18. “ There really is a critical period...somewhere between the ages of 6-7 and 16-17, everybody loses the mental equipment required for the implicit induction of the abstract patterns underlying human language.”
19.
20.
Notes de l'éditeur
Spoke with Dr. Zareva, and she reminded me of the Wedge of Language Competence...
Hand tapping task I mentioned earlier, verbal tasks while tapping fingers. Suggests more research is needed.
Self-Reporting= Census Morphosyntactic= Grammar tasks, how native do you write, or edit? Phonological= Speaking tasks, how native do you sound, or hear?
Chiswick & Miller, Hakuta, Bialytok & Wiley all looked at data from the US 2000 Census. Hakuta et. al, looked at primarily Spanish and Chinese (to take out similarities of L1 and L2) and Chiswick & Miller separated all immigrants, those from Mexico and those not from Mexico and by biological sex. C&M all groups showed a decline, not a drop off, there was no variability between the sexes.
First learned Spanish in the home, living in the US=bilinguals. Very thorough-GJ, cloze and editing tasks! Age of 6 was the boundary for early and late bilinguals b/c subj. is heard among native spanish 6 yr. olds
Robert Reichle, AoA between 1-34, L1 English speakers with LOR of at least 4 years. L2 understanding and use of information structure not a factor in CP. Criticism of study= too easy!!!!
Julie married an Egyptian and learned EA without any formal training. She cannot read or write in Arabic. Tests done showed that Julie achieved similar ratings as NS and as another NNS who had explicit instruction
Tested 10 AoA learners of Hebrew whose AoA was after puberty. Many had many of the traits of the GCluster. All had high levels of proficiency and many scored well, if not Native. The youngest AoA scored lower than many older AoA
Second Study- What about Talented Learners? GJT test, language aptitude test. Talented adult L2 learners will have high verbal ability scores-b/c they are using prob. solving skills. CP pertains to IMPLICIT language learning, so only adults with high verbal ability will be able to have success in the L2 with the later AoA
confusion of rate and Ult. Attainment, bad choice of subjects (how late was their AoA), Need to separate AoA from aging declines, leading instructions to raters, limited speech samples to judge native-likeness (can be rehearsed, not a true sampling), difference between NNS and NS in samplings are so great that poor NNS sound like NS, Unreliable measures (self-reporting, NS don’t get 100%, but expect NNS to achieve this), L1 and L2 are closely related in talented learners examples, “faulty interpretation of statistical patterns”
![The Effects of Age on L2 Learners ,[object Object],November 25, 2010](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/slafinalpresentation-110114134415-phpapp01/85/Sla-final-presentation-1-320.jpg)
