Breaking the Kubernetes Kill Chain: Host Path Mount
BMP maintenance
1. Stormwater BMP Maintenance
Importance
• Maintain the function of the BMP
• Maintain environmental and habitat
benefits
• Maintain appearance-public acceptance
• Prevent costly future repairs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
2. Developing a Maintenance Strategy
Facility Inventory
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•
•
•
Obtain maintenance plan
and design documents
Visit the site to review
conditions, access
Contact the local
governmental jurisdiction
Several communities in
JOCO now require an
establishment and
maintenance plan to be
recorded with the county
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
3. Developing a Maintenance Strategy
Work Plan
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•
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Review facility inventory
Review maintenance guides
Create a list of activities,
equipment needed and cost
Review plan with owner and local
governmental officials
Modify or create checklist and
record keeping procedures
Assign and educate personnel
Implementation and evaluation
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
4. Inspections
Frequency and Type
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•
Construction process
BMP age
BMP type
BMP condition
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•
•
BMP design
Plant type and species
Upstream conditions
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
5. Regular Inspections
Frequency
Immediately after planting
Weeds and invasive species a
few months after planting
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•
•
•
•
Weekly during establishment period
Weekly/monthly after establishment period
Complete when doing regular site maintenance
Some inspections should occur during rainfall
Some inspections should occur 24 hours after rainfall
After establishment period
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
During rain event
6. Regular Inspections
Location
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•
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Upstream Parking Lots & Paved Areas
Upstream Unpaved Areas
Forebays
Main Treatment Area
Storm Sewer Pipes and Structures
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
7. Regular Inspections
Visual Assessment
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•
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•
•
Trash and debris
Sediment accumulation
Bare soil and erosion
Plant coverage
Plant health
Sediment accumulation
Trash and debris
Plant coverage
Plant Health
Erosion
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
8. Regular Inspections
Visual Assessment
•
•
•
•
Soil moisture and percolation
Weeds and invasive species
Animal and insect damage
Mulch condition
Soil percolation
Weeds and invasive species
2 months after planting
Animal damage
Mulch
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
9. Periodic Inspections
Frequency
• Annually or as needed
• Increase frequency to monitor
identified potential problems
• During drought
• During storm events
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
10. Periodic Inspections
Visual Assessment
•
•
•
Storm sewer pipe and structure
condition
Dam, embankment, overflow
weir condition
Stormwater Flow
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
11. Periodic Inspections
Testing and Surveys
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•
•
•
•
Soil testing
Soil profile
Stormwater flow
Detention volume
Water testing
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
12. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Soil Stabilization
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•
•
Establishment Period
Management Period
Repairs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
13. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Clean Up – Trash and Debris
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•
•
•
Location
Equipment
Frequency
Disposal
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
14. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Clean Up – Sediment Removal
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•
•
•
•
•
Location (Upstream, Forebay,
Structures, Ponding & Treatment
Area)
Equipment
Method (Avoid heavy equipment
of select soils)
Frequency
Disposal
Amount (All or partial)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
15. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Plant Density
Year 1
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•
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•
Year 2
Facility age
Plant loss
Season
Plant spacing
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Year 4
16. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –General
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•
•
•
Importance
Frequency
Environmentally sensitive practices
Plant identification-use photo guides
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
17. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –By Hand
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•
•
•
Method
Frequency
Weed species knowledge
Clean Up (removal of Biomass)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
18. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –Mowing
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•
•
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Equipment
Method
Height
Frequency
Edging
Clean Up (removal of Biomass)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
19. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –Edging & Trimming
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•
•
•
•
Purpose
Equipment
Method
Frequency
Clean Up (removal of
Biomass)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
20. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –Burning
•
•
•
•
Benefits
Local regulations
Method (Spot and Large Area)
Frequency
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
21. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –Chemical
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•
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Integrated Chemical Management
Product Selection
Timing
Method/Application
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
22. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Aquatic Species Removal
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•
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Cattails
Reed Canary Grass
Algae
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
23. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Woody Species Removal
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•
•
•
Location
Equipment
Method
Frequency
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
24. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Plant Maintenance
• Aesthetic Goals
• Frequency
• Plant Characteristics
• Watering
• Replacements
• Disease
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
25. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Soil Amendments
•
•
•
•
•
Type (Organic vs Inorganic
Composition
Frequency
Application Rate
Adjacent Areas
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
26. Regular Maintenance Procedures
Pest Management
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•
Animal damage
Insects
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
27. Stormwater BMP Maintenance
Resources
•
APWA MARC Maunal of Best Management Practices for Stormwater Quality, Mid America Regional Council, August
2009
•
“Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional
Commission, January 2007
•
“Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public Utilities,
2005
•
“Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009
•
“A Citizen’s Guide to Maintaining Stormwater Best Management Practices”, Lake County Stormwater Management
Commission, October 2004
•
“Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009
•
Stormwater BMPs Selection, Maintenance & Monitoring, Gordon England and Stuart Stein, July 2007
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
29. Plant Maintenance for BMPs
Jason Dremsa- Applied Ecological Services
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
30. Overview
• Updates to the BMP Manual Maintenance
Tables
• First Year establishment Priorities
• Second & Third Year Establishment Priorities
• Continuing Maintenance Issues
• Resources for Maintenance (BMP Manual)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
32. Activity
Frequency
Establishment (1-3yrs)
Watering plants
(seeded areas up to 8 weeks, plugs and container plants in drought )
Weed control
(flail mow, string-trim, selective/preemerg herbicides, mechanical removal , foliar herbicide)
Remove litter and debris
(trash, leaves, sand, mower discharge)
Monitor & repair erosion
(stabilize soil, replace plants, secure edging)
Check for standing water
(longer than design, any puddles, saturated soil)
Add mulch
(moisture & weed control with plugs/containers, 3” or less)
Inspect drainage area
(parking lot sweeping, open dumpsters, etc)
Replace dead plants
(use design species/size: overseed, install deep cell plugs, maintain density)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
1” per week as
needed
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Annually
Annually
Annually, as needed
33. Activity
Frequency
Establishment (3yrs+)
Vegetation cleanup
(string-trim, spot spray, prescribed burn, prune)
Evaluate plant composition
(woody invasion, grass/flower ratio, “right plant right place”)
Sediment removal, erosion control
(pretreatment structures: forebay, check dams, swale)
Address animal damage
(beaver dams, muskrat burrows, deer rubs)
Verify structural component function
(v-notch weir, check dams, outlet protection, area inlet, valve or gate lube, underdrain, inflows)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Annually, spring or fall
Annually
Annually
Annually
Annually
34. Activity
Frequency
Native Vegetation Swale
String trim vegetation to minimize disturbance
Annually
Inspect for erosion in flow lines and slopes
Annually
Bioretention cell
Evaluate soils for nutrients, physical make-up
Annually
Fortify edging material/adjacent landscape beds
Annually
Typical maintenance activities are outlined to provide a basis for scheduling and
planning work but should not be considered wholly comprehensive or definitive.
Activities and frequencies will vary depending on site conditions and expectations
related to adjacent land use. Some activities shown may continue through the
establishment and maintenance phases. It’s important to use adaptive
management based on the goals of the practice and to integrate evaluation and
assessment into a long-term maintenance plan.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
35. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Erosion Control:
• Rills
• Gullies
Sheet Flow or Concentrated?
Annual Weeds: ID, removal, examples…
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
36. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual weeds –
Definition:
• Annual plants complete their life cycle in one
year.
• A weed is a plant out of place.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
37. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Removing Annual weeds
• Annual weeds should be cut or broken off at
the base to limit soil disturbance; disturbance
after planting can lead to erosion and more
weeds.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
38. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Common Annual Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)
List:
•ANNUAL BROAD LEAF WEEDS :
•common sunflower
•mares tail
•giant ragweed
•common ragweed
•cocklebur
•lambs quarter
•prickly lettuce
•pigweed
•velvet leaf
•hedge parsely
•ANNUAL GRASS
WEEDS:
•fox tail (green,
yellow, & giant)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
39. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
common sunflower Helianthus annuus
•2 to 10 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated land,
pastures, and
BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
40. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
mares tail Conyza canadensis
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
pastures,
roadsides, and
BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
41. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida
•12 to 18 feet
tall on fertile,
moist soils; 4 to
8 feet in less
fertile, drier
areas
•Found mostly on
fertile, moist
soils, especially
bottomlands
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
42. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia
•1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in old
pastures, BMPs,
roadsides, and
cultivated land
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
43. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
cocklebur Xanthium strumarium
•2 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated fields,
abandoned land,
poor pastures,
and roadsides
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
44. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
lambs quarter Chenopodium album
•3 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated crops
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
45. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola
•2 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
roadsides,
fence rows,
and BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
46. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus
•up to 6 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated fields,
yards, fence
rows, and BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
47. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
velvet leaf Abutilon theophrasti
•often 6 to 8 feet tall
•Found principally
in soybean and
corn fields but
occasionally in
gardens, and along
fence rows
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
48. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
hedge parsely
•1-3 feet tall
•Found in BMPs,
edges of woods,
and low shady
places
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
49. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual Grass Weed Control :
fox tail (green, yellow, giant) Setaria spp.
•Typically 1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in cultivated
crops, gardens, turf
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
50. Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
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•
•
•
•
Replacement Planting
Inlet, forebay, repair/cleaning
On-going Erosion Problem
Other Issues
Hydrology
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
51. Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Biennial weeds–
• A plant out of place that normally requires two
seasons to complete its life cycle, growing usually
as a rosette in the first season and producing
flowers and fruits and then dying in the second
season.
Perennial weeds –
• A plant out of place that lives for more than two
years, retuning from their root-stock; rather than
seeding themselves as an annual plant does.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
52. Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
• Removing Biennial weeds:
Cut stalk before seed production, Pull (with out
disturbing soil) kill Rosette with herbicide.
• Removing Perennial weeds:
Spray with herbicide or Pull (with out disturbing
soil) and/or burn with prescribed fire (if
permitted).
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
53. Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Common Biennial & Perennial Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)
List:
•BIENNIAL WEEDS:
•PERENNIAL WEEDS:
•Queen Anne’s lace
•musk thistle
•Sweet clover?
•curly dock
•red clover
•white clover
•field bind weed
•johnsongrass -photo
•sericea lezpedeza photo
•reed canary grass
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
54. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
Queen Anne’s lace Daucus carota
•1 to 3 feet tall
•Found in
meadows,
pastures, and
roadsides; not
in cultivated
fields
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
55. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
musk thistle Carduus nutans
•Noxious Weed
•3 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
pastures,
meadows, and
BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
56. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
curley dock Rumex crispus
•1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
pastures,
roadsides, new
hay fields, and
BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
57. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
red clover Trifolium pratense
•1 -3 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed sites
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
58. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
white clover Trifolium repens
•Up to .5 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed sites
and lawns
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
59. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
field bind weed Convolvulus arvensis
•Noxious Weed
•2 to 7 feet long,
twining or
spreading over
ground
•Able to persist and
spread in all
noncultivated areas
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
60. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
serecia lezpedeza Lespedeza cuneata
•Noxious Weed
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed prairies,
pastures, and
along road sides
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
61. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Perennial Grass Weed Control :
reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea
•Noxious weed
•2-6 feet tall
•Moderate
moisture,
moist, to wet;
shores,
marshes
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
62. Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Perennial Grass Weed Control :
johngrass Sorghum holepense
•Noxious weed
•1-1/2 to 6 feet or
•more tall
•Found in
overflow
bottoms and
disturbed sites
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
63. Resources for Maintenance of
Stormwater Management BMPs
•
“Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional
Commission, January 2007
•
“Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public Utilities,
2005
•
“Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009
•
“Georgia Stormwater Management Manual, Volume 2: Technical Handbook”, August 2001, Appendix E & F
•
“Missouri Pond Handbook”, Missouri Dept of Conservation 2008
•
“Aquatic Plants and Their Control”, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative
Extension Service 2005
•
“Horticulture Report: Buffalo Grass Lawns” (MF 658), Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and
Cooperative Extensive Service, Sept 2001
•
“Stormwater Treatment: Assessment and Maintenance”, University of Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Laboratory
2010 (http://stormwaterbook.safl.umn.edu/)
•
“Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013