2. A paper battery is a flexible , ultra-
thin energy storage and production device
formed by combining carbon nano-tube with a
conventional sheet of cellulose based paper.
A paper battery acts as both a high energy
battery and super capacitor, combining two
components that are separate in traditional
electronics.
3. Cells can be classified into three
1)Electrochemical cells :
limited life
Leakage
Environmental concerns
2)Fuel Cells:
Cost
Portability and size
3)Solar cells:
versatalilty
portability and size
Need of auxiliary back up battery
4. by Pushparaj et al.[2007] and Yi Cui et al.
in the field of preparing the first prototypes.
Another significant attempt to exploit the
properties of Paper batteries was made by Dr.
Mangilal Agrawal, Lousiana Tech University.
Since the field is so promising and potent,
there has been a huge amount of work done
over CNTs and Paper Batteries.
5. Ultra thin size and flexible structure.
Exhibits properties of super capacitor(22 F-36F per
ram).
Operating temperature (-75 to 100 degree Celsius )
Provide both long term , steady power production and
burst of energy.
Cost effective.
6. Carbon nano-tube is the main concept behind paper
battery
Carbon nano-tubes(CNT’s, also known as
buckytubes) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical
nano structure. Allotropes are different structural
modifications of an element
CNT’s exhibit extra ordinary strength and unique
electrical properties and are efficient thermal
conductors.
Nano-tubes are members of fullerene structural
family. The diameter of nano-tubes are of the order of
a few nano-meters. Their name is derived from the
long hollow structure with the walls formed by one
atom thick sheet of carbon, called graphene. These
sheets are rolled at specific and discrete angles. And
the combination of the rolling angle and radius decides
the nano-tube properties.
7. The black piece of paper can power a small
light.
Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy
demands of the next generation of gadget.
The ambition is to produce reams of paper that
could one day power a car.
The paper battery is a glimpse into the future of
power storage.
8. While a conventional battery contains a
number of separate components, the paper
battery integrates whole of the battery
components in a single structure, making it
more energy efficient.
Traditional batteries produce electrons through
a chemical reaction between electrolyte and
metal.
Paper battery produces electrons due to the
interaction of electrolytes LTO and LCO.
Electrons collect on the negative terminal of
the battery and flow along a connected wire to
the positive terminal during discharging.
Electrons must flow from the negative to the
positive terminal for the chemical reaction to
continue
9. CNT thin films were coated on to stainless steel (SS) substrates with
a solution based process.
The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL
A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was formed after
drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 degree Celsius for 5
minutes. This film is then peeled off from substrate.
These films act as electrodes of paper battery.
One film is pasted to electrolyte LTO and the other film is pasted to
electrolyte LCO
Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO and LCO with
PVDF( Poly vinylidene fluoride) acting as glue.
10.
11. It has a paper thin sheet of cellulose and it is infused with the
carbon nano-tubes. Its acting as electrodes. And it also acts
as a good conductor storage device.
It provides long steady power by functions as a super
conductor and a lithium ion battery.
It can be twisted, folded, rolled or it can be cut into your
needed shapes without any loss in its efficiency and in its
output.
It is light weight due to the nano-tubes and it is used in the
portable electronic devices and automobile toys
It is also used for medical devices like pacemakers, because it
is nontoxic and biodegradable, well suited for medical
appliances.
12. Used on both battery and capacitor
It is flexible
Ultrathin energy storage device
Long lasting
Non toxic
Steady power production
Shaped for different applications
High efficiency
Available in different sizes
Energy efficient
Lightweight
Economical
Easily disposed
Can be recharged
Generates close to 1.5 volts of energy
13. Prone to tearing
Nano-tubes made from carbon are expensive due to use of
procedures like electrolysis and laser ablation
Should not be inhaled as they can damage lungs
14. In electronics
in laptop batteries, mobile phones, handheld digital cameras.
in calculators, wrist watch and other low drain devices.
In wireless communication devices like speakers, mouse,
keyboard ,Bluetooth headsets etc.
In Medical Sciences:
• in Pacemakers for the heart
• in Artificial tissues (using Carbon nano-tubes)
• in Cosmetics, Drug-delivery systems
• in Biosensors, such as Glucose meters, Sugar meters, etc.
In Automobiles and Aircrafts:
• in Hybrid Car batteries
• in Long Air Flights reducing refuelling
• for Light weight guided missiles
• for powering electronic devices in Satellite programs
15.
16. One of the major problems bugging the world now is Energy crisis.
Every nation needs energy and everyone needs power. And this
problem which disturbs the developed countries perturbs the
developing countries like India to a much greater extent. Standing at a
point in the present where there can’t be a day without power, Paper
Batteries can provide an altogether path-breaking solution to the
same. Being Biodegradable, Light-weight and Non- toxic, flexible
paper batteries have potential adaptability to power the next
generation of electronics, medical devices and hybrid vehicles, allowing
for radical new designs and medical technologies. But India still has
got a long way to go if it has to be self-dependant for its energy
solution. Literature reflects that Indian researchers have got the
scientific astuteness needed for such revolutionary work. But what
hinders their path is the lack of facilities and funding.
