1. AKASH SHARMA
09BCE394
ARYAN RAJ
CHOWDARY
09BCE403

2.  Introduction
 History
 Obsessions and compulsions
 Causes
 Diagnosticchallenges
 Signs and Symptoms
 Treatment

4.  Obsessive compulsive disorder or OCD is
an anxiety disorder
 Disorder causing worries, doubts, and
superstitious beliefs during everyday life
 Leads to repetitive behaviours to reduce
the associated anxiety or by a combination
of obsessions and compulsions

5.  14th & 15th century thought people were
possessed by the devil and treated by
exorcism
 17th century thought people were cleansing
their guilt
 20th century began treating with
behavioural techniques

6.  Obsessions - Repetitive and unwelcome
thoughts, images, or impulses that are
difficult to dismiss or control
 Compulsions– repetitive behavioural
responses can be resisted only with great
difficulty

7.  Affects almost 3% of world’s population
 Start anytime from preschool to adulthood
 Typically between 20-24
 Many different forms of OCD – differ from
person to person
 Cause of OCD is still unknown

9.  Scientistsplit theories responsible for
causes into two groups
• Psychological - disorder where people
are responsible for feelings they have
• Biological - abnormalities in the brain
 Due to injury
 Birth defect

10.  Cause for OCD is often liked with
neurotransmitter Serotonin
 Role of serotonin is to send chemical
messages from one neuron to another
 OCD suffers may have damaged receptor
sites that prevent serotonin from proper
functioning
 Possible genetic mutation or gene disorder

11.  Although OCD appears to be fairly
common, it is often misdiagnosed by
doctors
 On average, patients wait 9 years from
onset of symptoms to participating in
effective treatment
 Sometimes confused with OCPD

12.  Doubts that you've locked the door or
turned off the stove
 Thoughts that you've hurt someone in a
traffic accident
 Fear of causing harm to yourself or others
 Superstitions - excessive attention to
something considered lucky or unlucky
 Feeling of hair loss because of pulling hair

13.  Washing hands until your skin becomes
raw
 Counting in certain patterns
 Arranging certain items to face the same
way
 Fear that something bad will happen if they
throw anything away

15.  The two main treatments for obsessive-
compulsive disorder are:
 Psychotherapy
• A type of therapy called cognitive behavioural
therapy (CBT)
 Medications
• Use of Antidepressants to increase levels of
serotonin, which may be lacking when you have
OCD.

16.  Two components
1. Exposure and response prevention:
• Involves repeated exposure to source of
obsessions
• refrain from the compulsive behaviour
Example:
If you are a compulsive hand washer, you might be
asked to touch the door handle and then be
prevented from washing

17. 2. Cognitive therapy:
• Involves shifting attention from catastrophic
thoughts to something else
• learn healthy and effective ways of responding to
obsessive thoughts, without resorting to
compulsive behaviour
For Example:
While experiencing OCD thoughts, you could listen
to music, read, play a video game

18.  Inthe event of first symptoms, most
commonly, antidepressants are tried first
 Antidepressants may be helpful for OCD
because they increase levels of
serotonin, which may be lacking when you
have OCD
 FDA has approved certain drugs to treat OCD
• Clomipramine (Anafranil)
• Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
• Fluoxetine (Prozac)

19.  Medication have to be continued for one to
two years
 If your symptoms return on a lower
dose, you may need to take medication
indefinitely
 Some medications can have dangerous
interactions with some food supplement

20.  OCD is a complicated issue
 Most cases are incurable
 Best form of treatment is CBT in
combination with medication
 A lot more effort is needed to research the
brain to know more about such disorders