Presentation given @ IEEE DEST 2013 - http://dest2013.digital-ecology.org/

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Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Closing the Loop-From Citizen
Sensing to Citizen Actuation
David Crowley, Edward Curry, John Breslin

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Enabling Networked Knowledge

3. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Citizen Sensors
“…humans as citizens on the ubiquitous Web,
acting as sensors and sharing their observations
and views…”
 Sheth, A. (2009). Citizen sensing, social signals, and enriching
human experience. Internet Computing, IEEE, 13(4), 87-92.

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Citizen Actuators
Citizen actuation - the activation of a
human being as the mechanism by which
a control system acts upon the
environment.

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Sensing/Actuation
Citizen Sensing
Citizen Actuation

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
 Buildings account for 40% of the energy usage in the EU
 And approximately 35% of the Carbon Dioxide emissions
 Building Management Systems (BMS)
 high cost to retrofit
 BMS – can remove humans from the loop
 Pushing automation too far
Problem

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
New Smart Building
Cost - € 40,000,000

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Legacy Building
 DERI Building
 No BMS or BEMS
 160 person Office space
 Café
 Data centre
 3 Kitchens
 80 person Conference
room
 4 Meeting rooms
 Computing museum
 Sensor Lab

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Sensors
9 of 26

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Key Challenges
 Technology and Data Interoperability
 Data scattered among different systems
 Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use
 Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data
 Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, …
 Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities
 Empowering Actions and Including Users in the Loop
 Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities
 Embedding impacts within business processes
 Engaging Users
10

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Technology and Data Interoperability
Linked Data Principles
1. Use URIs to identify the “things” in your data
2. Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can
look them up on the Web
3. When a URI is looked up, return a description
of the thing in a structured format (RDF)
4. Include links to related things to provide context
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Key Challenges
 How can Cyber Physical Social Systems (CPSS) aid in
Energy Management?
 Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities
 Empowering Actions and Including Users in the Loop
 Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities
 Embedding impacts within business processes
 Engaging Users

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Experiment
 Data collection from Experiment Area
 14 control weeks (70 days)
 4 experiment weeks (20 days)
 15 participants
 8 actuation requests were sent (to 7 randomly chosen
participants)

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Experiment Area

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Meeting Room B
Meeting Room A
Conference Room

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Experiment
Step 1: Detect patterns of high or unusual energy usage
 Light turned on in rooms at night
 High energy use in meeting rooms without booking

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Experiment
Step 2: Tweet building occupants to check situation and
take action
 Turn off lights, heat, devices, etc
“Hi @username could you check if lights/air-con were left on in the
1st Floor North Wing please? And turn them off if possible. Thanks”

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Enabling Networked Knowledge

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Results
Energy Usage Comparison

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Results (Actuation Time)

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Results (Weekly Averages)

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Results (Daily Averages)
23.86%
Difference

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Open Issues
 Emerging Web trends (linked data, web of things and
social media) may provide the foundations for a
lightweight approach to Cyber-Physical Social Systems
 Research Challenges
 Investigating approach to complement existing CPSS
 Applicability on critical infrastructure
 Human Task Management for Energy Action
 Privacy
 Applicability in a more generic set-up

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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Future Work
 Help people to understand their energy usage
 Feedback/Visualisation
 To easily allow users to see abnormal energy usage
 Gamification
 Addition of game elements to add extrinsic motivation
 Smart Cities
 From micro to macro use cases