4. ບ່ອນອີງ: ສະຖານບັນຄົ້ນຄົ້ວ
Research Institutes
• International Labor Organization (ILO), Switzerland
• International Union Food Commercial Worker
(IUFCW), Switzerland.
• Environment Protection Agency, USA.
• United State Drug Agriculture (USDA), USA.
5. ການສຶກສາຜົນຮ້າຍຂອງຢາຂ້າຫ້ຽາ ບາງຊະນິດ ທີ່ຈົດທະບຽນ ແລະ
ບໍ່ຈົດທະບຽນທີ່ ກົມປູກຝັງ, ກະຊວງກະສິກໍາ ໃນປະຈຸບັນ
ຊື່ສາມັນ %
ສານອອກ
ລິດ
ຊື່ການຄ້າ ປະເພດນໍາໃຊ້ ຜູ້ນໍາເຂົ້າ ປະເທດ ວັນອອກ
ທະບຽນ
ເລກທີ່ ວັນໝົດ
ກໍານົດ
Common Name a.l content
(%)
Trade name Type of
application
Importer Country Date of
issue
Registration
No
Data of
Expiry
Glyphosate 41% W/W Lyphoxim 41 SL,
Roud up
Mosanto
Rodeo
Pond master
ຂ້າຫ້ຽາ
Herbicide
Saigon Plant
Protection Ltd
ຫວຽດນາມ 7/12/2007 00026P/ກປຝ 25/5/2009
Paraquat
Dichloride
276 g/l Pesle 276SL ຂ້າຫ້ຽາ
Herbicide
Saigon
Pesticide Co
ຫວຽດນາມ 5/7/2006 00054P/ກປຝ 4/7/2008
Atrazine ຂ້າຫ້ຽາ
Herbicide
6. GLYPHOSATE
STATUS: ISO 1750 (published)
IUPAC: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
CAS: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
REG. NO.: 1071-83-6
FORMULA: C3H8NO5P
ACTIVITY: herbicides (organophosphorus herbicides)
NOTES:
When this substance is used as an ester or a salt, its identity should
be stated, for example glyphosate-diammonium [69254-40-6],
glyphosate-dimethylammonium [34494-04-7], glyphosate-
isopropylammonium [38641-94-0], glyphosate-monoammonium [40465-
66-5], glyphosate-potassium [70901-20-1], glyphosate-sesquisodium
[70393-85-0], glyphosate-trimesium [81591-81-3].
STRUCTURE:
PRONUNCIATION: glī-fō-sāt Guide to British pronunciation
INCHI:
InChI=1/C3H8NO5P/c5-3(6)1-4-2-10(7,8)9/h4H,1-
2H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)/f/h5,7-8H
9. Glyphosate
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Glyphosate is a colorless crystal at
room temperature
Chemical Name: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine
CAS Number: 1071-83-6
Molecular Weight: 169.08
Water Solubility: 12,000 mg/L @ 25 C
Solubility in Other Solvents: i.s. in common
organics (e.g., acetone, ethanol, and xylene)
Melting Point: 200 C
Vapor Pressure: negligible
10. GLYPHOSATE
Inert Ingredients in Glyphosate Formulations
ສ່ວນປະກອບຫຼັກຂອງ ສູດສານ ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ
• Inerts known to be included in glyphosate products include ammonium
sulfate, benziothiazolone, 3-iodo-2-propynl butylcarbamate (IPBC),
isobutane, methyl pyrrolidinone, pelargonic acid, sodium sulfite,
sorbic acid, and isopropylamine. All of these chemicals are associated
with skin irritation, gastric and respiratory problems.
• ສັງເກດຊື່ບັນດາສານເຄມີທີ່ເປັນສ່ວນປະສົມຂອງ ຢາຂ້າຫ້ຽາ ໄກຼໂຟ
ເຊດ ຂ້າງເທີງນີ້ ລວມແຕ່ມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ຜິວໜັງ, ລະບົບຫ່ຽອຍ
ອາຫານ ແລະເຮັດໃຫ້ລະບົບຫາຍໃຈມີບັນຫາ.
11. GLYPHOSATE
• Trade and Other :
Names ຊື່ການຄ້າ ແລະອື່ນໆ:
– ຊື່ການຄ້າຂອງສານ ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ລວມມີ: Gallup,
Landmaster, Pondmaster, Ranger, Roundup,
Rodeo, and Touchdown, Mosanto…etc
– It may be used in formulations with other
herbicides.
ນອກນັ້ນອາດໃຊ້ໃນຮູບການ ແບບສານເຄມີຂ້າຫ້ຽາ
ອື່ນໆ..
14. ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ
GLYPHOSATE
• Environmental Effects ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ສີ່ງແວດລ້ອມ
• EPA acknowledges that the material does have the potential to contaminate
surface waters. If glyphosate reaches surface water, it is not broken down
readily by water or sunlight14. The half-life of glyphosate in pond water ranges
from 70 to 84 days15.
• ອົງການປົກປ້ອງສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ (EPA) ຍອມຮັບວ່າໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ມີໂອກາດສູງທີ່ຈະປົນເປື້ອນຕໍ່ນໍ້າ
ໜ້າດີນ ຖ້າຫາກວ່າສານດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ລົງສູ່ນໍ້າໜ້າດີນ, ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ບໍ່ສາມາດສະລາຍຕົວ ດ້ວຍນໍ້າ
ແລະແສງອາທິດ. ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ສາມາດຄົງຢູ່ໃນນໍ້າໄດ້ ເຄີ່ງຊິວິດ ປະມານ 70 ຫາ 84 ວັນ.
• Glyphosate is moderately persistent in soil, with an average half-life of 47 days,
although there are studies reporting field half lives of up to 174 days16.
• ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ສາມາດຄົງຢູ່ໃນດີນໃດ້ ໂດຍສະເລັ່ຽ ເຄີ່ງຊີວິດ ຫຼື 47 ວັນ, ແຕ່ອີງຕາມການສຶກ
ສາໄດ້ລາຍງານວ່າ ເຄີ່ງຊີວິດຂອງການຄົງຕົວຂອງສານດັງກ່າວ ແມ່ນ 174 ວັນ.
• Residues of glyphosate have been known to persist for months in anaerobic
soils deficient in microorganisms.
• ຮູ້ກັນວ່າ ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ສາມາດຄົງຢູ່ ຫຼື ຕົກຄ້າງ ໃນດີນປອກໂຫຼ້ນທີ່ມີຈຸລີນຊີໜ້ອຍ ໄດ້ນານ
ເຖີງຫຼາຍເດືອນ.
15. ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ GLYPHOSATE
• Environmental Effects ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ສີ່ງແວດລ້ອມ
• Much of the belief about glyphosate’s environmental safety is based on the expectation that
residues will be “immobile in soil,” and therefore the chemical will not contaminate groundwater.
• ເຊື່ອກັນວ່າ ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ (glyphosate) ປອດໃພຕໍ່ສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ ແລະບໍ່ເປັນສານປົນ
ເປື້ອນຕໍ່ນໍ້າໃຕ້ດີນສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ , ຍ້ອນຄໍາວ່າ “ປອດໃພ ” ແລະ“ເປັນມິດກັບສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ
”
• Round-Up is another matter Advertised by Monsanto Corporation as safe and environmentally friendly,
it has become the most widely used herbicide today.
• Round-Up ຫຼື ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ກໍ່ເຊ່ັນດຽວກັນ, ທີ່ໂຄສະນາດ້ວຍ ບໍລິສັດ Monsanto
Corporation ວ່າເປັນຜະລິດຕະພັນທີ່ປອດໃພ ແລະເປັນມິດກັບສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມນັ້ນ ໄດ້
ກາຍເປັນຕົ້ນເຫດທີ່ມີການນໍາໃຊ້ສານເຄມີນີ້ຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງນີທຸກມື້ນີ້.
• Monsanto was sued by New York state for claiming Round- Up is "safe" and "environmentally friendly."
The suit ended in a settlement with Monsanto paying a quarter million dollars and agreeing to cease and
desist from using the terms " safe" and "environmentally friendly" in advertising.
• ໃນປີ 2008 ລັດ ນີວຢອ໊ກ(New York state) ຟ້ອງ ບໍລິສັດ Monsanto Corporation ທີ່
ໂຄສະນາວ່າ ຜະລິດຕະພັນ Round- Up “ປອດໃພ ” ແລະ“ເປັນມິດກັບສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ ”
ການຟ້ອງຮ້ອງດັ່ງກ່າວໄດ້ສີນສຸດລົງໂດຍການຕັດສີນ ໃຫ້ ບໍລິສັດ Monsanto Corporation
ຈ່າຍຄ່າເສັຽຫາຍ ຕົກເປັນເງີນ 25 ລ້ານດອນລາ ຫະລະລັດ ແລະຢຸດໃຊ້ ຄໍາໂຄສະນາວ່າ
“ປອດໃພ ” “ເປັນມິດກັບສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ ”
16. ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ GLYPHOSATE
Non-target Animals
• Glyphosate use directly impacts a variety of nontarget animals including insects,
earthworms, and fish, and indirectly impacts birds and small mammals17.
• ການໃຊ້ສານ ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ມີຜົນກະທົບໂດຍກົງ ຕໍ່ສັດທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນເປົ້າໝາຍ ລວມທັງແມງໄມ້,
ຂີ້ກະເດືອນ, ປາ ແລະມີຜົນກະທົບທໃນທາງອອ້ມຕໍ່ ສັດປີກ ແລະສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນົມຂະໜາດ
ນ້ອຍ.
• A study conducted by the International Organization for Biological Control found that
exposure to RoundupTM killed over 50 percent of three species of beneficial insects –
a parasitoid wasp, a lacewing and a ladybug18.
• ຈາກການສຶກສາຂອງ International Organization for Biological Control ພົບວ່າ ສານ
ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ຂ້າ ຫຼື ທໍາລາຍສັດທີ່ເປັນປະໂຫຽດເຖີງ 50% - ໂຕຫໍ່າ, ແມງອີ່ເຕົ່າ ແລະແມງໄມ້
ກີນສັດອື່ນ.
• Repeated applications of glyphosate significantly affected the growth and survival of
earthworms19 . Studies have also shown that glyphosate, and in particular the inert
ingredients in the formulation of RoundupTM are acutely toxic to fish20.
• ການນໍາໃຊ້ ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ຊໍ້າກັນຫຼາຍຄັ້ງ ມີຜົນກະທົບເຖີງ ການເຕີບໂຕຂອງຂີ້ກະເດືອນ
ແລະການຢູ່ລອດ. ການສຶກສາຍັງສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ສານ ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ແລະສວ່ນປະກອບ
ຂອງຜະລິດຕະພັນເລົ່ານີ້ ມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ສັດນໍ້າ (ປາ)
17. GLYPHOSATE ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ
ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ມະນຸດ
Assistant Professor of Biology Rick Relyea at the University of
Pittsburgh, 2005
• Glyphosate herbicides can have a range of impacts on human health,
including genetic damage, skin tumours, thyroid damage, anaemia,
headaches, nose bleeds, dizziness, tiredness, nausea, eye and skin
irritation, asthma and breathing difficulties.
• ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ສາມາດສ້າງຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ສຸກຂຸພາບ ມະນຸດໄດ້ໃນຫຼາຍຮູບການ, ເຊັ່ນ
ພັນທຸກໍາຖືກທໍາລາຍ, ມະເລັງຜິວໜັງ, ຕ່ອມ thyroid ຖືກທໍາລາຍ, ໂລຫິດຈາງ, ປວດຫົວ,
ເລືອດດັ່ງອອກ, ວີນວຽນ, ເມື່ອຍລ້າຍ, ປວດຮາກ, ແສບຕາ ແລະຜີວໜັງ, ຂື້ຫືດ ແລະ
ຫາຍໃຈລໍາບາກ.
• Several studies have indicated a link between glyphosate herbicides and
non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a type of cancer.
• ຫຼຼາຍໆ ການສຶກສາ ຊີ້ໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ຜົນພວງຈາກສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ກໍໃຫ້ເກີດ ມະເລັ່ງເມັດ
ເລືອດຂາວ
18. ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ GLYPHOSATE
• Impact Human ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ມະນຸດ 2008.
• A study done by David H. Monroe, an Industrial and Environmental Toxicologist, on
glycophosate products produced by Monsanto revealed contamination with 1,4 diaxane at
350 parts per million. 1,4-doxane is carcinogenic (cancer causing), and known to damage the
liver, kidneys, brain and lungs. A 1980 report by the EPA noted the following symptoms from
glycophosate exposure: bronchial constriction, pleuritic chest pain, nasal congestion, blurred
vision, corneal erosion, conjunctivitis, contact dermatitis, headaches, nausea, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, irritability, excessive sweating, vertigo, malaise, swelling of extremities and
nervous system disorders
• ການສຶກສາຂອງ David H. Monroe, an Industrial and Environmental
Toxicologist ກ່ຽກັບສານ ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜະລິດຕະພັນຂອງ Monsanto 1,4
diaxane at 350 ppm parts per million ທເປົນເປື້ອນ ໃນອາຫານ, ນ ສາມາດກ
ເກີດມະເລັງໄດ, ນອກນນຍັງເຮັດໃຫຕັບ, ໄຂຫຼັງ, ສະໜອງ ແລະປອດເສັຽຫາຍ. ໃນ
ປີ 1980 ອົງການປົກປອງສງແວດລອມ EPA ໃດລາຍງານຜົນການວິໃຈວາ ຜູຖືກ
ສານ glycophosate bronchial constriction, pleuritic chest pain, nasal
congestion, blurred vision, corneal erosion, conjunctivitis, contact
dermatitis, headaches, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, irritability,
excessive sweating, vertigo, malaise, swelling of extremities and nervous
system disorders
19. ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ GLYPHOSATE
• Impact Human ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ມະນຸດ By Dr. Rick Magly
• According to the EPA, there have been reports of central nervous
system damage after exposure to Round-Up including: visual, hearing,
taste, and smell disturbances; balance disorders; muscle twitches;
seizures, paralysis, peripheral neuropathy; loss of motor skills and
digestive problems. The active ingredients in Round-Up include
Isopropylamine salt of glycophosate. Innert ingredients include
Polyoxyethylene alkylamine.
• ອີງໃສ່ການລາຍງານຂອງ ອົງການປົກປ້ອງສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ EPA, ໄດ້ລາຍງານວ່າ ຜູ້ປ່ວຍ
ທີ່ຖືກສານ ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ຫຼື Round-Up ລະບົບສູນກາງປະສາດຖືກທໍາລາຍ ມີບັນຫາດັ່ງນີ້
: ບັນຫາທາງສາຍຕາ, ລະບົບຟັງສຽງ, ລະບົບຊີມລົດ ແລະດົມກິ່ນ. ມີບັນຫາຕໍ່ການສົມ
ດູນ ເຊັ່ນ ເກິດການສັບສົນ, ກ້າມເນື້ອກະຕຸກ, ເປັນລົມ, ອໍາມະພາດ, ລະບົບປະສາດ
ພາຍນອກພິການ, ສູນເສັຽຄວາມທ່ຽງໃນການຂັບຂີ່ລັດຈັກ, ແລະລະບົບລະລາຍມີ
ບັນຫາ. ຍ້ອນປະຕິກີລິຍາ ການອອກລິດ ຂອງສານປະກອບ ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ ຫຼື Round-Up
ມີສ່ວນປະກອບຂອງ Isopropylamine salt of glycophosate ແລະສານເຄມີຕົ້ນຕໍ
ປະກອບດ້ວຍ Polyoxyethylene alkylamine.
20. ສານໄກຼໂຟເຊດ GLYPHOSATE
Alternatives to Glyphosate ທາງເລືອກຂອງການຢຸດໃຊ້ ສານ ໄກຼໂຟເຊດ:
Integrated Weed Management (IWM)
ການຈັດການ ວັດສະພຶດແບບປະສົມປະສານ
A good IWM program combines monitoring, proper landscape design,
mulching, mechanical and cultural methods, and includes the use of heat,
herbicidal soaps, and corn gluten meal.
ການຈັດການວັດສະພືດແບບປະສົມປະສານທີ່ດີ ການຕິດຕາມ ການອອກແບບ ທັດສະນິຍະ
ພາບຢ່າງເໝາະສົມ, ການໃຊ້ຫ້ຽາ ຊາກວັດສະພຶດ ແລະວິທີການໃນການປູກ, ລວມທັງການ
ໃຊ້ຄວາມຮ້ອນຂ້າຫ້ຽ້າ , ໃຊ້ສະບູຂ້າຫ້ຽາ ແລະກາວສາລີ.
Biological control of weeds, using beneficial insects or pathogens is also an
excellent approach.
ການຄວບຄຸມວັດສະພືດແບບຊີວະພາກ, ການນໍາໃຊ້ແມງໄມ້ທີ່ເປັນປະໂຫຽດ ຫຼື ເຊື້ອ້ຣາ ຫຼື
ເຫັດ ນັ້ນແມ່ນທາງເລືອກທີ່ແທດເມາະທີ່ສຸດ.
22. ບ່ອນອ້າງອີງຂໍ້ມູນ
Glyphosate Chemical Watch Fact Sheet Reference
1. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage:
1996 and 1997 Market Estimates. EPA-733-R-99-001. p. 21, Table 8. <http://
www.epa.gov/oppbead1/pestsales/97pestsales/97pestsales.pdf>
2. lbid. p. 22, Table 9.
3. Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides. 1998. “Herbicide Factsheet:
Glyphosate (Roundup).” Journal of Pesticide Reform 18(3):4.
4. Environmental Protection Agency. 1993. Glyphosate Reregistration Eligibility
Decision. p. viii. <http://www.epa.gov/REDs/old_reds/glyphosate.pdf>
5. Ibid.
6. Pesticide Action Network. 1997. Glyphosate fact sheet. For more information
about glyphosate visit <http://data.pesticideinfo.org/4DAction/GetRecord/PC33138>
7. NCAP. 1998. p. 5.
8. EPA. 1993.
9. California Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program Report – 1998. Table 4.
<http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/dprdocs/pisp/1998pisp.htm>
10. NCAP. 1998. p. 5, Table 1.
11. EPA. 1993.
12. Ibid.
13. NCAP. 1998. Citing EPA OPPTS, 1991, Second Peer Review of Glyphosate.
Memo from W. Dykstra and G.Z. Ghali, HED to R. Taylor, Registration Division
and L. Rossi, Special Review and Reregistration Division.
23. ບ່ອນອ້າງອີງຂໍ້ມູນ (ຕໍ່)
Glyphosate Chemical Watch Fact Sheet Reference (Continue)
14. EPA. 1993.
15. Extension Toxicology Network. 1996. Pesticide Information Profiles:
Glyphosate. <http://ace.orst.edu/cgi-bin/mfs/01/pips/glyphosa.htm>
16. Ibid.
17. NCAP. 1998. pp. 11-13.
18. Ibid. p. 11. Citing Hassan, S.A. et al. 1988. Results of the fourth joint pesticide
testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS-Working Group “Pesticides
and Beneficial Organisms.” J. Appl. Ent. 105: 321-329.
19. Ibid. Citing Springett, J.A. and R.A.J. Gray. 1992. “Effect of repeated low
doses of biocides on the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa in laboratory culture.” Soil Biol. Biochem.
24(12): 1739-1744.
20. Ibid. p. 12. Citing Folmar, L.C., H.O. Sanders, and A.M. Julin. 1979. “Toxicity
of the herbicide glyphosate and several of its formulations to fish and
aquatic invertebrates.” Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 8: 269-278.
24. ບ່ອນອ້າງອີງຂໍ້ມູນ (ຕໍ່)
Glyphosate Chemical Watch Fact Sheet Reference (Continue)
E X T O X N E T
Extension Toxicology Network
Pesticide Information Profiles
A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension
Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University, the
University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis
and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan
State University. Major support and funding was provided
by the USDA/Extension Service/National Agricultural
Pesticide Impact Assessment Program.
EXTOXNET primary files maintained and archived at Oregon
State University, Revised June 1996