Bronchial Asthma

1. By:
Delma Joie D. Magtubo

2. I. BRIEF DEFINITION

3. ASTHMA
An airflow obstruction caused by bronchoconstriction,
which results from an allergic or hypersensitive reaction.
ETIOLOGY/TYPES:
1. Extrinsic Asthma
2. Intrinsic Asthma

4. 1. Extrinsic Asthma 2. Intrinsic Asthma
ETIOLOGY/TYPES:
 Allergy
a. Genetically
transmitted
b. Childhood Onset
 UNKNOWN
CAUSE

8. II. RISK FACATORS

9. II. Risk Factors

12. III. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
LIFTED FROM THE BOOK

13. III. Pathophysiology
Non-modifiable Factors:
>Gender
>Family History
Modifiable Factors:
>Environmental Allergens
>Emotional factors/Stress
>GERD
Triggers airway
inflammation

14. III. Pathophysiology
Release of mast cells, eosinophils, histamine,
macrophages, and activated T lymphocytes
Goblet cells
mucus production
Acute
Bronchoconstriction

15. III. Pathophysiology
Goblet cells
mucus production
Acute
Bronchoconstriction
COUGH
Narrowing of the
airway passages
cWheezing

16. III. Pathophysiology
Narrowing of the
airway passages
Difficulty Of
Breathing
↓ Oxygenation
c
Chest Tightness
c
Wheezing

17. IV. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

19. V. DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURE

20. • HISTORY COLLECTION
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST
• SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN E
• SPUTUM ANALYSIS
V. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE

21. V. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
• COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY – HRCT
• COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
• CHEST X-RAYS
• ABG ANALYSIS
• PULSE OXYMETRY

22. Also known as a “spacer” or
valve holding chamber (VHC)
Delivery of medication over
100% more effective

23. Used by some (usually
moderate or severe) asthma
patients to monitor ongoing
lung function to detect
changes

24. VI. MEDICAL AND
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

25. While asthma cannot be cured, it can be
controlled:
Medications
○Long term
○Quick relief
○Bronchial thermoplasty
Learning to recognize one’s own triggers and
taking steps to avoid them.

26. VII. NURSING PROBLEMS

27. • Assess for breath sounds.
• Assess the patient’s peak flow.
• Monitor the patient’s vital signs.
• Level of oxygen saturation through the pulse oximeter.
• Respiratory status by monitoring the severity of the
symptoms.
Assessment of a patient with
asthma includes the following:

30. VIII. NURSING
MANAGEMENT

34. IX. CURRENT TRENDS

36. Additional Information

37. G
IN
A
-Global
-Initiative for
-ASTHMA

38. “MAY 6TH 2014”
LUNGS ASTHMA
5 6

39. THANK YOU