Blockchain & Crytocurrency. May 19th 2018. Data Driven Innovation 2018. Engineering Department, University of Roma Tre

1. Massimo Chiriatti
IBM Italy
massimo_chiriatti@it.ibm.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/massimochiriatti/
@massimochi
Blockchain

2. LA MONETA È INFORMAZIONE
• UNITÀ DI CONTO (MISURARE)
• MEZZO DI PAGAMENTO (SCAMBIARE)
• RISERVA DI VALORE (CONSERVARE VALORE NEL TEMPO)
TUTTE INFORMAZIONI TENUTE INSIEME DA UN UNICO REGISTRO.

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. Soluzione al problema della doppia spesa
1. Quando il numero di partecipanti è sufficiente?
2. Cosa succede se Alice crea miliardi di identità fittizie che
comunicano sia a Bob sia a Charlie che la transazione è valida?
La soluzione è apparentemente contro‐intuitiva ma elegante ed è in
realtà la combinazione di due idee:
1. Rendere (artificialmente) costoso, dal punto di vista
computazionale, validare le transazioni.
2. Premiare i partecipanti che validano le transazioni.

7. 7

8. Offerta di moneta

9. 9
“bitcoin”
SCARSI  Non si possono creare a piacimento
DURATURI  Non deperiscono
PORTABILI  Non materiali, sono digitali
DIVISIBILI  In miliardesimi
VERIFICABILI  Attraverso la blockchain
FACILI DA CONSERVARE  La banca sei tu
FUNGIBILI  Ogni bitcoin è quasi uguale all’altro
ANTI‐CONTRAFFAZIONE  Grazie alla crittografia

10. 10https://www.scribd.com/document/354688866/Bitcoin‐A‐5‐8‐Million‐Valuation‐Crypto‐Currency‐and‐A‐New‐Era‐of‐Human‐Cooperation

11. 11
PSEUDOANONIMATO
Public key 0xa8fc93875a972ea
Signature 0xa87g14632d452cd
Public key 0xc7b2f68...

12. 12

14. 14
Una transazione finanziaria richiede:
(1)Una rete di partecipanti, persone o machine
(2) Un asset, fisico o digitale, che è trasferito tra i partecipanti
e (3) un processo di trasferimento, che definisce le procedure e gli obblighi.

15. 15
15
PARTECIPANTI, TRANSAZIONI & CONTRATTI
PARTECIPANTI – MEMBRI DI UNA RETE DI BUSINESS
Clienti, Fornitori, Regolatori, etc.
TRANSAZIONI – UN TRASFERIMENTO DI ASSET
Registrato in un database secondo gli accordi tra le parti.
CONTRATTI – ACCORDO TRA LE PARTI
Clausole, Condizioni, Foro, etc.

16. 16
16
TRASFERIRE UN ASSET, COSTRUIRE UN VALORE
Qualsiasi entità che può essere controllata o
posseduta per produrre valore è un asset.
Due fondamentali tipi di asset:
Tangibili, es. una casa
Intangibili, es. un mutuo
Gli intangibili si suddividono:
Finanziari, es. obbligazione
Intellettuali, es. brevetti
Digitali, es. musica

17. 17

18. 18

19. DECENTRALIZZAZIONE
•LA DECENTRALIZZAZIONE HA EFFETTI IMPORTANTI
SULLE TRANSAZIONI, PER ESEMPIO, SU:
•– (PSEUDO)ANONIMATO, SE NESSUNO CONOSCE
L’IDENTITÀ ANAGRAFICA DELLE PARTI;
•– PRIVACY, NEL SENSO CHE NESSUNO SA COSA SI È
ACQUISTATO E A CHE PREZZO;
•– IRREVERSIBILITÀ, PER LA MANCANZA DI UN
ORGANO DI CONTROLLO E COMPENSAZIONE.

20. 20

21. PRIVATE
Permissionless
PUBLIC
Permissioned
Distributed Ledger TechnologyBlockchain
Layer: Network
Layer: Process
Layer: Data
WHAT
WHO
HOW

22. 22
SMART CONTRACT

23. 23

24. 24

25. 25

26. 26

27. 27
Massimo Chiriatti
http://massimochiriatti.nova100.ilsole24ore.com
massimo_chiriatti@it.ibm.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/massimochiriatti/
@massimochi

28. 28
What is Hyperledger Fabric
• Linux Foundation Hyperledger
– A collaborative effort created to advance cross-industry blockchain technologies for business
• Hyperledger Fabric
– An implementation of blockchain technology that is intended as a foundation for developing
blockchain applications
– Key technical features:
– A shared ledger and smart contracts implemented as “chaincode”
– Privacy and permissioning through membership services
– Modular architecture and flexible hosting options
• V1.0 released July 2017: contributions by 159 engineers from 27 organizations
– IBM is one of the contributors to Hyperledger Fabric

29. 29
Introducing the IBM Blockchain Platform
Hyperledger Composer
DeveloperTools
IBM Cloud
OperationalTools
GovernanceTools
Blockchain application
Hyperledger Fabric
IBM Blockchain Platform is a fully integrated enterprise-
ready blockchain platform designed to accelerate the
development, governance, and operation of a multi-
institution business network
– Developer tools that make use of Hyperledger
Composer to quickly build your blockchain application
– Hyperledger Fabric provides the ledger, which is
managed through a set of intuitive operational tools
– Governance tools for democratic management of
the business network
– Flexible deployment options, including a highly
secure and performant IBM Cloud environment
http://ibm.biz/Platform_Demo

30. 30
IBM model

31. 31
© 2017 IBM Corporation
… Consensus, provenance, immutability, finality

32. © 2017 IBM Corporation 32
Food Trust TM
What?
• Provide a trusted source of information and traceability to
improve transparency and efficiency across the food
network.
How?
• Shared ledger for storing digital compliance
documentation, test results and audit certificates
Benefits
• Reduce impact of food recalls through instant access to
end-to-end traceability data to verify history in the food
network and supply chain.
• Help to address the 1 in 10 people sickened and 400,000
fatalities WW which occur every year from food-born
illnesses.

33. © 2017 IBM Corporation 33
Global Digitized Trade
What?
Providing Trusted, Tamper-Proof, Cross-Border
Workflows for Digitized Trade Documents.
How?
Providing Shared Visibility and Shared State for
Container Ship
Benefits
Increase speed and transparency for cross
border transactions through real time access to
container events.
Reduced cost and increased efficiency through
paperless trade

34. © 2017 IBM Corporation 34
What?
• Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are a traditionally
underserved segment in the market, often without access to finance
options. According to the World Bank, 50 percent of SMEs don’t
have access to formal credit.
How?
• We.Trade (aka Digital Trade Chain (DTC)) Consortium consisting
of: Deutsche Bank, HSBC, KBC, Natixis, Rabobank, Santander,
Societe Generale and Unicredit, have selected IBM to build a new
blockchain network designed to simplify and facilitate domestic and
cross-border trade for SMEs in Europe.
Benefits
• Simplify trade finance by managing, tracking and securing
international trade transactions.
• Gain access to capital
• Increase overall trade transaction transparency
• Reduce risk
Trade Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises

35. © 2017 IBM Corporation 35
What?
• A universal rail for real-time clearing and settlement on
an integrated Blockchain network
How?
• Collaboration between IBM and technology partners
Stellar.org and KlickEx Group
• Initial participants include over 13 financial institutions
Benefits
• Clearing and settlement are performed on the same
network in near real time
• There is no pre-funding requirement
• Transactions are atomic and settled instantly by
exchange of a digital monetary asset
• Digital assets are also used as an intermediary bridge
for FX
BC Pagamenti – Payment Cross Border

36. © 2017 IBM Corporation
BC Nuovi Business Model – Car eWallet
36

37. © 2017 IBM Corporation
37
Principali Referenze nel Mondo

38. 38
Hyperledger Fabric V1 Architecture
Client
Application
SDK
(HFC)
Membership
Services
Peer
Endorser
Ledger
Committer
A
Chaincode B
!Events
Ordering-Service
O
O O
O

Fabric-CA

External-CA
Hyperledger Fabric Network
optionaloptional
Admin

39. 39
Hyperledger Fabric Consensus
Consensus is achieved using the following transaction flow:
EndorseEndorse OrderOrder ValidateValidate

40. 40
End-to-end lifecycle coverage
Develop Govern Operate
– Accelerated creation of
blockchain applications
– No-charge development and
test tools hosted on IBM
Cloud
– Based on popular
Hyperledger Composer
toolset
– Activate, customize and
change complete blockchain
business networks
– Secure democratic
governance across
organizations
– Implement rules for
authorizing network updates
– Connect, deploy and manage
blockchain peers with flexible
deployment options
– Production ready, secure and
scalable
– Based on Linux Foundation
Hyperledger Fabric V1

41. 41
IBM Blockchain Platform Sites
Toronto
London
Singapore
Sydney
Tokyo
Dallas
Frankfurt
São
Paolo
IBM Blockchain Platform
Enterprise plan is hosted in
multiple sites to help you satisfy
data residency requirements
More platform locations planned
Complemented by a set of IBM
Blockchain Garages to help you
get started with IBM Blockchain
Platform
Learn more at
www.ibm.com/blockchain
New York
Amsterdam
Montreal

42. 42
Further Hyperledger Fabric Information
• Project Home: https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric
• GitHub Repo: https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric
• Latest Docs: https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
• Community Chat: https://chat.hyperledger.org/channel/fabric
• Project Wiki: https://wiki.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric
• Design Docs: https://wiki.hyperledger.org/community/fabric-design-docs

43. 43
IBM Blockchain Platform Starter Plan
Live! Free beta.
• Enable fast start - preconfigured kick-starter default network for demos, POCs
and education
• Least expensive way to get IBM Blockchain Platform experience
• Prebuilt and supplied industry examples
• Environment to enable iterative development prior to production deployment
• Same experience as Enterprise, no scaling back functionality
https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/platform/
https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/getting‐started.html
https://www.ibm.com/blogs/think/2018/03/extending‐the‐blockchain/

44. 44
Linux Foundation Hyperledger Project:
https://www.hyperledger.org/
IBM Blockchain Homepage
www.ibm.com/blockchain
IBM IBV
https://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/thoughtleadership/blockchainlibrary.html
IBM Blockchain Platform incl. Starter Plan, Founders Handbook: www.ibm.com/blockchain/platform
Platform – getting started developer focus: www.ibm.com/blockchain/getting-started.html
IBM Food Trust: www.ibm.com/food
Solution Overview: www.ibm.com/blockchain/solutions/food-trust/overview
Tech Page: www.ibm.com/blockchain/solutions/food-trust/technology
Industry landing: www.ibm.com/blockchain/industries
FSS & Banking: www.ibm.com/blockchain/financial-services
Supply Chain: www.ibm.com/blockchain/supply-chain
Blockchain Main Links

45. 45
Blockchain Technical Concepts
Blockchain Explored
Peers are the networked
services that maintain ledger
state and run smart contracts
Smart contracts constitute the
transaction logic whose output is
agreed by the peer network
Consensus is the process by
which agreement is obtained
on the peer network
✓ ✓ ✓
Channels are defined
subsets of the peer network
that share a single ledger
Certificate authorities
provide identity services to
participants on the network
🔑 🔑
The Ordering Service agrees
transaction sequence and
distributes blocks to peers