1. Easy to Engineering
By Jeegnesh Chauhan
Introduction to Automotive System
(Automobile Engineering)
2. Automobile
• The automobile is a self-propelled vehicle that
travels on land. It is usually four-wheeled vehicle
like car.
• A car or an automobile is defined as a wheeled
motor vehicle used for transportation.
• An automobile is derived from the combination of
two words, ‘Auto’ which means SELF, and
‘mobile’ means Move.
3. Automobile History and Development
• Any one don’t know who built first Automobile?
• First self propelled vehicle made by Nicholas
Joseph in 1769. It was three wheeled vehicle.
• In 1885, two German engineers made first
gasoline powered automobile which is based on
four stroke cycle.
• In 1895 Stanley built steam car which is famous
by ‘Stanley steamer’. This car able to reach at
100 miles per hour speed.
• Ford company formed in 1903.
4. Automobile History and Development
• In 1904 London manufacture 5000 motor buses.
• In 1904 America manufacture 121 cars.
• In 1908 Buick factory was converted in general
motor.
• After that automobile industry grew with fast.
Today car population in all over world is 3000
million.
• Automobile can run on diesel, petrol, electricity,
steam, gas etc.
• Now electric and hybrid vehicles are in trend.
5. Classification of automobiles
(A) Based on the purpose
1) Passenger vehicle
2) Goods vehicle
3) Special vehicle
(B) Based on the load capacity
1) Light duty vehicle
2) Heavy duty vehicle
(C) Based on the fuel used
1) Petrol engine vehicle
2) Diesel engine vehicle
3) Steam engine vehicle
4) Electric vehicle
5) Gas vehicle
(D) Based on type of drive
1) Left hand drive vehicle
2) Right hand drive vehicle
3) Fluid drive vehicle
6. Classification of automobiles
(E) Based on number of wheels and axels
1) Two wheels vehicle
2) Three wheels vehicle
3) Four wheels vehicle
4) Six wheels vehicle
5) Four axle wheels vehicle
6) Six axle wheels vehicle
(F) Based on type of transmition system
1) Automatic transmition vehicle
2) Manual transmition vehicle
3) Semi automatic transmition vehicle
(G) Based on suspension system
1) Conventional – e.g. leaf spring
2) Independent – e.g. coil spring
7. Various systems in Automobile
1) Power plant (Engine) – produce power, I.C.E. front or
rear, convert chemical to mechanical energy.
2) Drive train – power transfer to propel vehicle,
components used like clutch, gearbox, universal joint
etc.
3) Steering system – control front wheel for move vehicle
4) Braking system – to slow down or stop vehicle
5) Suspension – smooth ride, absorb sock, damp of
vibration wheel & chassis
6) Electrical and electronic system
7) Ignition system
8. Engine locations
1) Front engine rear wheel drive
2) Rear engine rear wheel drive
3) Front engine front wheel drive
4) Mid engine rear wheel drive
5) Four wheel drive
a) Rear engine
b) Front engine
9. Front wheel drive front engine
• In this type of engine is mounted on the front side of the vehicle and
the driving power is given to the front wheels only.
- More interior space
- Lower weight
- Less cost to
manufacture
- Improved drive train
efficiency
- Improved traction
- Predictable handling
- Lack of weight transfer
- Reduce traction at
slope
- Size of engine restricted
- Increased turning circle
10. Rear wheel drive front engine
• In this type of engine is mounted on the front side of the vehicle and
the driving power is given to the front wheels only.
- Even weight distribution
- Better weight transfer
- Better steering radius
- Heavy engine can used
- Better braking
- Better handling on dry
road
- Over steering possibility
- Poor traction
- Increase weight
- Increase manufacturing
cost
11. Frame, Chassis and Body
Frame – It is basically the body of a vehicle i.e. all
other parts are fastened on to it.
Chassis – It is the minimum requirement of a
vehicle to move i.e. frame fitted with engine,
tyres, steering, brakes etc.
Body – The body style of a vehicle refers to the
shape & model of a particular automobile make
such as ford, Chevrolet or Chrysler.
12. Conventional
Frame
• It is used for heavy
commercial vehicle.
• In this type frame and
body are separate
parts.
• Side members are
heavy.
• Construction is better
for low volume
production vehicle.
• It is used for light
vehicle and mostly for
car.
• Frame and body are
integrated parts.
• Side members are
light.
• It suitable for mass
produced vehicles.
Frameless
construction
13. Conventional
Frame
• Flexibility to fitting variety of
bodies to chassis.
• Accident damage is easy to
repair.
• Cost of vehicle is increased
due to heavy frame.
• No flexibility, used for specific
vehicle.
• Accident damage is difficult to
repair.
• Cost of vehicle is less due to
light frame.
Frameless
construction
14. Classification of chassis
1) Based on it’s control
a) full forward chassis
b) semi forward chassis
c) bus chassis
2) Based on location of engine
a) front engine chassis
b) rear engine chassis
c) mid engine chassis
3) Based on drive
a) front wheel drive chassis
b) rear wheel drive chassis
c) all wheel drive chassis
d) left hand drive chassis
e) right hand drive chassis
4) Based on wheel and driving wheels
a) 4 x 2 drive chassis
b) 4 x 4 drive chassis
c) 6 x 2 drive chassis
d) 6 x 4 drive chassis
15. Material of body construction
1) Steel aluminium – mostly used, high
strength, heavy weight
2) Plastic – used in modern car
manufacturing, light weight, i.e. Chrysler
CCV
3) Carbon fiber – light & soft, available
costly, used in racing cars and sports car
16. Types of vehicle body
1) Hatchback – two doors passenger
compartment with a door at the back
2) Sports car – small, two seated automobile,
aerodynamic shape for high speed
3) Four-door sedan – passenger compartment
with four doors and four window
4) Limousine – large, six seated passenger
compartment
5) Convertible – car with removable roof
17. Types of vehicle body
6) Hardtop – two door passenger compartment
7) Van – small vehicle used to carry baggage
8) Pickup truck – a small truck
18. Wheel and tyre
• Wheel :- a circular object that revolves on
an axle and is fixed below a vehicle or
other to enable it to move easily over the
ground.
• Tyre :- a rubber covering, typically inflated
or surrounding an inflated inner tube,
placed round a wheel to form a soft
contact with the road.
21. Tube
• Overall life is less
• Initial cost is less
• Long run cost is more
• Durability is less
• Resistance to
puncture is less
• Air discharge rate is
more
• Puncture repair is
easy
• Safety is less
• Overall life is more
• Initial cost is more
• Long run cost is less
• Durability is more
• Resistance to
puncture is more
• Air discharge rate is
less
• Puncture repair is
difficult
• Safety is more
Tubeless
24. Radial tyres
• Steel belts run at 90° with
tread line
• Contact with ground more
• More expansive
• More life
• Less wear
• Not smooth ride on rough
surface
• Run cooler at highway
with speed and under
load condition
• Nylon belts run at 30°-
45° with thread line
• Less contact with ground
and result overheating
• Less expansive
• Less life
• More wear due to high
traction
• Smoother ride on rough
surface
• Not made for highway
application
Bias ply tyres
