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BioGeoChemical Cycles
- 1. BY: Jo Hanna D. Mendoza
- 2. From the Greek word “BIOS” meaning life It refers to living organisms participating in the cycles “GEO” meaning Earth It refers to the non-living component that serve as a reservoir or storage compartment of the nutrients Greek word “CHEMEIA” meaning alchemy It refers to the chemical elements and processes involved in the systemGreek word “KYKLOS” meaning circle or wheel Describes the movement of chemical elements between organisms (biotic) of the Biosphere and non-living compartments (abiotic) of Atmosphere, Lithosphere and Hydrosphere
- 3. The elements are recycled, although in some cycles there may be places (called reservoirs) where the element is accumulated or held for a long period of time. COAL - Carbon OIL –Alkali Metals PEAT – Carbon Dioxide
- 4. • When chemicals are held for only short periods of time, they are being held in exchange pools. • The amount of time that a chemical is held in one place is called its residence.
- 5. Living Organisms Available Inorganic Nutrients Indirectly Available Inorganic Nutrients Organic Detritus Indirectly Available Organic Nutrients Assimilation and Production Weathering erosion biological fixation Respiration (C, H, O) Leaching & excretion (Ca, Na, K, P) Death Excretion Burning leaching (Ca, Na, K) & Decomposition Detritus Feeding Erosion Peat, Coal & Oil Formation Burning Precipitation Sedimentation C B A E D Autotrophs (C, N, O, P, S) Heterotrophs (Na, K, Ca)
- 6. THE ELEMENTS
- 7. What is Carbon? What is the Carbon Cycle?
- 8. Carbon is found all over the Earth. It is an element. It is in the air, in the ocean, in the Earth’s crust. If carbon is mixed with other elements you get; limestone, chalk, marble, coal, gas, alcohol, sugars, fats, and even medicines. The black stuff in your pencil, graphite, is carbon. Diamonds are 100% pure carbon. Your body even contains carbon, the same stuff from which diamonds are made! Carbon is inside of us, outside of us, and right now you are breathing out carbon (in the form of a gas: carbon dioxide). Carbon is everywhere.
- 9. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a gas found in our atmosphere (the air surrounding the Earth). It is colorless and odorless.CO2 helps insulate the Earth and keep our atmosphere at just the right temperature for life to exist.
- 10. Plants get carbon by taking carbon dioxide out of the air or water. All green plants breathe, except they breathe in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Using the suns energy, the leaves of green plants take in the carbon dioxide from the air. The roots take in water. This makes food for the plant. The plant puts out oxygen. This is called photosynthesis.
- 12. Over millions of years the decaying plants and animals became oil, coal, and natural gas. We call these fossil fuels. We drill, dig, and pump these fuels out of the earth to use them for powering things that need energy.
- 16. Nitrogen (N) is an essential component of DNA, RNA, and Proteins All organisms require nitrogen to live and grow N2 → NH4+
- 17. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen fixation N2 → NH4+ Nitrogen uptake NH4+ → Organic N Nitrogen mineralization Organic N → NH4+ Nitrification NH4+ → NO3- Denitrification NO3- → N2+ N2O
- 18. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Fixation Atmospheric Nitrogen Denitrifcation
- 19. fertilizers fossil fuels Agricultural production smog acid rain climate change
- 21. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE BY: ABEGAIL B. POLO
- 22. PHOSPHORUS • A mineral found mostly in foods like beans, nuts, dairy products, fish, chicken and other meats. • Its primary function in the human body is building and strengthening bones and teeth • Aids in the function of the heart, muscles, nerves and kidneys, as well as helping the body store energy and maintain healthy cells and tissue.
- 23. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Over time, rain and weathering cause rocks to release phosphate ions and other minerals. This inorganic phosphate is then distributed in soils and water.
- 25. Plants take up inorganic phosphate from the soil. The plants may then be consumed by animals. Once in the plant or animal, the phosphate is incorporated into organic molecules such as DNA. When the plant or animal dies, it decays, and the organic phosphate is returned to the soil.
- 27. Within the soil, organic forms of phosphate can be made available to plants by bacteria that break down organic matter to inorganic forms of phosphorus. This process is known as mineralization.
- 29. Phosphorus in soil can end up in waterways and eventually oceans. Once there, it can be incorporated into sediments over time.
- 32. Rea Nicole S. Locsin
- 33. What is Sulfur? A brittle, yellow, tasteless, and odorless non-metallic element. One of the major nutrients required by living organisms. It comprises many vitamins, proteins, and hormones that play critical roles in both climate and in the health of various ecosystems.
- 34. The majority of the Earth’s sulfur is stored underground in rocks and minerals, including as sulfate salts buried deep within ocean sediments. Used for things such as fertilizers, matches, and insecticides. Sulfur is cycled in the atmospheric and lithospheric phases of similar magnitude.
- 35. There are three ways by which sulfur is released to the atmosphere. These natural processes are the formation of sea- spray aerosols, volcanic activity, and anaerobic respiration by some species of bacteria.
- 37. Sulfur is released in reduced form, particularly hydrogen sulfide from waterlogged and marsh communities and from marine communities. Sulfur is oxidized to sulfate in the atmosphere and it returns to earth as wetfall or dryfall. In the lithosphere phase, weathering contributes to the major flux of sulfur draining of land into rivers and lakes. The rest is derived from the atmosphere.
- 38. Sulfur is essential to plant growth. However, it has to be converted to sulfate before the plants can utilize them. Once taken up by pants, it is incorporated into the biomass and becomes available to herbivores. Microorganisms will decompose plant litters and the plants will again absorb sulfate.
- 39. Essential steps of sulfur cycle:1. Mineralization of organic sulfur to the inorganic form, hydrogen sulfide. (H2S) 2. Oxidation of sulfide and elemental sulfur (S) and related compounds to sulfate (S4 2-) 3. Reduction of sulfate to sulfide. 4. Microbial immobilization of the sulfur compounds and subsequent incorporation into the organic form of the sulfur.
- 40. Effects of Sulfur on NatureNatural weathering of rocks, landforms, etc. Volcanoes release large amounts of sulfur dioxide gas SO2 into the atmosphere. SO2 gas can react chemically with oxygen, dust particles and water to form volcanic smog.
- 41. Human Impact on Sulfur CycleBurning of fossil fuels from factories and automobiles releases SO2 into the atmosphere. SO2 combines with water in clouds which creates acid rain (H2SO4) Acid rain slowly erodes structures, both natural and man made.
- 42. THANK YOU!!
Notes de l'éditeur
- Photosynthesis is the process wherein plants convert Light Energy, CO2 and Water into energy(carbohydrates)