Presentati

1. Volunteer Safety
What You Can’t See Will Kill You...
Veronica Bonales, M.D.
Redwood Memorial Hospital, Pre-Hospital Care M.D.
CEPAmerica Emergency Medicine

3. Bloodborne Pathogens are...
a. Dangerous germs that live everywhere
b. Microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause
disease in humans
c. Harmless germs
d. Bacteria that live everywhere in the body that can cause severe
sickness

4. How can HIV, HBV, and HCV be spread?
a. Casual contact, such as shaking hands or hugging
b.Through saliva not contaminated with blood
c. By getting infected blood on your normal intact skin
d. By getting infected blood into a mucus membrane

5. What is the primary way HIV and HBV are spread?
a. Sexual contact
b. Providing First Aid care
c. Cleaning up a blood spill
d. Needlesticks

6. Standard Precautions means to...
a. Be concerned with only blood as possibly infectious
b. Wear gloves for people who look sick
c. Treat all body fluids as potentially infectious
d. Wear goggles and a gown to treat all people

7. Each work place must have an ______________ in writing which describes
infection control practices.
a.!Emergency Plan for Bloodborne Pathogens
b. Infection Action Plan
c.!Internal Communication Document
d.!Exposure Control Plan

8. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is based on...
a. The possible presence of any type of body fluids
b. Personal preference
c. The types of body fluids that can be recognized
d. Whether or not the person looks sick

9. ______________ is the most important means to control transmission of
bloodborne pathogens.
a.! Reviewing the person’s medical history
b.! Getting the Hepatitis B vaccine
c.! Wearing gloves for patient treatment
d. Practicing Standard Precautions

10. Which of the following are considered hazardous waste?
a. OPIM (Other Potentially Infectious Materials)
b. Gloves
c. Needles
d. Both A and C

11. HIV, HBV, and HCV are spread by casual contact such as shaking
hands, hugging, toilets, swimming pools, etc...
a. False
b. True
c. Only if the infected person has both HIV and HBC
d. Only if your bare skin touches the infected person

12. What should you do if you have been potentially exposed to bloodborne
pathogens?
a. Get a medical evaluation first, then report to your supervisor
b. Decontaminate, report incident to supervisor, and receive
medical evaluation immediately
c. Get a medical evaluation after you finish working your shift
d. Notify your supervisor first then decontaminate

13. Bloodborne Pathogens

14. Bloodborne:
Bodily fluids, amniotic fluid (Uterus)
pericardial fluid (Heart)
especially those
peritoneal fluid (Abdomen
visibly
Semen
contaminated
vaginal secretions
with blood
Blood
cerebrospinal fluid
(Brain) any body fluid
contaminated with blood
synovial fluid (Joints)
body fluids that cannot be
pleural fluid (Lungs) recognized

15. Sexual contact is the primary mode of transmission
for Bloodborne Pathogens, however the risk of
exposure does exist while providing medical or first
aid care
When a contaminated sharp object cuts or punctures
the skin. (Parenteral examples: needle stick, illegal
drug usage, cut from broken glass, bite)
When an infected body fluid gets into an open cut or
mucous membrane (inside eyes, mouth, ears or nose)
When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin,
acne, or skin abrasion

16. Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B
HIV
Not Bloodborne

17. Hepatitis C
Virus
Affects the liver
Acute
Chronic (80%)
No vaccination or
cure

18. Hepatitis C
Causes cirrhosis
Can cause cancer
Needle stick, IV drug
use, unprotected sex,
tattoos, mother to
infant, transfusion
or transplant

19. Hepatitis B
Virus
Affects the liver
100x easier to get
than HIV
Can live 7 days
outside of the
body
Vaccine available

20. Hepatitis B
Unprotected sex,
mother to infant,
sharing needles,
needlestick injury
3 shots/6 months
10% chronic - may
lead to cancer

21. HIV
Virus - best studied
Attacks immune
system --> AIDS
Early symptoms:
fever, fatigue, wt.
loss, rash
Disease not active for
years

22. HIV
Unprotected sex,
mother to infant
during birth or
breast-feeding, IV
drug use
<1% to health care
workers
Vaccine in the
works, no cure

23. Not Bloodborne
Influenza, Measles, Chicken Pox, Shingles
Viruses spread by respiratory droplets
Pertussis, Tuberculosis
Bacteria spread by coughing/sneezing
Scabies, Lice
Prolonged contact with skin

24. Germophobia

25. Systems Check
An adequate number A mode of
of pathogens, or transmission from the
disease-causing source to the host.
organisms.
An entrance through
A reservoir or source which the pathogen
that allows the may enter the host.
pathogen to survive
and multiply (e.g., A susceptible host (i.e.,
blood). one who is not
immune)

26. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
**TREAT ALL BODY FLUIDS FROM ALL
PERSONS AS POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS**
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Gloves, shields, masks, goggles, gowns
Know what they are, where they are, and how to
use them

27. Protect Yourself
One Hand method of recapping needles
Discard sharps in proper containers
Don’t put anything in your mouth or on
your face if there’s a potential BBP
exposure

28. Cleaning Up
Other Potentially Infectious Material
(afterbirth, pieces of tissue, clots, etc)
Place in biohazard bags and dispose
properly
1/4 cup bleach to gallon of water to
clean, but FIRST put on PPE!!

29. How to Remove Gloves
Let’s practice!

30. If exposed...!
Decontaminate
Report incident
Seek medical attention

31. Questions...?

32. Follow Standard Precautions
Use PPE’s for every patient encounter
Decontaminate, report, seek medical care

33. Veronica
Bonales, M.D.
www.slideshare.net/docmontey
docmontey@yahoo.com
Facebook