Women face several common health issues and risks. Their reproductive systems make them prone to infections, fibroids, cysts, and cancers. The top five health problems for women are heart disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, osteoporosis, depression, and cancer. Heart disease risks include obesity, stress, and inactivity. PCOS causes cysts on the ovaries and related issues. Osteoporosis weakens bones over time. Depression is linked to hormonal and lifestyle factors. Cancers like breast and cervical cancer are also major risks. Screening, lifestyle changes, and awareness can help reduce risks.
2. Women's lives have changed over the
centuries. life was particularly difficult for
most women. Aside from the numerous
dangers and diseases, women became
wives and mothers often when they were
just emerging from their own childhood.
Many women had a large number of
pregnancies which may or may not have
been wanted.
3. In the past, childbirth itself was risky
and not infrequently, led to the death
of the mother. Most women in the
past did not live long enough.
It is important that every woman has
access to knowledge related to the
spectrum of women's health issues,
not only about her reproductive
system, but about all aspects of her
body.
4. A woman's reproductive
system includes her uterus,
Fallopian tubes, ovaries,
cervix, and external
genitalia. The breasts can
also be included, even
though, technically
speaking, they are not part
of the reproductive system.
The breasts do play a major
role in pregnancy and
5. primary function of the reproductive
system is to conceive and bear
children, a female's reproductive
system makes a major contribution to
her being a woman. Due to the
complexity of her reproductive
system, she can experience a number
of problems ranging from yeast
infections of the vagina to fibroids of
the uterus or cysts of the ovary.
7. this condition is responsible for about 29
percent of deaths in women That's largely
because signs and symptoms of the
disease go misdiagnosed in female
patients
What puts a woman at risk?
Obesity, stress, diabetes, high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, and inactivity.
Left untreated, the disease can lead to
8. Affecting 10 percent of women of reproductive
age, this condition causes small cysts to form
on the ovaries during ovulation. These cysts
may be causing side pains possibly damaging a
woman's uterus and, thereby, her fertility.
Women with PCOS are also more prone to
weight gain, abnormal periods, acne, and
excess hair growth.
9. While this disease can affect both men and
women, it disproportionately threatens the
health of females. Largely preventable, it affects
the strength and resiliency of the bones, which
can lead to fractures and bone breaks later on
in life. Other risk factors include age, eating a
diet that's low in calcium or vitamin D, smoking,
and excessive alcohol use.
10. This disease affects women about
50 percent more than men, largely
because of hormonal changes (for
example, postpartum depression that
develops post-pregnancy), or lifestyle
factors (feeling disconnected from loved
ones, a family history of the disease, or
substance abuse). It also can be triggered
by a stressful life event, a history of
childhood abuse, or neglect.
11.
12. WHAT IS CANCER?
Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in any
part of the body.
Generally due to
1. chemicals (e.g. From smoking )
2. radiation
3. micro-organisms (e.g. Bacteria, viruses)
13.
14. INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer, the second-leading cause
of cancer deaths in women, is the disease
women fear most.
Breast cancer can also occur in men, but
it's far less common.
In the last 30 years, doctors have made
great strides in early diagnosis and
treatment of the disease and in reducing
breast cancer deaths.
15. 80% of breast cancers occur in women
older than age 50. In 30s, have a one in
233 chance of developing breast cancer.
By age 85, chance is one in eight.
In 1975, a diagnosis of breast cancer
usually meant radical mastectomy –
removal of the entire breast along with
underarm lymph nodes and muscles
underneath the breast.
16. HOW IS THE BREAST DESIGNED?
1. Chest wall.
2. Pectoral muscles.
3. Lobules (glands that
make milk).
4. Nipple surface.
5. Areola.
6. Lactiferous duct tube
that carries milk to the
nipple
7. Fatty tissue.
17.
18. THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Lymphatic System which consists of vessels and
organs plays two vital roles in our lives:
1) The vessels essentially maintain interstitial
fluid levels by carrying excess fluids as well as
any plasma proteins, back into the CVS.
2) The organs, house critical immune cells such
as
lymphocytes which carry out our body defense
against infection.
19. Most of the lymph vessels of the breast
drain into:
Lymph nodes under the arm (auxiliary
nodes).
Lymph nodes around the collar bone
(supraclavicular and infraclavicular lymph
nodes)
Lymph nodes inside the chest near the
breast bone (internal mammary lymph
nodes)
20.
21. TYPES OF BREAST CANCER
DUCTAL
CARCINOMA
INFLAMMATORY
BREAST CANCER
(IBC)
LOBULAR
CARCINOMA
INVASIVE LOBULAR
CARCINOMA
INVASIVE DUCTAL
CARCINOMA
DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN
SITU (DCIS)
LOBULAR CARCINOMA
IN SITU(LCIS)
25. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTES TO
BREAST CANCER
1. Gender
2. Age
3. Genetic risk factors
4. Family history
5. Personal history of breast cancer
26. CONT…
Race/ethnic background
Dense breasts tissue
Certain benign (not cancer) breast
problems
Menstrual periods
Breast radiation early in life
27. CONT…
Gender: more prevalent in women.
Age: The chance of getting breast
cancer goes up
as a woman gets older.
Over 80% of all female breast
cancers occur among women aged
50+ years
28.
29. GENETIC RISK FACTOR:
Women Who Carry The BRCA1 And BRCA2 Genes
Have A Considerably Higher Risk Of Developing
Breast Cancer.
30.
31. Family history:
Breast cancer risk is higher among
women whose close blood relatives
have this disease.
Personal history of breast cancer:
A woman with cancer in one breast
has a greater chance of getting a new
cancer in the other breast or in
another part of the same
32. Race/Ethnic background
Overall, white women are slightly more
likely
to get breast cancer than African-
American
women.
African-American women, though, are
more
likely to die of breast cancer.
Asian, Hispanic, and Native-American
women
33. Dense breast tissue: Dense breast
tissue means
there is more gland tissue and less
fatty tissue.
Certain benign (not cancer) breast
problems:
Women who have certain benign
breast
changes may have an increased risk
of breast cancer.
34. Menstrual period: Women who began
having
periods early (before age 12) or who went
through the change of life (menopause)
after
the age of 55 have a slightly increased risk
of
breast cancer.
Breast radiation early in life: Women
who
have had radiation treatment to the chest
35. Not having children or having them
later in life.
Certain kinds of birth control
Using hormone therapy after
menopause
Not breastfeeding
Alcohol
Being overweight or obese
36. Tobacco smoke: Smoking may
increase the risk of breast cancer.
Night work: A few studies have
suggested that women who work at
night have a higher risk of breast
cancer.
37. The veteran beauty was
diagnosed with breast cancer
in 2002, when she was 54-
years-old. 6 chemotherapies
and 35 radiations later, she
managed to hold and was
quoted telling bangalore
times: "I don't give up easily.
Even death will have to fight
me." She followed a tight
regime to get back in shape
and can still turn heads with
her charm.
39. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF BREAST
CANCER
A lump in a breast.
A pain in the armpits or breast that
does not seem to be related to the
woman's menstrual period.
Pitting or redness of the skin of the
breast; like the skin of an orange.
A rash around (or on) one of the
nipples
40. A swelling (lump) in one of the
armpits.
An area of thickened tissue in a
breast.
One of the nipples has a discharge;
sometimes it may contain blood
41. The nipple changes in appearance;
it may become sunken or inverted.
The size or the shape of the breast
changes.
The nipple-skin or breast-skin may
have started to peel, scale or flake.
42.
43. STAGING OF BREAST CANCER
The TNM staging system
This system takes into account:
a) the tumor size and spread (T),
b) whether the cancer has spread to
lymph nodes (N) And
c) whether it has spread to distant
organs (M) for metastasis
44. STAGING OF BREAST CANCER
1. Stage 0
2. Stage I
3. Stage II
4. Stage III
5. Stage IV
45. Stage 0 : Non – Invasive breast cancer.
Has not spread to breast tissues.
Stage I : ≤ 2cm and has not spread to
lymph nodes.
Stage II
Stage IIA: ≤ 2 cm and has spread to
lymph nodes or 2-5 cm and has spread
to lymph nodes.
Stage IIB: 2-5 cm and has spread to
lymph nodes or > 5 cm and has not
spread to lymph nodes.
46. Stage III
Stage IIIA: ≤ 5cm and spread to lymph
nodes forming clumps or >5 cm and
spread to lymph nodes without forming
clumps.
Stage IIIB: Any size and spread to the
skin or
chest wall. Swelling.
Stage IIIC: Any size , spread to lymph
nodes, skin and chest wall.
Stage IV: Metastasized
47. THE MAIN BREAST CANCER
TREATMENT OPTIONS MAY INCLUDE
A. Surgery
B. Radiation therapy
C. Biological therapy (targeted
drug therapy)
D. Hormone therapy
E. Chemotherapy
49. CERVICAL CANCER
It is a cancer of the female
reproductive tract
It is the most common cause of
cancer death in the world where Pap
tests are not available
It is the easiest gynecologic cancer to
prevent through screening and early
vaccination
50. WHAT IS THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
TRACT?
1.Vulva
2.Vagina
3. Cervix
4. Uterus
5.Fallopian tubes
6.Ovaries
51. WHAT IS THE CERVIX?
Opening of the uterus
(womb) into the vagina
1.Two cell types present
(squamous and glandular)
2.Cervical cancer tends to
occur where the two cell
types meet
52. WHO IS AT RISK?
Women who have ever had sex
Women who have had more than one
partner
Women whose partner (s) has had
more than one sexual partner
Women who have had a sexually-
transmitted disease
53. CONT…
Women who do not have Pap tests
1. Women with immune problems including
those
who:
-Use steroid medications on a regular basis
-Have organ transplant
- Are undergoing chemotherapy
-Are infected with HIV
2. Women who smoke-smoking all by itself
increases the risk of HPV infection and
cervical
54. HOW DO I LOWER MY RISK?
1. Delay onset of sexual activity or remain
abstinent
2. Know your sexual partner
3. Do not smoke
4. Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle
5. Practice safe sex. Condoms decrease the
chance of HPV exposure.
6. If eligible, consider getting the vaccine that
prevents most cervical cancers.
7.Get your Pap test and HPV testing as
recommended by your health care provider.
55. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• Bleeding that occurs between regular
menstrual periods
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse, douching,
or a pelvic exam
• Menstrual periods that last longer and are
heavier than before
• Bleeding after going through menopause
• Increased vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain
56. STAGES OF CERVICAL CANCER
1. Stage I. Cancer is confined to the
cervix.
2. Stage II. Cancer at this stage includes
the cervix and uterus, but hasn't
spread to the pelvic wall or the lower
portion of the vagina.
57. 3. Stage III. Cancer at this stage has
moved
beyond the cervix and uterus to the pelvic
wall or the lower portion of the vagina.
4. Stage IV. At this stage, cancer has
spread
to nearby organs, such as the bladder or
rectum, or it has spread to other areas of
the body, such as the lungs, liver or
bones.
59. Ovarian cancer
on 29th november 2012, it
was reported that manisha
had been diagnosed with
ovarian cancer and
underwent surgery on 10th
december. The surgery was
successful. The bollywood
star gave the performance
of her lifetime by battling
cancer and coming out on
top. She has been cancer
free for almost 2 years
now.
60. Lets fight against cancer
…..join hands……
…..take preventive measures…….
…..update yourself…..
…..take care…..
