This document defines key terms related to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, including convents, monastic life, the papacy, key religious figures like John Calvin and Martin Luther, the founding of the Society of Jesuits, the Council of Trent, the Index of banned works, indulgences, and the Vatican. It provides brief explanations of these important religious concepts and organizations from the 16th century that shaped Christianity.

1. Convent
• Christian community under monastic vows, especially one of nuns

2. Monastic
• Monks, nuns, or others living under religious vows, or the buildings in
which they live

3. Papacy/Papal
• The office or authority of the pope

4. John Calvin
• Led a powerful Protestant group whose doctrine stated God had
predetermined an ultimate destiny for all people

5. Counter-Reformation
• Another name for the Catholic Reformation, church reforming its
doctrine in an attempt to sway back supporters of the Protestant
Reformation

6. Society of Jesuits
• Founded by Ignatius Loyola, practices self-control and moderation,
prayer and good works led to salvation

7. Martin Luther
• Started the Protestant Reformation, believed salvation was given
through grace directly by God

8. Protestant Reformation
• A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt
to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of
Protestant churches

9. Council of Trent
• Series of meetings held by church officials to clarify the Church's
position on important religious questions

10. The Index
• A list of banned heretical works

11. Indulgences
• A piece of paper that the faithful could purchase reduce time in
purgatory (there they would expiate their sins and then be allowed
into heaven).

12. The Vatican
• The residence of the Catholic Pope in the Vatican City