Civic Exchange - 2009 Energy Seminar no. 10 - Introduction address presentation
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Civic Exchange Energy Seminar no. 10 THE GREEN PEARL RIVER DELTA - ROLE OF THE POWER SECTOR The National Development & Reform Commission (NDRC) has published a wide-ranging Outline Plan for the Reform & Development of the Pearl River Delta 2008-2020. The Plan calls for ‘green’ development. What are the energy needs of this plan and how may it affect energy policies for Guangdong and Hong Kong? What are the challenges and opportunities for the region going forward, and how should Hong Kong deliberate on all its longer-term implications? What does it take for a jurisdiction to transit to high efficiency, low pollution and low carbon outcomes? http://www.civic-exchange.org/eng/event_090417EnergySeminar.aspx
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Civic Exchange - 2009 Energy Seminar no. 10 - Introduction address presentation
- 1. CHINA UPDATE INTRODUCTION TO APRIL 2009 PLAN NDRC’S OUTLINE FOR THE PRD APRIL 2009
- 2. HK Govt: Transforming PRD into green quality living
- 3. Strategic Directions O pening-up Advanced man ufacturing and ser vices National economic P ilot region centre
- 4. Industrial modernization Planning reform Social reform Administrative reform
- 5. Demonstration projects of integrated generation of heat, power and cool Construction of wind power plants and solar energy utilization projects Construction of Lechang Gorges Project on the Northern River (of the Pearl River) Wantou Project, Dateng Gorges Project Solidification and compliance works for Jingfeng United Embankment, Jiangxin United Embankment, 60+ Key projects Zhongshan-Shunde Grand Embankment Renovation project of the Pearl River estuary PRD center for the monitoring and early warning of small and medium meteorological disasters Public information platform for the modern logistics in South China, Automotives using new energy Construction of the inter-city fast rail transit system for the Pearl River Delta Generating electric power with garbage and residual heat 40+ ‘Bases’ Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Zhuhai establish cooperative higher education institutions with 3 to 5 famous foreign universities, Establish comprehensive free trade area at baiyun airport Liantang/Xiangyuanwei border port Cooperation between the airports of Shenzhen and Hong Kong “Bay area” action plan covering the Pearl River mouth Park for Taiwanese peasants at Jinwan, Zhuhai Cross-strait agricultural cooperation pilot zone in Foshan 10+ ‘Centers’ Base for advanced manufacturing and modern service industries Backup service base for the modern financial industry Bases for international service outsourcing National base of software and cartoon industries Base for major complete sets of equipment and technological equipment Base for ship building and repairing 10+ New districts Base for manufacturing ocean engineering equipment Globally advanced super-large base of the petrochemical industry Base of modern information industries Construction of the bases of fresh and live agricultural produces Major base for translation of research findings of the Asian-Pacific region Construct a group of bases for industrializing innovative findings 25+ PRD Leads Construct demonstration bases for ministry-province-sponsored cooperation Base for nuclear power and nuclear power equipment of the country Construction of advanced manufacturing bases Huizhou a base of petrochemical industries Eastern bank of the Pearl River mouth a world-class base of electronics and information industries Shenzhen base of advanced manufacturing industries and hi-tech industries Zhuhai the ocean engineering and equipment manufacturing base 10+ Demonstration areas Zhongshan base of port-front equipment manufacturing, fine chemicals, and healthcare industries Eastern and western Guangdong petrochemical, steel and iron, shipbuilding, and energy production bases North Guangdong an accessory base for the advanced manufacturing industries of the Pearl River Delta Construct intensive training bases for vocational education Major base in South China for vocational and technical education Demonstration base of vocational skill development and evaluation 10+ Reforms National-level base for incubating employment through business undertaking National-level base for healing industrial injuries Establish a number of international service outsourcing bases International center for shipping, logistics, trade, conferences and exhibition, tourism, and innovation National economic center Guangzhou and shenzhen to set up regional financial centers Guangdong to build world-class logistics centers Region as a center for international electronic commerce Hub for both passenger and cargo flows in the asian-pacific region
- 6. Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Zhuhai establish cooperative higher education institutions with 3 to 5 famous foreign universities, Establish comprehensive free trade area at baiyun airport Liantang/Xiangyuanwei border port Cooperation between the airports of Shenzhen and Hong Kong “Bay area” action plan covering the Pearl River mouth Park for Taiwanese peasants at Jinwan, Zhuhai Cross-strait agricultural cooperation pilot zone in Foshan Base for advanced manufacturing and modern service industries 60+ Key projects Backup service base for the modern financial industry Bases for international service outsourcing National base of software and cartoon industries Base for major complete sets of equipment and technological equipment Base for ship building and repairing Base for manufacturing ocean engineering equipment 40+ ‘Bases’ Globally advanced super-large base of the petrochemical industry Base of modern information industries Construction of the bases of fresh and live agricultural produces Major base for translation of research findings of the Asian-Pacific region Construct a group of bases for industrializing innovative findings Construct demonstration bases for ministry-province-sponsored cooperation Base for nuclear power and nuclear power equipment of the country 10+ ‘Centers’ Construction of advanced manufacturing bases Huizhou a base of petrochemical industries Eastern bank of the Pearl River mouth a world-class base of electronics and information industries Shenzhen base of advanced manufacturing industries and hi-tech industries Zhuhai the ocean engineering and equipment manufacturing base Zhongshan base of port-front equipment manufacturing, fine chemicals, and healthcare industries 10+ New districts Eastern and western Guangdong petrochemical, steel and iron, shipbuilding, and energy production bases North Guangdong an accessory base for the advanced manufacturing industries of the Pearl River Delta Construct intensive training bases for vocational education Major base in South China for vocational and technical education Demonstration base of vocational skill development and evaluation National-level base for incubating employment through business undertaking 25+ PRD Leads National-level base for healing industrial injuries Establish a number of international service outsourcing bases International center for shipping, logistics, trade, conferences and exhibition, tourism, and innovation National economic center Guangzhou and shenzhen to set up regional financial centers Guangdong to build world-class logistics centers 10+ Demonstration areas Region as a center for international electronic commerce Hub for both passenger and cargo flows in the asian-pacific region Guangzhou as the major city of the nation, comprehensive gateway city, and regional cultural and educational center Guangzhou as national economic center and a national-level innovative city PRD regional center of services and innovation Guangzhou science city (north) Hi-tech industrial belt in shenzhen 10+ Reforms Construct the Shenzhen-Hong Kong innovation community National-level development zones in Guangzhou Demonstration zones and parks for industry transfer Closed customs area or free-trade area within eligible zones and parks Guangzhou Nansha New Area Qianhai and Houai areas of Shenzhen Border areas between Shenzhen and Hong Kong Zhuhai Hengqin New Area, Cross-border cooperation area between Zhuhai and Macao
- 7. Quantitative goals for 2020 Per capita GDP - ¥135,000 Average life expectancy - 80 years Income levels, urban and rural = 2 x year 2012 Service industries - 60% of growth Urbanization level - 85% The growth of the advanced manufacturing industries will account for over 50% of the industrial growth The growth of hi-tech industries will account for up to 30% of overall industrial growth The number of the enterprises which earn an annual revenue of over 100 billion yuan from main business will have reached around 20, as will the number of the globally famous brands of the region The cargo handling capacity of the ports, 1.4 billion tons The container handling capacity, 72 million standard containers The mileage of rail transit operation will reach 2,200 kilometers Capacity of the civil airports, 150 million person-times Major embankments and dikes, 50 to 100 years. At that time, the water source assurance rate for water supply will reach 97% for large and medium cities and 90% for ordinary towns, and the quality of the water source will be complied with the quality standards specified for the relevant water function zone. Defense capabilities of the downtowns of guangzhou and shenzhen will be able to cope with the worst flood or tide that has ever occurred in the past 200 years; Defense capabilities of the the downtowns of other prefecture-level cities will be able to cope with the worst flood or tide that has ever occurred in the past 100 years; Defense capabilities of the county cities, will be able to cope with the worst flood or tide that has ever occurred in the past 50 years; Energy consumption for each unit of GDP will be lowered to 0.57tec. Energy consumption per capita GDP and the environmental quality will have reached or approached the advanced levels of the world The recycling rate of the water for industrial use will reach 80% The rate of urban wastewater treatment will reach over 90%, the rate of harmless treatment of urban living garbage will reach around 100%, and the compliance rate of industrial waster discharge will reach around 100%; The per capita area of parks and greens for urban residents will reach 15 square meters, 900,000 hectares of public ecological woods will be cultivated, and 82 natural reserves will be established. Guangzhou, shenzhen, and Zhuhai will establish cooperative higher education institutions with 3 to 5 famous foreign universities, and. The region will develop 1 to 2 universities that are first class in china and enjoy a leading status in the world. Higher level of social insurance will have been realized for the whole society The growth of cultural industries will account for 8% of overall gdp growth of the region. Service trade will account for 40% of total volume of import and export The region will foster 10 native multinational corporations of which each earns an annual sales revenue of over 20 billion dollars.
- 8. Headline Targets 2020 2008 Guangdong 2005
- 9. Headline Targets 2020 ¥38,000 74.52 ¥135,000 80 2012 x 2 AVERAGE LIFE GDP per CAPITA INCOME EXPECTANCY 2008 Guangdong 2005
- 11. Services 60% GDP Growth Hi-Tech industries 30% 50% Advanced Manufacturing Industrial growth
- 12. Services >¥100b 60% 20x annual revenue GDP Growth Hi-Tech industries 30% 20 Global 50% Brands Advanced Manufacturing Industrial growth
- 13. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan Dongguan Shenzhen Zhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 14. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen Zhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 15. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen Zhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 16. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen Zhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 17. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen Zhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 18. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen Zhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 19. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen STIMULATIONZhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 20. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen STIMULATIONZhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 21. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen STIMULATIONZhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 22. Guangzhou Zhaoqing Huizhou Foshan IMPROVEMENT Dongguan Shenzhen STIMULATIONZhongshan Jiangmen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao
- 23. Shaoguan Qingyuan Meizhou Heyuan Chaozhou Huizhou Zhaoqing PRD Jieyang Shantou Shanwei Yunfu • Yangjiang • Hong Kong Maoming Macao Zhanjiang
- 24. Shaoguan Qingyuan Meizhou Heyuan OIL Chaozhou Huizhou SHIP Zhaoqing PRD Jieyang Shantou STEEL Shanwei Yunfu • • OIL Hong Kong Yangjiang SHIP Maoming Macao Zhanjiang STEEL
- 25. Shaoguan Qingyuan Meizhou Heyuan OIL Chaozhou Huizhou SHIP Zhaoqing PRD Jieyang Shantou STEEL Shanwei Yunfu • • OIL Hong Kong Yangjiang SHIP Maoming Macao Zhanjiang STEEL
- 26. ENERGY OPEN, DIVERSIFIED, CLEAN, SAFE, ECONOMIC, SECURE AND RELIABLE
- 27. 2007 2005 2007 82% 1,800km 54 85% 2,200km 150 million person times Urbanization Rail transit milage Civil airports capacity 0.58 25 1.4 72 billion million tonnes TEU Cargo handling Standard containers capacity handling capacity Source: 2005 2005 HKTDC GD Statistical yearbook
- 28. + + ¥162b 2007 Guangzhou ¥100b ¥100b ¥100b 3 automakers with >¥100b output each ~5Mt 10 Mt 2008 Guangdong 10 million tonne ship building and repair capacity e.g. Huizhou 12Mt 10 Mt + 10 Mt + 10 Mt (2008) 3 oil refineries with >10 million tonne capacity
- 29. POWER INFRASTRUCTURE NUCLEAR COAL ‘ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY’ OIL & GAS RURAL ENERGY SUPPLY
- 30. ENERGY EFFICIENCY GOAL 0.57 TEC PER GDP GUANGZHOU 2000 - 0.91 TEC 2005 - 0.78 TEC
- 31. ADMINISTRATION OF ENERGY POLICY
- 32. • Joint R&D - clean energy and renewable resources • Clean production • Profitable networks of GD energy supply and marketing • Clean energy policies HK • Adopt unified standards on car fuel, vessel fuel, and emissions that are the most advanced in China
Notes de l'éditeur
- 1.Background Rationale •December 2008, NDRC released •Addresses perceived short-comings of the last 30 years of development •NDRC aware of the unusual times
- •Here is what the document looks like •HK Govt input - transforming the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region into a green and quality living area •Consultation document Key questions: •What sort of feedback could Hong Kong give to the NDRC? How would HK like to contribute to development of the PRD over the next 11 or 12 years?
- 1.What are some of the goals, targets & actions that the Outline sets between now and 2020? Vision & aspirations Many statements in the nature of targets and goals and directions: PRD: •Becoming one of the world’s ‘mega metropolitan areas’; •Leading China’s modernization; •Promoting world-class scientific innovation; •Fostering sound ecological management; 4 Strategic directions: 1.A world-class base for advanced manufacturing and modern service industries Transformational direction. Move away from current ‘low’ status industries – Key Question: Is it correct view? 2.An international gateway for expanding the programme of opening-up the economy; continuing liberalisation of the market 3.Pilot region – means flexibility for experimentation – for what? 4.An important national economic centre.
- Four areas of reform •Space devoted to each in the document. •Note: Space devoted to administration
- Initiatives & Quantitative Goals Moving from overarching strategic directions to more concrete proposal: •Over 150 initiatives with a specific name
- •Over 30 goals with some sort of quantity attached
- Pick out a few headline targets – In a way, these describe the trend desired for the whole of China.
- Pick out a few headline targets – In a way, these describe the trend desired for the whole of China.
- Pick out a few headline targets – In a way, these describe the trend desired for the whole of China.
- Some more headline targets for industry:
- Some more headline targets for industry:
- Some more headline targets for industry:
- Some more headline targets for industry:
- Some more headline targets for industry:
- Some more headline targets for industry:
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- 1.Where will these developments occur? Eastern Bank of the Delta The development strategy is different for each district. East: ‘improvement’ •Shenzhen, advanced manufacturing base for hi-tech industries. •Dongguan, establishing an industrial park to upgrade its manufacturing. •Huizhou, port related and petrochemical industries. •In areas near and around Hong Kong, the Outline favours the service industries – finance, conventions and exhibitions, logistics, science and technology services, and cultural and creative services especially. •The Chief Executive Mr Tsang has echoed these sentiments to a media session after a meeting of the Task Force on Economic Challenges earlier this month. Western Bank Western Delta - ‘stimulation’, targeting: •The Gaolan Port Industrial Area; •Foshan’s machinery and equipment manufacturing industries; and •Establishing or upgrading factories in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into advanced manufacturing industries.
- Rest of the Guangdong •For the rest of Guangdong, the NDRC is providing a picture of change that is already in the policy mix of the Province. •Heavy and chemical industries moving outwards from the PRD. East and west coastal areas of Guangdong. •Labour intensive, low-value-high-output, industries spilling over into the hinterland counties of the PRD. •Consistent with rural development.
- Rest of the Guangdong •For the rest of Guangdong, the NDRC is providing a picture of change that is already in the policy mix of the Province. •Heavy and chemical industries moving outwards from the PRD. East and west coastal areas of Guangdong. •Labour intensive, low-value-high-output, industries spilling over into the hinterland counties of the PRD. •Consistent with rural development.
- Rest of the Guangdong •For the rest of Guangdong, the NDRC is providing a picture of change that is already in the policy mix of the Province. •Heavy and chemical industries moving outwards from the PRD. East and west coastal areas of Guangdong. •Labour intensive, low-value-high-output, industries spilling over into the hinterland counties of the PRD. •Consistent with rural development.
- 4. How will energy be supplied to support these developments? Broad agenda Up until recently, power shortages. Results
- Infrastructure targets Before discussing how the Outline sees supply being met, a few words about demand: Specific planning and infrastructure targets: •Urbanization – consistent with a move to a services economy •About 20% extra mileage needs to be added to the railway system