2. Segregation in the South
Following the reconstruction many southern states
including Georgia practiced segregation.
Segregation means that blacks and whites were not
allowed to be together in public places.
Whites liked segregation because it meant they did
not have to associate with blacks.
Also, because whites were in power they often enjoyed
the best seats at facilities and African Americans had
to endure the inferior ones.
3. Jim Crow Laws
To ensure segregation many southern states passed the
Jim Crow Laws.
Jim Crow Laws required blacks and whites to remain
separated.
This included riding separately in different forms of
transportation. (Buses, Trains, Etc)
Also required blacks and whites to remain separated at
dining facilities as well.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Plessy v. Ferguson
The supreme court made the Jim Crow Laws
constitutional in the famous case in 1896, known as
Plessy v. Ferguson.
In the state of Louisiana it was illegal for blacks to
share the same railway car as whites. Homer Plessy, a
man who was part African American broke this law by
sitting in a “whites only” car and was arrested.
The supreme court ruled against Plessy stating that
segregation was constitutional as long as both facilities
were equal.
11.
12.
13. Booker T. Washington
Washington was a former slaves who pushed for blacks
to learn a trade, like farming, teaching, or some other
form of manual labor.
Washington felt that as blacks proved themselves in
the different trades, African Americans would begin to
be treated as equal citizens.
Washington was responsible for founding the
Tuskegee Institute in Alabama on teaching different
trades.
Many felt he was the most famous African American
during the time.
14.
15. W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois taught at Atlanta University and strongly
disagreed with Washington’s ideas on how to attain
equality with whites.
DuBois believed African Americans should strive to be
Intellectuals (well educated).
With increasing education blacks could achieve
positions of leadership and influence, which would
allow African Americans to change their standing in
society.
Known as the father of social science.
Wrote and studied about African Americans.
16.
17. Controversy: Washington vs DuBois
In 1895, Booker T. Washington gave a controversial
speech in Atlanta to a mostly white audience.
In his speech he supported segregation.
This pleased the whites, because they enjoyed hearing
a leader in the African American community saw
segregation was ok.
18.
19. Controversy: Washington vs DuBois
Many blacks were upset with Washington and his
support of segregation.
W.E.B. DuBois was especially mad.
DuBois felt the ideas and views of Washington's
speech were outrageous, and he labeled Washington's
speech the “Atlanta Compromise” because he believed
Washington had sold out his own people to win favor
with the whites.
20. Controversy: Washington vs DuBois
In response to views like Washington’s, many African
American intellectuals met on the Canadian side of
Niagara Falls in 1905. Led by DuBois.
(They were not allowed hotel rooms on the American side)
They discussed how they might help the black cause.
Their discussions gave birth to the NAACP – (National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
21.
22. John and Lugenia Burns (Hope)
The Burns provided intellectual leadership and social
activism in Atlanta’s African American Community.
John Burns served as the first African American president
at Morehouse College
Lugenia Burns was a social activist and welfare worker.
She organized the Atlanta Neighborhood Union in 1908.
The Union provided a health clinic, clubs for boys and girls,
and vocational classes for children.
Lugenia also fought to improve schools, streets, and
sanitary facilities.
Also, fought against discrimination policies in the YMCA.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. Disfranchisement
Even though African American’s right to vote was
protected by the 15th Amendment, many southern
states found ways to keep blacks “disfranchised”
“Disfranchised” – means unable to vote.
States came up with disfranchisement laws such as:
Grandfather Clause – Must be a veteran of the
Confederate Army, or a descendent of a veteran in
order to vote.
Must pay a poll tax and pass a literacy test – at the time
many African Americans were poor and illiterate.
28. Racial Violence
When the disfranchisement laws failed to keep African
Americans from exercising their right to vote, many
southern states would turn to racial violence to deter
African Americans from voting.
Groups like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) would use
violence, intimidation, and lynchings to keep blacks
from exercising their 15th Amendment rights.
The period from 1890 – 1930 was the bloodiest period
of racial violence in Georgia’s history.
