1. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
(THE POWER OF HEAT RIGHT UNDER OUR FEET)
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
The power of Heat Right Under Your Feet

2. Outlines
 Introduction
 Geothermal Reservoirs
 Extraction & Uses of Geothermal energy
 Electricity Generation
 Cost
 Geothermal energy in India
 Pros & Cons
 Conclusion
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3. Introduction
 What is Geothermal Energy ?
 It’s simply the heat energy of the Earth,
 Generated by various natural process,
 Such as :
 1. Heat from when the planet formed and
 which has not yet been lost.
 2. Decay of radioactive Elements.
 3. Friction.
The deeper you go, Hotter it is !!!
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4. Geothermal Reservoirs
 Reservoirs can be suspected in the area where we find :-
 Geyser
 Boiling Mud Point
 Volcano
 Hot Springs
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5. Geothermal Reservoirs (Cont.)
The rising hot water & steam is trapped
in permeable & porous rocks to form a
Geothermal Reservoirs.
Reservoirs can be discovered by
 Testing the soil
 Analyzing underground
Temperature
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6. Extraction & Uses
 The heat energy can be brought to earth surface by following ways..
 Directly from hot springs/ geysers
 Geothermal Heat Pump
 Uses are broadly classified as :-
 Direct use
 Indirect use
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7. Direct use of Geothermal Energy
 Hot springs use as spas.
 Heating water at fish farm.
 Provide heat for buildings.
 Raising plants for greenhouses,
drying crops.
 Provides heat to Industrial
process.
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8. Indirect use of Geothermal Energy
 Electricity Generation :
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9. Electricity Generation (Cont.)
 There are three types of Power Plant :-
 Dry steam power plant
 Flash steam power plant
 Binary cycle power plant
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10. Dry steam power plant
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11. Dry steam power plant (Cont.)
 The oldest type of Geothermal power plant used since 1904.
 Geothermal Reservoir containing pure steam is required.
 Pure dry Steam drives turbine.
 Use steam piped directly from a geothermal reservoir to turn the generator
turbines.
 Very rare type of Geothermal power plant.
 Operating at California, Italy & Japan.
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12. Flash steam power plant
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13. Flash steam power plant (Cont.)
 Commonly used Geothermal power plant.
 Take high-pressure hot water from deep inside the earth and convert it to
steam to drive the generator turbines.
 When the steam cools, it condenses to water and is injected back into the ground
to be used over and over again.
 Geothermal reservoirs containing both hot water & steam is required.
 Pressure changing system is required.
 Operating at Hawaii, Nevada, Utah & some other places.
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14. Binary cycle power plant
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15. Binary cycle power plant (Cont.)
 Transfer the heat from geothermal hot water to another liquid. The heat causes the
second liquid to turn to steam which is used to drive a generator turbine.
 Only the ground water is used.
 Vaporized hydrocarbons are used to spin the turbines.
 Hydrocarbons having lower boiling point such as isopentane, isobutane and
propane can be used.
 No harmful gases are emitted to the atmosphere because the underground water is
never disclosed outside.
 This’s the worldwide accepted power plant.
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16. Installation for Household Purposes
 Formula
Indoor Portion + Underground Loop Field = Total System Cost
 The inside portion is composed of the price of the geothermal
heat pump, its installation, and possible duct work modification.
 The Underground Loop Field involves drilling (or sometimes
excavating) and materials. This is usually done by a well driller.
The loop field is approximately 50% of the total cost, although
many factors effect this generalization.
 For the particular situation the variables are considered :
Size of the Home/Building
Size of the heat pump
Size of the loop field
Usability of current duct work
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17. Cost
 Direct use of geothermal energy is absolutely cheaper than other energy
sources.
 Cost of electricity generation depends upon certain factors:
 Temperature and depth of resource
 Type of resource (steam, liquid ,mix etc)
 Available volume of resource
 Size and Technology of plant
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18. Cost
 The initial investment is high.
 But after certain time period, the cost of electricity becomes comparable to other
resources of energy.
 US $0.05 to $0.08 (Rs. 3.40 to Rs. 5.43) per KWh.
 Once the capital cost is recovered, the price can decrease to below US $0.05 (Rs.
3.40 ) per KWh.
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19. Geothermal energy in India
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20. Geothermal Energy in India (Cont.)
 Geothermal provinces are estimated to produce 10,600 MW of power (experts are
confident only to the extent of100 MW)
 Geothermal provinces in India : Himalayas, Sohana, West coast, Cambay, Son-
Narmada-tapi, Godavari &Mahanadi
 Reykjavik Geothermal will assist thermax to setup a pilot project in Puga Valley,
Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir)
 India Plans to build its first geothermal power plants are underway. Indian states
Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are the first of many to
announce interest in developing the BRIC country's first geothermal energy plant,
with power capacity in the range of 3MW to 5MW.
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21. Pro’s
 Geothermal energy is generally considered environmentally friendly and does not cause significant amounts of
pollution.
 Geothermal reservoirs are naturally replenished and therefore renewable (it is not possible to exhaust the
resources).
 Massive potential – upper estimates show a worldwide potential of 2 terawatts (TW).
 Excellent for meeting the base load energy demand (as opposed to other renewable’s such as wind and
solar).
 Great for heating and cooling – even small households can benefit.
 Harnessing geothermal energy does not involve any fuels, which means less cost fluctuations and stable
electricity prices.
 Geothermal energy is available everywhere, although only some resources are profitably exploitable.
 Recent technological advancements (e.g. enhanced geothermal systems) have made more resources
exploitable and lowered costs.
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22. Con’s
 There are some minor environmental issues associated with geothermal power.
 Geothermal power plants can in extreme cases cause earthquakes.
 There are heavy upfront costs associated with both geothermal power plants and
geothermal heating/cooling systems.
 Very location specific (most resources are simply not cost-competitive).
 Geothermal power is only sustainable (renewable) if the reservoirs are properly
managed.
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23. Conclusion
 Geothermal heating system can replace fossil fuel heating system in a particular
area.
 Annual cost for common heating purpose can be reduced by more than 60 %
 Continued energy shortages have created added interest in geothermal energy
for power generation.
 Potential exists to provide all energy requirement of the world.
 Geothermal Energy appears to be a partial solution to our energy needs.
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24. Thank You
PPT. By
Darryl Dmello
Mohammed Afzal Shaikh
Danish Rauf Shaikh
Vikrant Gupta
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