ABOUT SMART BUILDINGS

1. SMART BUILDING
INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE
H.N.G.U PATAN
SUBJECT: AD. Building construction
TOPIC: Smart commercial Building TERM:- B.ARCH SEM VIII
NAME:- DEESHA KHAMAR
SHREYA RASTOGI
ZEEL BOJAK
VISHWA RAMANI

3. Smart Commercial
Building
Commercial buildings are a lot more than steel, brick, wood, glass and stone. They are complex environments with a
variety of power, networking, heating, cooling, security, and other subsystems, all of which need to be managed for the
building to be comfortable, safe and efficient.
Increasingly, building operators are using the IoT to collect data from building subsystems, allowing them to make these
building “smart” in ways that help them better regulate their temperatures, enhance their security, minimize their energy
use, and otherwise increase the value they deliver to tenants and owners.

4. How Does a Smart Commercial Building
Work?
• Smart commercial building have advanced IoT sensors in place to collect data from various building functions and
subsystems, data that the building’s operator can use to both automate and enhance the building’s operations and
maintenance.
• For example, building operators can use this smart building IoT data to identify operational inefficiencies in their
building, improve building controls, and automate key building-management tasks, including heat and lighting
management.
• However, to do this the operator needs to integrate their IoT data into a Building-Management System (BMS), which
the operator can then use to control and automate building functions, as well as process for valuable insights. In large
commercial buildings various BMSs are often integrated into IT applications that allow them to share information with
each other, helping the building’s operator further optimize the building performance. Some larger commercial building
operators also integrate IoT data from multiple smart buildings into cloud-based IT applications, where it can be
analyzed for further insights.
• Today many modern buildings have IoT sensors and connectivity infrastructure embedded into their structure during
their construction. However, older buildings often need to be retrofit with IoT sensors and connectivity infrastructure to
make them smart.
What Are Some Smart Commercial Building Use Cases?
• Building operators can use the control, automation and insights that IoT technology brings to smart buildings for
various use cases – including use cases that help them increase energy efficiency, lower building management
costs, and improve their tenants’ experiences.
• These smart building use cases include:
1. Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)
2. Lighting
3. Security
4. Working Environments
5. Maintenance

5. What are Some Common Smart Commercial Building Challenges?
While smart buildings offer a wide variety of benefits to building operators, owners, and tenants, transforming an older building
into a smart building or optimizing the operation of an existing smart building does not come without challenges.
Two of the most common challenges include:
Collecting and Integrating Data: Older buildings and many other smart building IoT projects will have existing equipment that uses
legacy and sometimes proprietary data formats for reporting their operating metrics. Extracting data out of these systems and
integrating it into BMSs and other IT systems can be complex, and requires both hardware and programming knowledge. In fact,
ABI Research cites integration as one of the most important tasks when designing a IoT smart building solution. In addition to
extracting data from a wide number of assets, building operators need platforms that can ingest data from all of these sensors and
interact with their buildings’ automation systems.
Connectivity: In addition to the challenges associated with extracting data from IoT sensors and building assets and ingesting it
into BMSs and other IT applications, it can be difficult for smart building application developers and operators to securely and
reliably connect their buildings’ sensors and assets to their applications (and visa-versa). Moreover, for certain smart building use
cases, such as security access control, this connection also needs the speed and latency required for real-time responses.
Uncertainty surrounding connectivity costs can also make it difficult to estimate the cost of smart building IoT project, hindering a
building operators ability to determine the project’s return on investment.

6. What is an “Intelligent Building”?
• Have a distributed long term and short term
• memory
• Containtenant, O&M, and administration
• service systems
• Be equipped with sensors (stationary and
mobile) for direct or indirect input and
manipulation of signals from users,
systems and the building structure
• Be equipped with actuators for direct or
indirect manipulation installations and the
building structure
• Provide canalization (information roads)
that shall house 'wires' carrying new services
• Beable to handle high band width
• information transfer.
Shutters, lighting,
collaborate to reach
HVAC
global
optimization : increase of more
than 10 %global energy efficiency
Sensors provide information of air
(pollution, microbes, …)
smart ventilation insure
quality
and
health
Intelligent buildings are buildings that through their
physical design and IT installations are responsive,
flexible and adaptive to changing needs from its users
and the organizations that inhabit the building during it's
life time. The building will supply services for its
inhabitants, its administration and operation &
maintenance. The intelligent building will accomplish
transparent 'intelligent' behavior, have state memory,
support human and installation systems communication,
and be equipped with sensors and actuators.
Intelligent building characteristics
Be flexible and responsive to different usage
and environmental contexts such as office,
home, hotel, and industry invoking different
kinds of loads from nature, people, and
building systems,
Be able to change states (clearly defined) with
respect to functions and user demands over
time and building spaces (easy to program
and re-program during use)
Support human communication (between
individuals and groups)
Provide transparent intelligence and be simple
and understandable to the users (support
ubiquitous computers and networks)
Accomplish 'intelligent' behavior (self diagnosis,
trigger actions on certain events and even
learn from use)

7. •
–
–
Optimize T&D infrastructure
Deploy efficient substation automation
Upgrade to smart metering solutions
•
–
–
Optimize quality and availability of supplied power
Measure and improve delivered power quality
Implement DG in frequently congested areas
Influence demand consumption
Introduce new tariff structures and smart revenue metering
Implement AMR
•
–
–
–
–
data
Establish DR/DSM programs
•
–
–
Deploy modern IT infrastructure
High speed telecoms infrastructure
Modern Energy Information Systems
•
–
–
Educate people on efficient use of energy
Act on business related procedures
•
–
–
Act on loads
Replace, renovate aging loads (lighting, motors, HVAC, …)
Implement intelligent load control (variable speed drives, regulation
systems, lighting control, ...)
•
Provide customers with accurate and relevant consumption –
–
–
Optimize quality and availability of on site power
Measure and improve on site power quality
Implement backup generation
Exploit co-generation means
•
–
–
–
Optimize supply costs
Use the right tariffs according to specific load profile
Participate in DR/DSM programs
Resell excess power
On the Demand Side
Act on Users
On the Supply Side
Energy Efficiency - A Rising Concern
Energy
Efficiency
Deregulation
Deregulation of production
and supply of gas and
electricity implies to build
new business models
significantly different from
traditional ones
Generation capacities and
grids
Huge investment ($16 trillion
worldwide) is needed involving
an increase in price of both
gas and electricity
Policy and environment
Kyoto protocol implementation
involves new constraints to be
integrated in today’s utility
business models
Demand is booming
Because of the lack of
electricity generation
capacity, peak prices are
becoming very high and
volatile
Natural resources are
declining
In the consumption regions such
as Europe and North America,
energy sourcing is becoming
crucial and focuses major
attention
Energy Demand in the EU in 2000
Transport
31%
Industry
28%
Residential /
Commercial
41%

8. Highly insulating and active
glazing :
• Vacuum double glazing :
energy loss = 0,5 W/m2/°C
. wall equivalent
• Thermo chromium : heat .
. flow between 20 to 60 %
support
coating
New insulation materials:
thinner and able to store
energy
• nano porous silica
• phase change materials
wall
balls of paraffin
Effective treatment of
thermal bridges (junctions
between walls, metallic
structures, aluminum
frames) : this can yield up
to 30% reduction of
thermal losses
• A structure
performance
and walls of such insulation
that only 50 kWh/m2/year would
suffice to achieve ideal thermal comfort.
• All of its equipment to the optimal energy
performance level (lighting, HVAC, office devices)
• Intelligence everywhere that would seamlessly
handle energy usage optimization
guaranteeing optimal comfort, a
environment and numerous other
whilst
healthy
services
(security, assistance to elderly people)
• Renewable and non polluting energy sources
• The ability to satisfy its own energy needs (thermal
and/or electric) or even contribute excess power to
the community (zero/positive energy buildings)
• Users whose behaviors would have evolved
towards a reasoned usage of energy
Lighting efficiency with
LEDs : from 20 toward 150
lumen / W
Heat pumps : from 20%
to 25% of performance
increase with speed
driven compression motor
Consumer appliances :
Appliances complying with
the energy performance
labels are from 10 to 40%
more efficient
• Buildings consume over 40% of total
energy in the EU and US
– Between 12% and 18% by commercial
buildings the rest residential.
– Implementing the EU Building Directive
(22% reduction) could save 40Mtoe
(million tons of oil equivalent) by 2020.
• Consumption profiles may vary but
heating, cooling and lighting are the
major energy users in buildings
– Water heating is a major element for
healthcare, lodging, and schools.
– Lighting and Space Heating are the
major elements for commercial and
retail buildings.
What should be there in an energy efficient buildings

9. Buildings become an energy (thermal &/or electric) production unit for local needs.
• Buildings collaborate with energy actors
• Real time management of sources & loads
in buildings
• Buildings aggregate their needs to optimize
transaction with energy providers
• Buildings participate to services for quality &
safety of electricity network
• This technique is not only provides energy
required for the building but can also serves
the energy requirements of the surrounding
locality
• Innovative solutions delivering energy
efficiency in new constructions
• Innovative lighting solutions based on LED
technology
• Advanced autonomous sensors and
actuators
Photovoltaic cells are
integrated to architecture.
They provide 15% of
1000 W/m2
Global prices are less
than 2€
/W (target 2020)
storage (ex :
Associated to seasonal
summer
storage in earth), thermal
solar systems for heating,
cooling & hot water cover
a large part of thermal
needs
MV/LV
transforme
r station
Main LV
switchboard
Main LV
Switchboard
LV
panel
Ultra terminal devices
Service
provider (ASP)
Remote
access
Energy
management
expert
Maintenance
engineer
Building
automation
Site engineer
Tomorrow's intelligent appliances

10. New concept of Digital Home and Sensor Control in building.
System Architecture
System architecture
– Sensor nodes
• Form a multi-hop WSN to collect
information in the environment
Higher levels of security and safety
Beneficial for handicaps and elderly people
•
•
• Simplified operation for users and
administrators
Simpler staff tracking
•
•
•
•
Information can be delivered to all
interested parties in the manner they need.
Increased mobility - not tied to a specialist
workstation
Training is minimised, use standard
operating environments.
Benefits of Digital and Sensor
Control in building
– WSN gateways
• Four major functionalities
–gathering data from nodes of the WSN
–reporting the room’s condition to the
control server
–issuing commands to nodes of the WSN
–maintaining the WSN
– Control server
• collect the system’s status
• make a smart decision to control electric
appliance devices
• perform power-saving decisions
– Power-line control devices
• turn on/off or adjust the electric appliances
– User identification devices
• portable devices that can be carried by
users so that the system can determine
users’ IDs and retrieve their profiles

11. EPI = 240 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 133 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 168 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 98 kWh/m2 per annum
Base
building
ECBC compliant
building
Envelope optimization
EPI = 208 kWh/m2 per annum
Lighting op timization
HVAC optimization
Controls
➢Load calculation with
optimized envelope and
lighting system
➢Efficient chillers
➢Efficient condenser cooling
➢Use of geothermal energy for cooling
Lighting system
➢Efficient fixtures
➢Efficient lamps
➢Daylight integration
➢Average LPD < 1 W/ft2
Building envelope
➢ Cavity wall with insulation
➢ Insulated and shaded roof
➢ Double glazing and
shading for windows
HVAC system
Case Study 1 : CESE, IIT Kanpur
• The building is fully complaint with the ECBC.
Sustainable site planning has been integrated to maintain favorable
microclimate. The architectural design has been optimized as per
climate and sun path.
• The building has energy-efficient artificial lighting design and
daylight integration. It also has efficient air conditioning designed to
reduce energy consumption.
• Passive strategies such as an earth air tunnel have been
incorporated in the HVAC design to reduce the cooling load
CESE building, IIT Kanpur awarded five star GRIHA rating

12. Proposed at Shalimarbagh, New Delhi
Initial energy consumption: 605 kWh/m2 yr
Building envelope
➢ AAC blocks
➢ Insulated roof
➢ Double glazing and shading for windows
Lighting system
➢ Efficient fixtures
➢ Efficient lamps
➢ Daylight integration
➢ Load reduction of 33%
HVAC system
➢ Load calculation with optimized
envelope and lighting system
➢ Efficient chillers
➢ Efficient fans for AHUs
EPI = 605 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 593 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 346 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 312 kWh/m2 per annum
Base building
ECBC compliant
Fortis building, New
Delhi
Envelope optimisation
Lighting optimisation
EPI = 476 kWh/m2 per annum
Efficient chiller
Controls for HVAC system
Case Study 2 : Fortis Hospital