1. Chemical Engineering and its
Applications
by
Cumali KALKAN

2. What is Chemical Engineering?

3. Engineering:
- application of scientific, economic, social, and
practical knowledge to design, build, maintain,
and improve structures, machines, devices,
systems, materials and processes
- combines science and mathematics to solve real
world problems that improve the world around us

4. • Engineers implement ideas in a cost effective
and practical approach
• Engineers are problem solvers, organisers,
communicators, calculators and designers

5. • The crucial and unique task of the engineer is
to identify, understand, and interpret the
constraints to produce a successful result
• It is usually not enough to produce a
technically successful product; it must also
meet further requirements

6. Constraints/limitations may include:
- available resources
- physical, imaginative or technical limitations
- flexibility for future modifications
- other factors, such as requirements for
cost, safety, marketability, and serviceability

7. • engineers must also take into account safety,
efficiency, economy, reliability and
constructibility or ease of fabrication
• as well as legal considerations such as patent
infringement or liability in the case of failure
of the solution

8. • By understanding the constraints, engineers
derive specifications for the limits within
which a viable product or system may be
produced and operated

9. A Sample
Specification
for a chemical
(sealant)
complying to
various
standards

10. A Sample
Standard
for
Aluminium
(ASTM
B-221-08)

11. A sample Certificate of Test showing standards and specifications

12. • Engineering is quite different from science.
• Scientists try to understand nature. Engineers try to
make things that do not exist in nature.
• Engineers try to invent and design something that
people can use
• That something can be a device, a material, a method,
a computing program, a new solution to a problem, or
an improvement on something existing

13. Chemical:

14. • Inorganic chemicals (H2O, CO, CO2, NaCl etc.)
• Organic chemicals (large class of chemical
compounds whose molecules contain carbon
like methane-CH4)
• Compounds based primarily on carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms are
called organic compounds, and all others are called inorganic compounds.

15. • Organic compounds are produced by living
things.
• Inorganic compounds are produced by non-
living natural processes or by human
intervention in the laboratory.

16. Inorganic
compounds
Organic
compounds
can form salts + -
contain carbon - +
contain (C-H) bonds - +
contain metal atoms + -

17. Chemical Engineering:
• Basically, Chemical Engineering is applied
chemistry
• It is the practical application of chemistry

18. • applies sciences (e.g. chemistry and physics)
together with mathematics and economics

19. • essentially deals with chemicals, materials,
energy and the processes to create &/or
convert them

20. • concerned with design, construction, and
operation of machines, processes &/or factories
• to produce useful products or solve practical
problems
• by performing chemical reactions and converting
raw-materials or chemicals into more useful or
valuable forms

21. • also involved with pioneering valuable
materials, techniques & fields
like nanotechnology, fuel cells and
bioengineering.

22. • Chemical engineers are not chemistry experts. Their
purpose is to apply chemistry to PRACTICAL problems.
• Apart from chemistry, chemical engineers are trained
in economics, business practice, environmental factors
and ethics.
• Chemists are trained only in the theory of chemistry
whereas engineers implement chemical theory in
everyday life to solve problems.

24. Applications / Industries:
- Petrochemical
- Plastics
- Rubber
- Paint & coating
- Cement
- Fertilizer
- Soaps, detergents, etc.
- Sugar
- Glass
- Ceramic
- Paper

25. Applications / Industries:
- Water treatment and purification
- Cosmetics
- Pharmaceuticals
- Foods & Beverages
- Industrial Chemicals
- Mining / Mineral Extraction and Processing
- Leather
- Textile
- Agrochemicals
- Explosives
- Gases

26. Some Examples for
Chemical Processes / Operations
• Separation
• Filtration
• Distillation
• Extraction
• Crystallization
• Evaporation, Condensation
• Polymerization
• Adsorption, Absorption
• Drying
• Refrigeration
• Screening, crushing, pulverization,
• Mixing
• Chemical Reactions
Unit operations
involve a
physical change or
chemical
transformation

27. Process Flow Diagram
(Flow Sheet)
• Flow sheet is a diagram showing the progress
of material through a chemical factory. It
shows the material and energy flow in each
process and operation.

28. Flowsheet (Example)

29. HCl Acid Recovery
Flow Diagram

32. A
Typical
Oil
Refinery

33. Typical Content of a Process Flow Diagram
• Process piping
• Major equipment items
• Control valves and other major valves
• Connections with other systems
• Major bypass and recirculation streams
• Operational data (temperature, pressure, mass flow
rate, density, etc.), mass balance
• Process stream names

34. Design Elements

35. Basic Pump & Tank Symbols

36. Basic Compressor, Turbine & Motor Symbols

37. Basic Heat Exchanger & Cooling Tower Symbols

38. Basic Reactor Symbols
Basic Furnace & Boiler
Symbols

39. A Sample
Product
Data Sheet
(TDS)

40. A Sample
Product
Data Sheet
(TDS)

41. A Sample
Material
Safety Data
Sheet
(MSDS)

42. A Sample
Material
Safety Data
Sheet
(MSDS)

43. THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING
• I HOPE IT WAS INFORMATIVE 