2. ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION-MATHS IN NATURE-MATHS
HELP OUR LIVES-MATHS IN
ENGINEERING-GEOMETRY IN CIVIL-
MATHS IN MEDICINE-MATHS IN
BIOLOGY-MATHS IN MUSIC-MATHS IN
FORENSIC-CONCLUSION.
3. INTRODUCTION
What use is maths in everyday life?
"Maths is all around us, it's everywhere we go". It's a lyric
that could so easily have been sung by Wet Wet Wet. It may
not have made it onto the Four Weddings soundtrack, but it
certainly would have been profoundly true.
Not only does maths underlie every process and pattern that
occurs in the world around us, but having a good
understanding of it will help enormously in everyday life.
Being quick at mental arithmetic will save you pounds in the
supermarket, and a knowledge of statistics will help you see
through the baloney in television adverts or newspaper
articles, and to understand the torrent of information you'll
hear about your local football team.
5. HEXAGON IN NATURE
A honeycomb is an array of hexagonal (six-
sided) cells, made of wax produced by
worker bees. Hexagons fit together to fill all
the available space, giving a strong
structure with no gaps. Squares would also
fill the space, but would not give a rigid
structure. Triangles would fill the space and
be rigid, but it would be difficult to get
honey out of their corners.
7. You can cut all sorts of fruit and
vegetables into fractions: cut a
tomato in half, an apple into
quarters or a banana into eighths,
although you would have to be very
accurate. An orange might have 20
segments, and each would be a
20th of the whole orange
9. A globe is a good example of rotational
symmetry in a three-dimensional
object. The globe keeps its shape as
it is turned on its stand around an
imaginary line between the north
and south poles. The globe shown
here dates from the late 15th or
early 16th century and is one of the
earliest three-dimensional
representations of the surface of the
Earth. It can be found in the
Historical Academy in Madrid.
11. Using money is a good way of
understanding percentages. As there
are 100 pence in £1, one hundredth of
£1 is therefore 1 pence, meaning that 1
per cent of £1 is 1 pence. From this we
can calculate that 50 per cent of £1 is 50
pence. This photograph shows three
British currency notes: a £5 note, a £10
note and a £20 note. If 50 pence is 50
per cent of £1, then £5 is 50 per cent of
£10, and so £10 is 50 per cent of £20.
13. • A pocket calculator is one way in which
decimals are used in everyday life. The
value of each digit shown is determined
by its place in the entire row of
numbers on the screen. In this
photograph, the 7 is worth 700 (seven
hundreds), the 8 is worth 80 (eight tens)
and the 6 is worth 6 (six ones).
16. An article in the Sunday Times in June 2004
revealed the fact that you can't even assume
that buying larger bags of exactly the same
pasta would work out cheaper. It said that in
many of the supermarkets buying in bulk, for
example picking up a six-pack of beer rather
than six single cans, was in fact more expensive.
The newspaper found that the difference can be
as much as 30%. The supermarket chains may
be exploiting the assumption people have that
buying in bulk is cheaper, but if you work it out
quickly in your head you'll never be caught out.
18. How many adverts have you heard that
make some claim such as "8 out of 10
women prefer our shampoo to their old
one"? Did those enthusiasts think it was
greatly better, or not really much of a
difference? What about the other 20%?
They might have absolutely hated it
because it made all their hair fall out! And
what question were they answering: that
they really believe it made their hair any
cleaner than a different shampoo, or that
they preferred the smell, or shape of the
bottle?
19. MATHS IN
ENGINEERING
• If it is rainy and cold outside, you
will be happy to stay at home a
while longer and have a nice hot
cup of tea. But someone has built
the house you are in, made sure it
keeps the cold out and the
warmth in, and provided you with
running water for the tea. This
someone is most likely an
engineer. Engineers are
responsible for just about
everything we take for granted in
the world around us, from tall
buildings, tunnels and football
stadiums, to access to clean
drinking water. They also design
and build vehicles, aircraft, boats
and ships. What's more, engineers
help to develop things which are
important for the future, such as
generating energy from the sun,
wind or waves. Maths is involved
in everything an engineer does,
whether it is working out how
much concrete is needed to build
20. GEOMETRY IN CIVIL
This a pictures with some basic
geometric structures. This is a
modern reconstruction of the
English Wigwam. As you can
there the door way is a
rectangle, and the wooden
panels on the side of the
house are made up of planes
and lines. Except for really
planes can go on forever. The
panels are also shaped in the
shape of squares. The house
itself is half a cylinder.
21. LINES&PLANES
Here is another modern
reconstruction if of a
English Wigwam. This
house is much similar to
the one before. It used a
rectangle as a doorway,
which is marked with the
right angles. The house
was made with sticks
which was straight lines at
one point. With the sticks
in place they form squares
when they intercepts. This
English Wigwam is also
half a cylinder.
22. PARALLELOGRAMS
This is a modern day
skyscraper at MIT.
The openings and
windows are all
made up of
parallelograms.
Much of them are
rectangles and
squares. This is a
parallelogram kind of
building.
23. CUBES AND CONES
This is the Hancock Tower, in
Chicago. With this image,
we can show you more 3D
shapes. As you can see the
tower is formed by a large
cube. The windows are
parallelogram. The other
structure is made up of a
cone. There is a point at the
top where all the sides
meet, and There is a base
for it also which makes it a
cone.
24. SPHERE AND CUBE
This is another building at
MIT. this building is made
up of cubes, squares and
a sphere. The cube is the
main building and the
squares are the windows.
The doorways are
rectangle, like always. On
this building There is a
structure on the room that
is made up of a sphere.
25. PYRAMIDS
This is the Pyramids, in
Indianapolis. The pyramids
are made up of pyramids, of
course, and squares. There are
also many 3D geometric
shapes in these pyramids. The
building itself is made up of a
pyramid, the windows a made
up of tinted squares, and the
borders of the outside walls
and windows are made up of
3D geometric shapes.
26. RECTANGLES AND
CIRCLES
This is a Chevrolet SSR Roadster
Pickup. This car is built with
geometry. The wheels and
lights are circles, the doors
are rectangular prisms, the
main area for a person to
drive and sit in it a half a
sphere with the sides chopped
off which makes it 1/4 of a
sphere. If a person would look
very closely the person would
see a lot more shapes in the
car. Too many to list.
27. GEOMETRY IN CAD
Geometry is a part of
mathematics concerned with
questions of size, shape, and
relative position of figures
and with properties of space.
Geometry is one of the oldest
sciences
Computer-aided design,
computer-aided geometric
design. Representing shapes
in computers, and using
these descriptions to create
images, to instruct people or
machines to build the shapes,
etc. (e.g. the hood of a car,
the overlay of parts in a
building construction, even
parts of computer animation).
28. Computer graphics is based
on geometry - how images
are transformed when
viewed in various ways.
Robotics. Robotic vision,
planning how to grasp a
shape with a robot arm, or
how to move a large shape
without collission.
29. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Structural
engineering. What
shapes are rigid or
flexible, how they
respond to forces and
stresses. Statics
(resolution of forces)
is essentially
geometry. This goes
over into all levels of
design, form, and
function of many
things.
30. MATHS IN MEDICINE
Medical imaging - how to reconstruct
the shape of a tumor from CAT
scans, and other medical
measurements. Lots of new
geometry and other math was
(and still is being) developed for
this.
Protein modeling. Much of the
function of a protein is determined
by its shape and how the pieces
move. Mad Cow Disease is
caused by the introduction of a
'shape' into the brain (a shape
carried by a protein). Many drugs
are designed to change the shape
or motions of a protein -
something that we are just now
working to model, even
approximately, in computers,
using geometry and related areas
31. MATHS IN BIOLOGY
Physics, chemistry, biology,
Symmetry is a central concept
of many studies in science - and
also the central concept of
modern studies of geometry.
Students struggle in university
science if they are not able to
detect symmetries of an object
(molecule in stereo chemistry,
systems of laws in physics, ... ).
the study of transformations and
related symmetries has been,
since 1870s the defining
characteristic of geometric
studies
32. MATHS IN MUSIC
Music theorists often use mathematics to
understand musical structure and
communicate new ways of hearing music. This
has led to musical applications of set theory,
abstract algebra, and number theory. Music
scholars have also used mathematics to
understand musical scales, and some
composers have incorporated the Golden ratio
and Fibonacci numbers into their work.
33. INTONATION
If we take the ratios constituting a scale in just intonation, there
will be a largest prime number to be found among their prime
factorizations. This is called the prime limit of the scale. A scale
which uses only the primes 2, 3 and 5 is called a 5-limit scale; in
such a scale, all tones are regular number harmonics of a single
fundamental frequency. Below is a typical example of a 5-limit
justly tuned scale, one of the scales Johannes Kepler presents in
his Harmonice Mundi or Harmonics of the World of 1619, in
connection with planetary motion. The same scale was given in
transposed form by Alexander Malcolm in 1721 and theorist
Jose Wuerschmidt in the last century and is used in an inverted
form in the music of northern India. American composer Terry
Riley also made use of the inverted form of it in his "Harp of
New Albion". Despite this impressive pedigree, it is only one out
of large number of somewhat similar scales.
34. MATHS IN FORENSIC
MATHS IS APLLIED TO CLARIFY THE
BLURRED IMAGE TO CLEAR IMAGE.
THIS IS DONE BY USING
DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL
CALCULUS.
35. TO FIND RACE
In forensic department the race and sex of
humans can be found by using subpubic
angles between the bones of pelvis.
