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May 17, 2018
Samah GHALLOUSSI
Data Scientist, NLP
Enhancing medical student practice with patient-like chatbots
@DataXDay
Samah GHALLOUSSI
R&D Engineer - Artificial Intelligence / Data Science / NLP
Health Information Technology Specialist
Public Interest Entrepreneur
Data Scientist for the French Ministry of Health
@DataXDay
PLAN
● INTRODUCTION
● COMPARISON: 4 platforms for creating chatbots
❖ Dialogflow (Google)
❖ Watson Assistant (IBM)
❖ Wit.ai (Facebook)
❖ LUIS (Microsoft)
● CONCLUSION & DEMO
3
@DataXDay
INTRODUCTION
What is a chatbot ?
4
● Computer program
● Simulates human conversation through Artificial Intelligence
● How it works :
@DataXDay
INTRODUCTION
Context
5
Serious Game as a medical training tool :
● Virtual Reality
● Immersive environment
● Conversational Analysis
● Simulation of a patient in the emergency room
● Making a diagnosis through the medical interview
@DataXDay
COMPARISON
4 platforms for creating chatbots
6
@DataXDay
Dialogflow (formerly API.AI)
◊ Start-up Speaktoit created in 2010
◊ Acquired by Google in September 2016
◊ Renamed as Dialogflow in October 2017
◊ Machine Learning based solution
GOOGLE
7
@DataXDay
1. Operating mode :
GOOGLE : Dialogflow
Basic model of interaction
● Intents = matches what the user says with expected action
● Actions = steps to take when an intention is triggered
● Entities = parameters extracted to specify details
8
@DataXDay
2. Interface
GOOGLE : Dialogflow https://dialogflow.com/
Access with Google account
9
@DataXDay
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
GOOGLE : Dialogflow
❖ Easy to use
❖ High NLU quality
❖ Free Standard Edition
❖ Standard Edition Terms of Service (Enterprise Edition = $2 / 1000 request)
❖ No decision tree visible
❖ Intents modification one by one
10
Standard Edition : https://developers.google.com/terms/
Enterprise Edition : https://cloud.google.com/terms/
@DataXDay
Watson Assistant (formerly Conversation)
◊ Named after IBM's first CEO, Thomas J. Watson
◊ Question-answering computer system developed in IBM's DeepQA project
◊ Won in 2011 the quiz show “Jeopardy!”
◊ Machine-learning and rule-based system : pre-trained AI solution
IBM
11
@DataXDay
1. Operating mode :
12
IBM : Watson Assistant
3 types of artifacts
● Intents = goals expressed by the user
● Entities = relevant terms providing specific context
● Dialog = graphical representation in form of a decision tree
@DataXDay
2. Interface
IBM : Watson Assistant https://watson-assistant.ng.bluemix.net/
Access with Bluemix account
13
@DataXDay
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
❖ User friendly interface
❖ Decision tree : Simplifying dialog
❖ Data privacy
❖ Limited to 10,000 requests (then $2,5 /1000 requests)
❖ Too much reliance on defined entities
❖ Need NLP service integration to pre-process requests correctly
14
IBM : Watson Assistant
@DataXDay
WIT.AI
◊ Founded in 2013 with the goal of building "the Github of natural language"
◊ Acquired by Facebook in January 2015
◊ Rule based system
FACEBOOK
15
@DataXDay
1. Operating mode :
FACEBOOK : WIT.AI
Entity lookup strategies
● Trait = intents
● Keywords = named entities
● Free-text = expressions of non-categorized info
16
@DataXDay
2. Interface
FACEBOOK : WIT.AI
Access with Facebook or GitHub account
https://wit.ai/
17
@DataXDay
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
❖ Access via github account possible
❖ No connection limitation
❖ Totally free: commercial use too
❖ Access to all business data
❖ Limited predefined knowledge
❖ Difficult to understand
18
FACEBOOK : WIT.AI
@DataXDay
LUIS : Language Understanding Intelligent Service
◊ Microsoft Cognitive Services (Project Oxford)
◊ Machine learning-based service
◊ Reinforcement Learning based on Active Learning method
MICROSOFT
19
@DataXDay
1. Operating mode :
20
● Intents = goals to accomplish (actions deduced)
● Utterances = textual input to interpret (example sentences)
● Entities = important information to highlight (variables)
MICROSOFT : LUIS
3 main concepts
@DataXDay
2. Interface
MICROSOFT : LUIS https://www.luis.ai/
Access with Azure account
21
@DataXDay
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
❖ Importing utterances in text format
❖ Detailed results with confidence scores
❖ Transparency and data privacy policies
❖ Limited to 10 000 free requests / month (0,633 € / 1000 requests)
❖ Need at least 5 utterances per intent or fail at training process
❖ Requires a BotFramework to work
22
MICROSOFT : LUIS
@DataXDay
◊ Same key concepts : intents, entities, …
◊ But different meanings
◊ Choosing the right platform depends on the usecase to implement
CONCLUSION
23
@DataXDay
DEMO
LABFORSIMS2
Usecase scenario :
42-year-old woman in the emergency room
for abdominal pain
https://bot.dialogflow.com/patient
24
DataXDay - Enhancing medical student practice with patient-like chatbots

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DataXDay - Enhancing medical student practice with patient-like chatbots

  • 1. May 17, 2018 Samah GHALLOUSSI Data Scientist, NLP Enhancing medical student practice with patient-like chatbots
  • 2. @DataXDay Samah GHALLOUSSI R&D Engineer - Artificial Intelligence / Data Science / NLP Health Information Technology Specialist Public Interest Entrepreneur Data Scientist for the French Ministry of Health
  • 3. @DataXDay PLAN ● INTRODUCTION ● COMPARISON: 4 platforms for creating chatbots ❖ Dialogflow (Google) ❖ Watson Assistant (IBM) ❖ Wit.ai (Facebook) ❖ LUIS (Microsoft) ● CONCLUSION & DEMO 3
  • 4. @DataXDay INTRODUCTION What is a chatbot ? 4 ● Computer program ● Simulates human conversation through Artificial Intelligence ● How it works :
  • 5. @DataXDay INTRODUCTION Context 5 Serious Game as a medical training tool : ● Virtual Reality ● Immersive environment ● Conversational Analysis ● Simulation of a patient in the emergency room ● Making a diagnosis through the medical interview
  • 7. @DataXDay Dialogflow (formerly API.AI) ◊ Start-up Speaktoit created in 2010 ◊ Acquired by Google in September 2016 ◊ Renamed as Dialogflow in October 2017 ◊ Machine Learning based solution GOOGLE 7
  • 8. @DataXDay 1. Operating mode : GOOGLE : Dialogflow Basic model of interaction ● Intents = matches what the user says with expected action ● Actions = steps to take when an intention is triggered ● Entities = parameters extracted to specify details 8
  • 9. @DataXDay 2. Interface GOOGLE : Dialogflow https://dialogflow.com/ Access with Google account 9
  • 10. @DataXDay 3. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages GOOGLE : Dialogflow ❖ Easy to use ❖ High NLU quality ❖ Free Standard Edition ❖ Standard Edition Terms of Service (Enterprise Edition = $2 / 1000 request) ❖ No decision tree visible ❖ Intents modification one by one 10 Standard Edition : https://developers.google.com/terms/ Enterprise Edition : https://cloud.google.com/terms/
  • 11. @DataXDay Watson Assistant (formerly Conversation) ◊ Named after IBM's first CEO, Thomas J. Watson ◊ Question-answering computer system developed in IBM's DeepQA project ◊ Won in 2011 the quiz show “Jeopardy!” ◊ Machine-learning and rule-based system : pre-trained AI solution IBM 11
  • 12. @DataXDay 1. Operating mode : 12 IBM : Watson Assistant 3 types of artifacts ● Intents = goals expressed by the user ● Entities = relevant terms providing specific context ● Dialog = graphical representation in form of a decision tree
  • 13. @DataXDay 2. Interface IBM : Watson Assistant https://watson-assistant.ng.bluemix.net/ Access with Bluemix account 13
  • 14. @DataXDay 3. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages ❖ User friendly interface ❖ Decision tree : Simplifying dialog ❖ Data privacy ❖ Limited to 10,000 requests (then $2,5 /1000 requests) ❖ Too much reliance on defined entities ❖ Need NLP service integration to pre-process requests correctly 14 IBM : Watson Assistant
  • 15. @DataXDay WIT.AI ◊ Founded in 2013 with the goal of building "the Github of natural language" ◊ Acquired by Facebook in January 2015 ◊ Rule based system FACEBOOK 15
  • 16. @DataXDay 1. Operating mode : FACEBOOK : WIT.AI Entity lookup strategies ● Trait = intents ● Keywords = named entities ● Free-text = expressions of non-categorized info 16
  • 17. @DataXDay 2. Interface FACEBOOK : WIT.AI Access with Facebook or GitHub account https://wit.ai/ 17
  • 18. @DataXDay 3. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages ❖ Access via github account possible ❖ No connection limitation ❖ Totally free: commercial use too ❖ Access to all business data ❖ Limited predefined knowledge ❖ Difficult to understand 18 FACEBOOK : WIT.AI
  • 19. @DataXDay LUIS : Language Understanding Intelligent Service ◊ Microsoft Cognitive Services (Project Oxford) ◊ Machine learning-based service ◊ Reinforcement Learning based on Active Learning method MICROSOFT 19
  • 20. @DataXDay 1. Operating mode : 20 ● Intents = goals to accomplish (actions deduced) ● Utterances = textual input to interpret (example sentences) ● Entities = important information to highlight (variables) MICROSOFT : LUIS 3 main concepts
  • 21. @DataXDay 2. Interface MICROSOFT : LUIS https://www.luis.ai/ Access with Azure account 21
  • 22. @DataXDay 3. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages ❖ Importing utterances in text format ❖ Detailed results with confidence scores ❖ Transparency and data privacy policies ❖ Limited to 10 000 free requests / month (0,633 € / 1000 requests) ❖ Need at least 5 utterances per intent or fail at training process ❖ Requires a BotFramework to work 22 MICROSOFT : LUIS
  • 23. @DataXDay ◊ Same key concepts : intents, entities, … ◊ But different meanings ◊ Choosing the right platform depends on the usecase to implement CONCLUSION 23
  • 24. @DataXDay DEMO LABFORSIMS2 Usecase scenario : 42-year-old woman in the emergency room for abdominal pain https://bot.dialogflow.com/patient 24