 Usually use 2-3 IP addresses per server
 Multi-Routing no fun at all
 Requires cross-China strategy
 No BGP, really!
 Well, you can buy it in a few IDCs for high prices
 Slowly getting better

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Quality Connections
 Just say no to single connections
 No good routing for many locations
 Often unstable – 50ms to 250ms to more
 Packet loss a problem
 Constant complaints
 Use BGP if possible
 Use dual-line if needed
 CDNs a fact of life
 To connect north/south, etc.
 To distribute content close to user
 Often use several

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Data Center Challenges
 IDCs (Data Centers) everywhere, but very diverse
 Very small – often old office buildings, even new sites are small
 Limited power
 2-3KW standard, more not that common
 Often 10-15 servers per rack, no blades
 Problem for storage and large Cisco
 Poor service a problem
 No 24 hour access
 No help in attacks
 Poor connections (overloading) a problem
 Understand city, province, backbone
 Shanghai inbound traffic very congested at night
 Choose your cities carefully

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Data Center Challenges
 Bandwidth very good
 100 Mbps shared min, 1Gbps for larger sites
 1-10G+ distributed for big guys, many IDCs have 50G+
 Very wide variety of owners, agents, and contracts
 10x Price differences BJ/SH to country
 Guanxi important
 21ViaNet, ChinaNetCenter, SRT are best mainstream
 There are other options for big players
 Buy direct from telco for large-scale
 Use a empty tech park or other facility
 Use a foreign player – Hogan, AT&T, HK companies, others
 IDX/IDS – IBM-Designed, Level 4, 90,000 sq. ft.
 Best to start small, buy the best you can
 Plan on moving later if you have to

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
CDNs
 Must-have for any real site
 Services for whole-site, images, etc.
 Only way to reach networks
 Mobile
 Students
 Only way to reach all cities
 Limited foreign competition
 Limited technology/service
 But good enough
 Akamai NOT a viable option
 Poor local presence, performance

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
CDNs – Local players
 Some good local players
 ChinaNetCenter, FastWeb best
 Tx Networks, 21Vianet okay
 ChinaCache okay, service issues
 CDNs not very expensive
 But usually sold by Mbps / Gbps
 NOT Bytes per month
 Result: Free bandwidth during off-peak
 Should use CDN monitoring
 NetWorkBench / Gomez in China

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Relationships Important
 Guanxi is often critical
 Baijiu (going out drinking) can be important
 New people get high prices and bad service
 Very common for startups and foreigners
 Good people get good prices, better service
 50% off
 Get real references for vendors
 Contracts helpful, not really binding
 Be flexible

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Recommendations
 Start with single system / location
 Unless already have good distributed system
 Well-located
 Well-connected
 Choose the best IDCs
 21ViaNet or Big Foreign
 Buy the best bandwidth
 BGP to 3-5 networks
 Dual-connect if you have to
 Buy the best CDN
 ChinaNetCenter
 Remember we're in China
 Might not be all perfect

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ChinaNetCloud
Running the World's Internet Servers
© 2011 ChinaNetCloud
Thank You
Steve.Mushero@ChinaNetCloud.com
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ChinaNetCloud
Running All the World's Internet Servers
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