Bearing joints are used at right angles where two members meet to provide strength. Various bearing joints are described including the chase-mortise joint, cogged joint, double tenon joint, dovetailed joint, halved joint, housed joint, and joggle tenon joint. The most common bearing joint is the mortise and tenon joint, which involves cutting a tenon on one member that fits into a corresponding mortise cut into the other member. Other joints like the notched joint, tusk-tenon joint, and oblique shouldered joints are used when members meet at obtuse or acute angles.

1. BEARING JOINTS
These joints are employed to give sufficient
strength at the junction when two members are
meeting at right angles.

2. Various forms of bearing joints
1.Chase-mortise joint
2.Cogged joint
3.Double tenon joint
4.Dovetail joint
5.Halved joint
6.Housed joint
7.Joggle tenon joint
8.Mortise and tenon joint

3. 1.CHASE-MORTISE JOINT
• The joint is used when a timber piece is to be placed between
two members which are previously fixed.
• A chase or recess of wedge shaped is formed.
• The cross piece is provided with tenon of corresponding
shape.

4. 2. COGGED JOINT
• These joint is used when it is desired to maintain the full
depth of beam for strength.
• The lower piece is provided with a projection at the centre.
this uncut is called a cog and upper piece contains a small notch
to accommodate this cog.

5. 3.DOUBLE -TENON JOINT
• This joint consist of double tenon and is used for large size
timber piece.

6. 4. DOVETAIL JOINT
• In this type of joint one edge of tenon is cut obliquely.
• The mortise is made slightly wider and joint is made tight by
introducing wedge.
• When the tenon does not extent for the full thikness it is
known as stopped dovetail joint.

7. 5.HALVED JOINT
• In this type of joint half the thickness of each timber piece is
cut out to form this joint.
• The Halved joint is useful when it is desired to have no
projecting portion at the joint as in case of joining wall plates.
Angle Halved
Longitudinal Halved Joint
Joint
Bevelled Halved
Tee Halved Joint Joint

8. 6. HOUSED JOINT
• In this type of joint the whole end of one piece of timber is
accommodated or housed for a short distance into the other
piece.
Housed Joint

9. 7. JOGGLE TENON JOINT
• In this type of joint tenon is short and it does not extent to the
full depth of mortise.
Joggle- Tenon Joint

10. 8. MORTISE AND TENON JOINT
• This is the most common type of joint used in carpentry
• It consists of a tenon and mortise.
• Tenon is formed by cutting both the sides of a timber piece .
• It thickness is about a 1/3rd the thickness of the timber piece.
• A corresponding hole is made in the other piece to
accommodate tenon.
• This hole is known as mortise.
• The sides of the mortise are known as the cheeks.
• The surface from which tenon springs is known as root of
tenon and the remaining portions are known as shoulders.

11. 8. MORTISE AND TENON JOINT

12. 9. NOTCHED JOINT
• This joint consist of forming a notch in one or the pieces of
the timber.
• The former is known as single notched joint and a latter is
called double notched joint.

13. 10. TUSK- TENON JOINT
• This joint is formed of tenon, tusk and horn.
• The tusk is the projecting portion below tenon and horn is the
bevelled portion above tenon.
• The wedges are employed to strengthen
the joint.
• This joint is strong and it is widely
used in timber floor construction.

14. OBLIQUE SHOULDERED JOINTS
These joints are used where member to be joined meet at an obtuse or actute angle
such as in timber truss construction where the principle rafter tie beam struts etc
meet obliquely. Following are the common types of oblique joints
BRIDDLE JOINT
MITRED JOINT
DOVETAILED HALVED JOINT
BIRDS Mouth JOINT
OBLIQUE TENON JOINT

15. • BRIDDLE JOINT
A bridle joint is a woodworking joint in that a tenon is cut on the end of one member
and a mortise is cut into the other to accept it.
The corner bridle joint (also known as a slot mortise and tenon) joins two members at
their respective ends, forming a corner. This form of the joint is commonly used to
house a rail in uprights, such as legs. It provides good strength in compression and
is fairly resistant to Stacking, although a mechanical fastener or pin is often
required.

16. • METRE JOINT
• a joint made by bevelling each of two parts to be joined, usually at a 45° angle, to
form a corner, usually a 90° angle. A disadvantage of a miter joint is its weakness
but it can be strengthened with a spline.
• Common applications include picture frames, pipes and molding.

17. • Birds mouth joint
This joint is formed by cutting an angular notch called birds mouth in the
main member, to which the other member is partly inserted and fitted

18. • OBLIQUE TENON JOINT
This is used for connecting a horizontal member to an inclined member both the
members being of bigger size the tenton of inclined member is oblique which fits
into corresponding mortise hole of the horizontal member. The joint is further
strengthened by bolts, keys, straps etc.

19. BRIDLE JOINTS
These joints are used when a light frame is needed and strength is not the
main requirement. For example, a picture frame. One part of the joint fits into
the other part and is glued permanently in position. The angled bridle joint
can be used a a substitute for a mortise and tenon joint, again if strength is not
important.
PLAIN BRIDLE JOINT ANGLED BRIDLE JOINT

20. BUTT JOINTS
These joints are the most straightforward of all of the wood joints simply because they
require no cutting out. All you need to do is ensure both ends are square and bring them
up to each other at right angles as shown below and nail (and glue) the faces together.
Notice that the nails have been
driven in at an angle in a process
called Dovetail Nailing. This is to
give both parts more of a grip and
help prevent the pieces from being
pulled apart too easily.

21. CORNER REBATE JOINTS
The shoulder or lapped joint is very common and is used for furniture
and box constructions such as jewellery boxes. The joint below is a
simple lapped joint. The shoulder can be seen clearly, this is usually
planed using a rebate/shoulder plane or combination plane. This type of
joint is often seen as a corner joint.
Here is a shoulder plane taking the rebate out with
the help of a piece of scrap wood clamped in
place. There are a few other ways of creating a
rebate.

22. CROSS HALVING JOINTS
Cross halving joints are probably the most simple of joints to mark out and cut.
They are used whenever it is necessary to join two pieces of wood that cross over
each other. Sometimes these joints can be seen on the strengthening rails of tables
and chairs.

23. DOWEL JOINTS
Here is another way to create a joint in wood. It is a permanent method but it is not the
strongest joint as the parts can eventually pull apart, especially as the joint becomes
old. Modern glues that are very strong have meant that this joint is often used to
quickly fix parts together.
These dowel pins Some other dowelled joints in use.
can be used to
Obviously when
using this jointing mark the wood to
method, you have help ensure the
to make sure the distance between
distance between the holes is a good
the holes is exactly match.
the same as the
distance between
the dowels.

24. FINGER JOINT
This a good example of a ‘finger’ or ‘comb’ joint. It is ideal for box
construction and is suitable for use with natural woods such as pine and
mahogany or even manufactured boards such as plywood and MDF. The
joint is strong especially when used with a good quality glue such as PVA
(woodworkers adhesive) or cascamite.
The number of fingers on each
end will vary depending on the
size of the box being made.

25. MITRE JOINTS
A Mitre Joint is used where two pieces of wood need to be positioned next
to each other at exactly 90o. A 45o cut is made on either end and when they
are placed against each other, a 90o corner is achieved.
The most common
use for Mitre Joints
is in the
construction of
Using this would joint would create an ‘L’ wooden picture
shape with two pieces of wood. frames. They are
often made up of
four pieces of wood
with Mitres cut on
both ends of each.

26. Thank You !!!
Dipesh Patel