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Similaire à Chapter 36 Immunization Powerpoint (20)
Chapter 36 Immunization Powerpoint
- 1. Chapter 36
VACCINES
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- 2. What are Vaccines?
Suspensions of live, attenuated
(weakened) or killed (inactivated)
microorganisms
The weakened form prevents the person
from contracting the disease
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- 3. Vaccines (cont’d)
Also stimulate the production of antigens
against a specific antibody
Vaccinations with live bacteria or virus
provide lifelong immunity
Vaccinations with killed bacteria or virus
provide partial immunity, and booster
shots are needed periodically
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- 4. Types of Immunity
Active immunity
Body produces
antibodies
Acquired immunity
Exposed to antigen
Passive immunity
Receives antibodies
from another source
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- 5. Vaccines
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Antigen
Attenuated virus
Toxoids
Conjugate vaccines
Recombinant subunit vaccines
Adjuvant
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- 6. Examples of Vaccine Preventable
Diseases
Anthrax
Diphtheria
Haemophilus influenzae
type B (Hib)
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Human papillomavirus
Influenza
Japanese encephalitis
Measles
Meningococcal disease
Mumps
Pertussis
Poliomyelitis
Rabies
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Typhoid
Varicella
Yellow fever
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- 7. Childhood Immunizations
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC)
Recommendation for childhood
immunizations:
www.cdc.gov/vaccines
Immunization Action Coalition
Summary of rules for childhood
immunizations:
www.immunize.org/catg.d/p201
0.pdf
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- 8. Adult Immunizations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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(CDC)
Recommendation for adult immunizations:
www.cdc.gov/vaccines
Immunization Action Coalition
Summary of rules for adult immunizations:
www.immunize.org/catg.d./p2011.pdf
Cocooning ??????? Page 493
A strategy that focuses on immunizing adults in
close contact with newborns and young infants to
protect the babies from contracting vaccine-preventable
diseases in the months before they
are eligible to receive the vaccine themselves.
- 9. Adult Immunizations
Recommended adult immunizations
Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis, tetanus-diphtheria
Influenza-now recommended for EVERYONE
> 6mos old
Pneumococcal polysaccharide
Human papillomavirus
MMR
Varicella
Zoster
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- 10. Immunization Before
Foreign Travel
All immunizations indicated based on age
and/or immunization history
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Typhoid
Yellow fever
Meningococcal disease
Rabies
Japanese encephalitis
www.cdc.gov/travel
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- 11. Reporting of Disease and Adverse
Reactions
All health care providers responsible for
reporting vaccine-preventable diseases
Contraindications for vaccines
Report adverse reactions (VAERS)
http://vaers.hhs.gov/index
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- 12. Varicella Vaccine
Pharmacodynamics
Contraindications
Mode of action/therapeutic effects
Drug interactions
Side effects/adverse reactions
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- 13. Future of Vaccines
Anthrax: www.anthrax.osd.mil
Smallpox
Pertussis: Adacel, Boostrix
Herpes zoster: Zostavax
Rotavirus: RotaTeq
Human papillomavirus: Gardasil
Pneumococci: Prevnar
Neisseria meningitides and Haemophilus
influenza type B: Menhibrix
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- 14. Practice Question #1
A patient receives a vaccine that contains
components of an inactivated (killed)
microorganism. The nurse identifies the type of
vaccine as
A. traditional vaccine.
B. attenuated virus.
C. toxoid.
D. recombinant subunit vaccine.
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- 15. Practice Question #2
A physically and medically neglected 15-month-old
child has been placed in foster care. The foster
parents bring the child to the clinic for immunization
updates. They have no idea what, if any, vaccines
the child has previously received. The nurse
anticipates administering which vaccines?
A. No vaccines; assume the child is up to date
B. DTaP #4, Hib #4, and MMR #1
C. MMR, IPV, PCV, hepatitis B, and varicella
D. DTaP, Hib, hepatitis B, MMR, IPV, PCV, and
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varicella
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- 16. Practice Question #3
The procedure of immunizing adults in close
contact with newborns and young infants to
protect the babies from contracting vaccine-preventable
diseases in the months before they
are eligible to receive the vaccine themselves is
called
A. swaddling.
B. isolating.
C. stabilizing.
D. cocooning.
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- 17. Practice Question #4
Newborns receive immunities via the transfer
of maternal antibodies across the placenta.
This is known as
A.natural, passive immunity.
B.acquired, passive immunity.
C.natural, active immunity.
D.acquired, active immunity.
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- 18. Practice Question #5
Before administering the varicella vaccine, it is
most important for the nurse to assess the
patient for a history of allergy to
A. penicillin.
B. eggs.
C. neomycin.
D. milk.
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- 19. Practice Question #6
Which statement about Zostivax does the nurse
identify as being true?
A. Zostivax is indicated for the treatment of patients at
age 40 years.
B. Zostivax is a live attenuated vaccine.
C. Zostivax should be administered every other year.
D. Zostivax prevented the development of zoster in
90% of the people who received the vaccine.
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- 20. Practice Question #7
Which is the first vaccine developed to prevent
cancer?
A. RotaTeq
B. Prevnar
C. Menhibrix
D. Gardasil
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- 21. THE END
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- 22. Other Vaccines of Interest
Anthrax
Smallpox
Typhoid
Yellow fever
FluMist
Contraindications
Drug interactions
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- 23. Future of Vaccines
New vaccine delivery forms
New combination vaccines
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- 24. Nursing interventions, including client teaching,
related to the administration of vaccines
Assess patient’s health history, medication
history, allergies, pregnancy status
Assess previous reactions and responses
to immunizations
Assess for contraindications, including
immunosuppression
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- 25. Nursing Implications (cont’d)
Before giving any drug, recheck the
specific protocols for administration and
schedules for administration
Follow manufacturer’s guidelines for drug
storage, administration, routes, and site of
administration
Encourage parents of young children to
keep a journal of the child’s immunization
status, with dates of immunizations and
reactions, if any
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- 26. Nursing Implications (cont’d)
If discomfort occurs at the injection site,
apply warm compresses and give
acetaminophen
Do not give aspirin to children
Monitor for therapeutic responses and
adverse reactions
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- 27. Practice Question #1
The nurse knows that the following are true
statements about FluMist, except
A. It is recommended for healthy individuals age 5 to
49 years.
B. It is a live vaccine.
C. It is recommended for all healthcare workers.
D. Recipients may spread the disease.
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- 28. Practice Question #1 (cont’d)
Answer: C
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