1.
Case Study No. 2
People use computers in a variety of fields, including education, finance,
government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing. Although the
way people use computers varies, each use of a computer involves computer hardware,
computer software, and normally some type of communications capability over
networks, such as the Internet. Form a five member team and choose a field in which
you are all interested.
Using the Web, and/or print media, assign two members of your team to
investigate hardware used in the field, another member to investigate software used in
the field, and the rest to investigate communication capabilities used in the field. After
your investigation characterize a hypothetical business or organization in the field.
Based on your investigation prepare a report that recommends specific hardware,
software, and networking capabilities that would be best for the business or
organization; explain your recommendations in the report.
The Field we chose is the Government.
First of all what is hardware based on my research Hardware is a general term
for equipment that can be touched/held by hand such
as keys, locks, hinges, latches, handles, wire, chains,
plumbing supplies, Electrical Supplies, tools, utensils, cutlery and machine parts. In
Government one of the most used hardware is the computer .Computers are used in
Data processing for efficient and effective delivery of services, Power shifts between
branches of government (executive , legislative , and judicial) and federal versus state
jurisdictions, Usage in crime prevention: NCIC, Computerized defense systems: smart
weapons and depersonalized armies and many more.
Next is the software. Software is a computer instructions or data. Anything that
can be stored electronically is software. The storage devices and display devices
are hardware. The distinction between software and hardware is sometimes confusing
because they are so integrally linked. Clearly, when you purchase a program, you are
buying software. But to buy the software, you need to buy the disk(hardware) on which
the software is recorded. One of the most used software in a government is the
information storage and retrieval system or also known as ISRS. An information storage
and retrieval system (ISRS) is a network with a built-in user interface that facilitates the
creation, searching, and modification of stored data. An ISRS is typically a peer-to-peer
network operated and maintained by private individuals or independent organizations,
but accessible to the general public. Some, but not all, ISRSs can be accessed from the
Internet. (The largest ISRS in the world is the Internet itself.)

2.
Characteristics of an ISRS include lack of centralization, graceful degradation in
the event of hardware failure, and the ability to rapidly adapt to changing demands and
resources. The lack of centralization helps to ensure that catastrophic data loss does
not occur because of hardware or program failure, or because of the activities of
malicious hackers. Graceful degradation is provided by redundancy of data and
programming among multiple computers. The physical and electronic diversity of an
ISRS, along with the existence of multiple operating platforms, enhances robustness,
flexibility, and adaptability. (These characteristics can also result in a certain amount of
chaos.) In addition to these features, some ISRSs offer anonymity, at least in theory, to
contributors and users of the information.
A significant difference between an ISRS and a database management system is
the fact that an ISRS is intended for general public use, while a database management
system is likely to be proprietary, with access privileges restricted to authorized entities.
In addition, an ISRS, having no centralized management, is less well-organized than a
database management system.
Lastly, communication capabilities used in the government field. One of the most
used communication capabilities used in the government is using the internet.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. So using
internet you can use it as a way to communicate to others or to communicate globally in
a easy way simply just by using the internet. And if you used it effectively it will result to
impressive and effective communication skill, which can make you happy, well known,
victorious, loving and content. Communication increases many aspects of life.
Communication is a part and parcel of our everyday life. There are many benefits of
good communication skills. And if there will be a good communication there will be
peace.

3.
In this illustration we see the Alternating periods of economic growth and
contraction.
One of the most basic analysis frameworks you can use to solve a business
problem is the “cost-benefit analysis”. This method is fairly self-explanatory. It involves
weighing up the total expected costs and benefits of one course of action against
another. Having done this, you will be able to formulate a more well-thought-out solution
to the business problem. So in this problem I recommend the use of Computers,
Information Storage and the Internet it makes the analization easy and you can use it as
a medium to make the work easier.