2. Total Quality Management (TQM)
1950s: Joseph Moses Juran taught ideas of controlling quality
1968: Kaoru Ishikawa’s analysis of the philosophy led to Japan’s rise as
a quality leader
Today: TQM is associated with philosophy extensive and general
methodology in handling organization quality
Quality standards like ISO 900 comprise TQM
The ISO includes standards that specify requirements for the
documentation, implementation and maintenance of a quality system.
TQM is an approach for improving the competitiveness, effectiveness
and flexibility of an organization for the benefit of all stakeholders.
Total Quality Management (TQM) incorporates:
Behavioral sciences
Economic theories
Non-quantitative and quantitative data analysis
Process analysis
3. Joseph Moses Juran (1904-2008)
Juran Ideas: Quality definition, Quality Trilogy etc
Quality definition: “Fitness of purpose”
Quality Trilogy:
Quality planning: determine the organization internal and external customers;
determine customer needs, requirements and expectations; design the product
to achieve customer satisfaction; prepare a design to achieve a good quality
Quality controlling: determine variation and make decisions; measure
performance and results; compare the results with the stated objectives
Quality improvements : define quality goals; train the workers; develop a
problem solving statement
4. Juran’s Quality Planning Road Map: 1) Identify who are the customers; 2)
Determine the customer’s needs; 3) Translate the needs into our language; 4)
Develop a product to meet those needs; 5) Optimise a product so as to meets our
needs as well as the customer’s; 6) Develop a process which is able to produce
the product; 7) Optimise the process; 8) Prove the process can make the product
under operating conditions
Joseph Moses Juran (1904-2008)
5. Kaoru Ishikawa (1915-1989)
Introduced the concept of “Quality Circle”
Developed the “Fishbone Cause and Effect Diagram”
Theoretical contribution: emphasis on total involvement of the operating
employees in improving quality.
Coined the term company-wide quality control (CWQC) in Japan.
Ishikawa Diagram: four generic heading used (4 M´s)
The diagram systematically represents and analyses the real causes behind a
problem or effect. It organizes the major and minor contributing causes leading
to one effect (or problem), defines the problem, identifies possible and probable
causes by narrowing down the possible ones
6. ISO 9000
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
An international set of standards for documenting the processes that an
organization uses to produce its goods and services.
ISO 9000: family of standards relate to quality management systems
designed to help organizations ensure they meet the needs of customers and
other stakeholders.
Through ISO 9001:
o Efficient, effective operation
o Increased customer satisfaction and retention
o Reduced audits
o Enhanced marketing
o Improved employee motivation, awareness, and morale
o Promoted international trade
o Increased profit
o Reduced waste and increased productivity
7. ISO 45001: Occupational Health & Safety
Global Toll
three million lives lost annually due to work-related injuries or diseases
over 7,600 people perish every day
Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) and ISO
Supported by ISO and ILO for preventing work-related injuries and ill-health
Why ISO 45001
Established by ISO
Upturns alignment and ensures easier to implementation of multiple management
systems
ISO9001 has adopted this structure
OH&S Management system
Establish, implement, maintain and continually improve OH&S
Leadership and commitment
More focus to demonstrate leadership and commitment
Consider need to establish H&S committees
Identification and removal of barriers to participation
Continual improvement of OH&S
Developing, leading and promoting a culture supporting OH&S
8. ISO 31000: Risk Management
Risk management system: an approach via which an
organization manages stakeholders, relations, roles, and
business processes to realize its goals and values.
Risk management: practice of ascertaining, evaluating, and
regulating threats to a business's capital and earnings.
Risks or threats: financial uncertainty, strategic management
blunders, legal liabilities, accidents, and natural catastrophes.
ISO 31000: addresses the operational continuity of an
organization; seeks clear direction on risk management .
Risk management plan involves “establishing the context, risk
is identification, risk analysis, risk assessment and evaluation,
risk mitigation, and risk monitoring” processes follow,
respectively.
Risk management saves money, avoids possible threats,
minimize their effect should they arise, and handles the results.
Demerit: It requires more risk analysis techniques, e.g.
simulation and big data. Thus require extensive data collection
is expensive and unreliable at times.
9. References
• The National Academies Press. (2020). Six widely used methods to improve quality.
Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/21736/chapter/4#15
• Abulmajd, K. (2009). Juran road map to quality. Retrieved from
https://abulmajd.us/2009/03/17/juran-road-map-to-quality/
• Certification Europe. (2020). ISO 45001 occupational health and safety. Retrieved from
https://www.certificationeurope.com/certification/iso-45001-occupational-health-safety/
• Górny, A. (2015). Occupational health and safety management in the international
condition (consistent with objectives the ISO 45001 standard). Modern Management
Review, 20(22), 73-88.
• ISO. (2020). ISO 31000 Risk management. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/iso-
31000-risk-management.html
• ISO. (2020). ISO 45001 Occupational health and safety. Retrieved from
https://www.iso.org/iso-45001-occupational-health-and-safety.html
• ISO. (2020). Management system standards. Retrieved from
https://www.iso.org/management-system-standards.html
• Neyestani, B. (2017). Principles and contributions of total quality management (TQM)
gurus on business quality improvement. Manilla: De La Salle University.
• Peterson, O. (2019, July 24). What is ISO 31000? Getting started with risk
management. Retrieved from https://www.process.st/iso-31000/
Notes de l'éditeur
Quality regulation is utilized in preventing entities from worsening. Quality regulation is the assessment fragment of the "Quality Trilogy," where operators relate the real performance with schedules and determining the dissimilarities. Prolonged scrap is regarded as an opportunity for quality enhancement. In simpler terms, prolonged waste is a third element of the Trilogy. This is because quality enhancement involves error reduction. Therefore, quality scheduling must be incorporated into every feature of the company's work, like “strategic plans, product, service, and operations” (NAP, 2020)
Juran's "Quality Planning Road Map" can be utilized by organizations to check as well as understand customer needs and establishing measurements based on customer requirements. Besides, "Quality Trilogy" and "Quality Roadmap" are not adequate. According to Juran, a framework for Quality should include product design and implementing a procedure that is able to meet customer’s needs.
Quality Circles
A quality circle is a volunteer group composed of workers (or even students), usually under the leadership of their supervisor (but they can elect a team leader), who are trained to identify, analyze and solve work-related problems and present their solutions to management in order to improve the performance of the organization, and motivate and enrich the work of employees. When matured, true quality circles become self-managing, having gained the confidence of management.
The main goal in complying with the standard’s guidelines is to facilitate operation despite the occurrence of adverse events. Specifically, the effort is aimed at:
reducing the probability of the occurrence of such events,
preparing the organization for their occurrence,
ensuring the organization is prepared to adopt immediate improvement measures should such events occur,
helping the organization find its way out of a crisis situation should such adverse events occur.
An ISO committee of occupational health and safety experts developed an International Standard to save lives at workplaces. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), over 7,600 people perish due to work-related injuries or diseases every day, which is approximately three million lives annually (ISO, ISO 45001 Occupational health and safety, 2020).
ISO 45001 permits an organization, via its occupational health and safety (OHS) management system, to introduce other items of health and safety, like employee wellness or wellbeing. An ISO 45001 established on the OHS management system enables an organization to better its OHS performance by establishing and realizing an OHS objectives and OHS policy. Secondly, instituting systematic processes that deliberate on its "context" and which considers its risks as well as opportunities. Thirdly, defining the hazards and OHS risks linked to its activities, looking for ways to eradicate them, or establishing regulations to reduce their potential effects. Fourthly, increasing awareness of the OHS risks. Lastly, by assessing OHS performance and looking for ways to enhance it via suitable actions.
When the above measures are well instituted, and an organization is hailed for safety, the organization will benefit immensely. First, it will have an improved ability to respond to regulatory compliance matters. Secondly, it will minimize the overall costs associated with incidents. Thirdly, an organization can reduce downtime and the overheads as a result of interruptions in their operations. Fourthly, an organization may enjoy reduced cost of insurance premiums. Lastly, the absenteeism will be reduced (Certification Europe, 2020).
ISO 31000: Risk Management
A risk management system is an approach via which an organization manages stakeholders, relations, roles, and business processes to realize its goals and values. On the other hand, risk management is the practice of ascertaining, evaluating, and regulating threats to a business's capital and earnings. These risks or threats include financial uncertainty, strategic management blunders, legal liabilities, accidents, and natural catastrophes.
In addressing the operational continuity of an organization, an ISO 31000 was developed to provide a level of assurance in terms of economic resilience, professional standings, and environmental as well as safety outputs. Due to uncertainties, ISO 31000 is appropriately made for any organization that seeks clear direction on risk management (ISO, ISO 31000 Risk management, 2020).
.Risk management plan involves establishing the context of the risk. In this step, circumstances of the process are understood, and a criterion for analysis is established. After this, the risk is identified according to the organization's process. To sum up, “risk analysis, risk assessment and evaluation, risk mitigation, and risk monitoring” processes follow, respectively.
By executing a risk management schedule and making an allowance for the many potential risks or events prior to their occurrence, an organization can save money and safeguard their future. This is due to a robust risk management schedule that will assist an organization in instituting procedures toward avoiding possible threats, minimizing their effect should they arise, and handling the results. This capacity to comprehend and regulate risk allows organizations to be more poised in their business resolutions. Likewise, strong corporate governance codes that center explicitly on risk management can assist an organization in attaining its goals (Peterson, 2019).
Despite risk management being beneficial for organizations, it requires more risk analysis techniques, like simulation and big data. An extensive data collection is expensive and unreliable at times.
