communication

2. Objectives
 To gain an understanding of the writing process
 Understanding Subject, Audience and Purpose
 Addressing “The Big Six”
 Steps to writing include prewriting, writing, rewriting
and proofreading.

3. The Parts of Speech
 The parts of speech allow you to analyze your writing
and improve your grammar. The parts of speech are as
follows:
 Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions,
prepositions, and interjections.
 Ex: He needed some blue wallpaper-Wallpaper is a noun: person,
place, thing or idea.
 Ex: He will wallpaper his hall-Wallpaper is a verb, will is a helping
verb. A verb describes an action in the sentence.
 Ex: He went to a wallpaper store. Wallpaper is an adjective. An
adjective modifies a noun or pronoun.
 Ex: I wallpapered yesterday. Yesterday is an adverb because it describes
when I wallpapered.

4. Parts of Speech
 Pronouns are words that substitute for a noun or another pronoun.
 Ex: After the campers discovered the cave, they mapped it for the next

1.
2.
3.
group. It is a pronoun for cave. There are eight kinds of pronouns, but
more on that later.
Conjunctions connect words, phases, and clauses. There are three kinds
of conjunctions:
Coordinating: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. These are known as the
FANBOYS.
Correlative c0njuctions link and relate parts of a sentence such as either
or neither, both/and, but, not only, but also. They are always used in
pairs.
Subordinating conjunctions connect dependent or subordinate clauses to
independent clauses. Ex: Because it rained, the class was cancelled.
Because, although, if since, until, when, where, and while are some
subordinate conjunctions

5. Parts of Speech
 A preposition links and relates its object (noun or pronoun) to
the rest of the sentence. Prepositions often show relationships
of time, place, direction, and manner.
 Ex: She called during our meeting. During links the word
meeting to the sentence.
 Interjections are words that express emotions or surprise. They
are followed by and exclamation point, comma, or period .
 Ex: Well, I’d better be going. Wow! What an announcement!
 More will be discussed about the parts of speech in another
lesson.

6. Before your write…Prewrite!
 Prewriting includes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Brainstorming possible subjects
Big Six Questions
Clustering
Narrowing…N/3
Prioritizing
Freewriting

7. Writing
Actual writing begins with the first draft of your essay.
The Process of Writing includes the format of the essay:
Introduction
2. Body of the essay
3. And a conclusion to the paper
1.

8. Revision, Editing &
Proofreading
 Revision means “seeing with new eyes”.
 Evaluate your writing after the first draft:
 Do not judge your work
 Keep the big picture in mind-The Main Idea of the paper
 Ask: Are my ideas clear to the reader?
 Revision also means:
You can add, cut, replace or reorganize the material and
structure of your writing

9. Editing
 When you edit, look for refining your ideas, sentences
and paragraphs.
 Check to make sure each paragraph has a topic
sentence or main idea
 Check for a logical flow of ideas where one sentence
relates to another

10. Proofreading
 When proofreading your paper, check for spelling,
grammar, and punctuation.
 Ask yourself: Did I look up words for their correct
meaning? Ex: which and witch
 Are the words spelled correctly? Ex: there and their
 Check for comma splices, run-on and fragment
sentences

11. The Topic Sentence
What is a topic sentence?
 The topic sentence
conveys the main idea
of the paragraph
Where is the topic
sentence placed?
 The topic sentence can
come at the beginning or
the end of the paragraph
and must support the
thesis or theme of your
paper.

12. Identifying a thesis
 Like the topic sentence, a thesis or theme is the main
idea of the essay. The theme can be placed at the
beginning or the end of the paragraph.

Example: “Many students at ITU struggle with English
composition because English is their second language”
 Here, the thesis is students struggling with English
composition. The cause is that it’s their second language.

13. Supporting your thesis
R
 Reasons
E
 Examples
N
 Names
N
 Numbers or Statistics
S
 Senses

14. Unity, development & coherence
 In the body of the paragraph there are three
components.
 Unity is the way words and sentences support the
thesis of the paper
 Development is the RENNS used to support your
theme or thesis
 Coherence is the way the words and sentences hang
together to make a logical explanation of your writing