Gingivitis is a form of gum disease characterised by reversible gingival inflammation without destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, periodontal ligament or bone

1. GINGIVITIS
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT DENTAID

2. • Definition
• Signs
• Aetiology
• Classification
• Epidemiology
• Diagnosis
• Prevention strategies
• Treatment
• Conclusions

3. Definition
• Gingivitis is a form of gum disease
characterised by reversible gingival
inflammation without destruction of
tooth-supporting tissues,
periodontal ligament or bone

4. Signs
• Redness
• Increased volume
• Change in texture
• Bleeding

5. Aetiology
• Bacterial: Formation of oral biofilm
• Immuno-inflammatory response:
innate (nonspecific) and adaptive
(specific)
• Genetic: family history
• Habits: tobacco smoking, stress
• Systemic diseases or conditions:
diabetes, pregnancy

6. Classification
• Plaque-induced gingival diseases
• Non-plaque-induced gingival diseases
Armitage G. Development of a classification
system for periodontal diseases and
condictions. Annals of Perio 1999

7. Epidemiology
• Around 50-60% population > 35 years
• Up to 80% of children and adolescents
Llodra JC. Oral Health Survey in Spain 2010.
RCOE 2012. 17 (1): 13-41.

8. Diagnosis
GINGIVITIS
Acute / Chronic
Localised / generalised

9. Prevention Strategies
• Mechanical biofilm removal:
• Manual or powered toothbrush: 2-
3 times per day for at least 2 minutes
• Interdental hygiene: dental tape or
floss and interproximal brushes
• Oral irrigators
• Professional cleaning: removal of
calculus

10. Prevention Strategies
• Chemical removal and/or alteration of biofilm:
• Toothpastes:
• Cetylpyridinium chloride
• Fluoride
• Mouthwashes:
• Chlorhexidine
• Cetylpyridinium chloride

11. Treatment
• OH instruction and motivation:
plaque control
• Eliminating poor habits: stop
smoking
• Professional removal of biofilm:
using ultrasound, curettes,
polishing
• Improving local and systemic
conditions

12. Conclusions
• Reversible inflammation
• Very common
• Mechanical and chemical prevention and treatment
• Role of oral healthcare professional is key