Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Csf
1.
2. The cerebrospinal Fluid [CSF] is a clear,
colorless transparent, tissue fluid present in
the cerebral ventricles, spinal canal, and
subarachnoid spaces.
3.
4. CSF is largely formed by the choroid plexus of the lateral
ventricle and remainder in the third and fourth ventricles.
About 30% of the CSF is also formed from the ependymal
cells lining the ventricles and other brain capillaries.
The choroid plexus of the ventricles actively secrete
cerebrospinal fluid.
The choroid plexuses are highly vascular tufts covered by
ependyma.
5. This plexus projects mainly into
1) the temporal horn of each lateral ventricle,
2) the posterior portion of the third ventricle,
3) the roof of the fourth ventricle.
6.
7. The entire cerebral cavity enclosing the brain and spinal
cord has a capacity of about 1600 to 1700 milliliters
About 150 milliliters of this capacity is occupied by
cerebrospinal fluid and the remainder by the brain and
cord.
8. Rate of formation:
About 20-25 ml/hour
550 ml/day in adults. Turns over 3.7 times a day
Total quantity: 150 ml:
30-40 ml within the ventricles
About 110-120 ml in the subarachnoid space [of which
75-80 ml in spinal part and 25-30 ml in the cranial part].
9. Lateral ventricle
Foramen of Monro [Interventricular foramen]
Third ventricle:
Subarachnoid space of Brain and Spinal cord
Fourth ventricle:
Cerebral aqueduct
Foramen of megendie and formen of luschka
10.
11. The arachnoidal villi are fingerlike inward projections of the
arachnoidal membrane through the walls into venous sinuses.
villi form arachnoidal granulations can protruding into the
sinuses.
The endothelial cells covering the villi have vesicular passages
directly through the bodies of the cells large enough to allow
relatively free flow of (1) cerebrospinal fluid, (2) dissolved
protein molecules, and (3) even particles as large as red and
white blood cells into the venous blood.
12. ROUTE AND ABSORPTION OF
CSF
Arachnoid villi are microscopic
one-way valves (modified pia and
arachnoid) that penetrate the
meningeal dural layer that line
the sinuses; hence, arachnoid villi
reside within the sinuses
(especially the superior sagittal
sinus).
Clumps of arachnoid villi =
arachnoid granulations =
macroscopic.
13. Proteins = 20-40 mg/100 ml
Glucose = 50-65 mg/100 ml
Cholesterol = 0.2 mg/100 ml
Na+ = 147 meq/Kg H2O
Ca+ = 2.3 meq/kg H2O
Urea = 12.0 mg/100 ml
Creatinine = 1.5 mg/100 ml
Lactic acid = 18.0 mg/100 ml
14. Nature:
Colour = Clear, transparent fluid
Specific gravity = 1.004-1.007
Reaction = Alkaline and does not
coagulate
Cells = 0-3/ cmm
Pressure = 60-150 mm of H2O
The pressure of CSF is increased in standing, coughing,
sneezing, crying, compression of internal Jugular vein
(Queckenstedt’s sign