Integrative medicine, which is also called integrated medicine and integrative health in the combines alternative medicine with evidence-based medicine. Proponents claim that it treats the "whole person," focuses on wellness and health rather than on treating disease, and emphasizes the patient-physician relationship.

1. 1
INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
Integrative medicine, which is also called integrated medicine and
integrative health in the combines alternative medicine with evidence-
based medicine. Proponents claim that it treats the "whole person,"
focuses on wellness and health rather than on treating disease, and
emphasizes the patient-physician relationship.
Definition
David Gorski has written that the term "integrative medicine" has
become the currently preferred term for non-science based medicine.
The Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine
defines it as "THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE THAT REAFFIRMS
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

2. 2
PRACTITIONER AND PATIENT, FOCUSES ON THE WHOLE
PERSON, IS INFORMED BY EVIDENCE, AND MAKES USE OF
ALL APPROPRIATE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES,
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS AND DISCIPLINES TO
ACHIEVE OPTIMAL HEALTH AND HEALING".
Proponents say integrative medicine is not the same as
complementary and alternative medicine nor is it simply the
combination of conventional medicine with complementary and
alternative medicine. They say instead that it "EMPHASIZES
WELLNESS AND HEALING OF THE ENTIRE PERSON (BIO-PSYCHO-
SOCIO-SPIRITUAL DIMENSIONS) as primary goals, drawing on both
conventional and CAM approaches in the context of a supportive and
effective physician-patient relationship".
HEAT THERAPY, also called thermotherapy, is the application of heat
to the body for pain relief and health. It can take the form of a hot
cloth, hot water, ultrasound, heating pad, hydrocollator packs,
whirlpool baths, cordless FIR heat therapy wrap, and many others. It
can be beneficial to those with arthritis and stiff muscles and injuries
to the deep tissue of the skin. Heat may be an effective self-care
treatment for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.[1]
Heat therapy is most commonly used for rehabilitation purposes. The
therapeutic effects of heat include increasing the extensibility of
collagen tissues; decreasing joint stiffness; reducing pain; relieving
muscle spasms; reducing inflammation, edema, and aids in the post
acute phase of healing; and increasing blood flow. The increased blood
flow to the affected area provides proteins, nutrients, and oxygen for
better healing
Direct contact
Moist heat therapy has been believed to be more effective at warming
tissues than dry heat, because water transfers heat more quickly than

3. 3
air. Clinical studies do not support the popular belief that moist heat is
more effective then dry heat. Moist heat results in the perception that
the tissue is heated more deeply. In fact, recent studies indicate that
vasodilation, the expansion of the blood capillaries (vessels) to allow
more blood flow, is improved with dry heat therapy. Expansion of the
blood capillaries is the primary objective of heat therapy. Heat therapy
increases the effect on muscles, joints, and soft tissue. Heat is
typically applied by placing a warming device on the relevant body
part.
Newer breeds of heat therapy devices combine a carbon fiber heater
with a cordless rechargeable lithium battery and are built into the
specific body wrap (i.e., shoulder wrap or back wrap) for targeted heat
therapy. Such devices can be used as alternatives to chemical or
plugged-in heating pads, but have not been shown to improve the
clinical benefit. All devices primarily provide heat to promote
vasodilation.
Infrared radiation
Infrared radiation is a convenient system to heat parts of our body. It
has the advantage over direct contact in that radiation can heat
directly the area where the blood capillaries and neuron terminals are.
When heat comes from a direct contact source it has to heat the
external layer of the skin, and heat is transferred to the deeper layer
by conduction. Since heat conduction needs a temperature gradient to
proceed, and there is a maximum temperature that can be safely used
(around 42°C), this means lower temperature where warming is
needed.
Infrared (IR for short) is the part of the electromagnetic radiation
spectrum comprised between 0.78 μm and 1 mm wavelength. It is
usually divided into three segments:
IR-A, from 0.78 to 1.4 μm.
IR-B, from 1.4 to 3 μm.
IR-C, from 3 μm to 1 mm.

4. 4
IR radiation is more useful than the visible radiation for heating our
body, because we absorb most of it, compared to a strong reflection of
visible light. Penetration depth of infrared radiation in our skin is
dependent of wavelength. IR-A is the most penetrating, and reaches
some millimeters, IR-B penetrates into the dermis (about 1 mm), and
IR-C is mostly absorbed in the external layer of the epidermis
(estratum corneum). For this reason the infrared lamps used for
therapeutic purposes produce mainly IR-A radiation.
Mechanism of action, and indications
Heat creates higher tissue temperatures, which produces vasodilation
that increases the supply of oxygen, and nutrients and the elimination
of carbon dioxide and metabolic waste.[4]
Heat therapy is useful for muscle spasms, myalgia, fibromyalgia,
contracture, bursitis.
Because heat is a vasodilator, it should be avoided in tissues with
inadequate vascular supply, in case of acute injury, in bleeding
disorders (because heat would increase bleeding), in tissues with a
severe lack of sensitivity, in scars.
Another use is the treatment of infection and cancers by the use of
heat. Cancer cells and many bacteria have poor mechanisms for
adapting to and resisting the physiological stresses of heat, and are
more vulnerable to heat-induced death than normal cells.
For headaches
Heat therapy can be used for the treatment of headaches and
migraines. Many people who suffer from chronic headaches also suffer
from tight muscles in their neck and upper back. The application of
constant heat to the back/upper back area can help to release the
tension associated with headache pain. In order to achieve heat
therapy for headaches, many use microwaveable pads which can
often overheat, potentially leading to injury, and lose their heat after a
few minutes. Some new products use heated water, running through

5. 5
pads, to maintain a constant temperature, allowing headache sufferers
to use hands-free heat therapy in the treatment of their headache pain.
MAGNET THERAPY, MAGNETIC THERAPY, OR MAGNOTHERAPY
is a pseudoscientific alternative medicine practice involving the use
of static magnetic fields. Practitioners claim that subjecting certain
parts of the body to magnetostatic fields produced by permanent
magnets has beneficial health effects. These physical and biological
claims are unproven and no effects on health or healing have been
established.[1][2][3]
Although hemoglobin, the blood protein that carries
oxygen, is weakly diamagnetic (when oxygenated) or paramagnetic
(when deoxygenated) the magnets used in magnetic therapy are many
orders of magnitude too weak to have any measurable effect on blood
flow.
Magnet therapy is the application of the magnetic field of
electromagnetic devices or permanent static magnets to the body for
purported health benefits. Some believers assign different effects
based on the orientation of the magnet; under the laws of physics,
magnetic poles are symmetric.[5]
Products include magnetic bracelets and jewelry; magnetic straps for
wrists, ankles, knees, and the back; shoe insoles; mattresses;
magnetic blankets (blankets with magnets woven into the material);
magnetic creams; magnetic supplements; plasters/patches and water
that has been "magnetized". Application is usually performed by the
patient
Purported mechanisms of action
Perhaps the most common suggested mechanism is that magnets
might improve blood flow in underlying tissues. The field surrounding
magnet therapy devices is far too weak and falls off with distance far
too quickly to appreciably affect hemoglobin, other blood components,
muscle tissue, bones, blood vessels, or organs. A 1991 study on
humans of static field strengths up to 1 T found no effect on local

6. 6
blood flow. Tissue oxygenation is similarly unaffected Some
practitioners claim that the magnets can restore the body's
hypothetical "electromagnetic energy balance", but no such balance is
medically recognized. Even in the magnetic fields used in magnetic
resonance imaging, which are many times stronger, none of the
claimed effects are observed. If the body were meaningfully affected
by the weak magnets used in magnet therapy, MRI would be
impractical
Several studies have been conducted in recent years to investigate
what role, if any, static magnetic fields may play in health and healing.
Unbiased studies of magnetic therapy are problematic, since
magnetisation can be easily detected, for instance, by the attraction
forces on ferrous (iron-containing) objects; because of this, effective
blinding of studies (where neither patients nor assessors know who is
receiving treatment versus placebo) is difficult. Incomplete or
insufficient blinding tends to exaggerate treatment effects,
particularly where any such effects are small. Health claims regarding
longevity and cancer treatment are implausible and unsupported by
any research. More mundane health claims, most commonly about
anecdotal pain relief, also lack any credible proposed mechanism and
clinical research is not promising.
Magnet therapy has been promoted as a treatment for cancer and
other diseases; the American Cancer Society state, "available
scientific evidence does not support these claims"

7. 7
AROMATHERAPY/MEDICINAL AROMATHERAPY
: is a form of alternative medicine that uses volatile plant materials,
known as essential oils, and other aromatic compounds for the
purpose of altering a person's mind, mood, cognitive function or
health.
Some essential oils such as tea tree have demonstrated anti-microbial
effects, but there is still a lack of clinical evidence demonstrating
efficacy against bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. Evidence for the
efficacy of aromatherapy in treating medical conditions remains poor,
with a particular lack of studies employing rigorous methodology, but
some evidence exists that essential oils may have therapeutic
potential
Many such oils are described by Dioscorides, along with beliefs of the
time regarding their healing properties, in his De Materia Medica,
written in the first century. Distilled essential oils have been employed
as medicines since the invention of distillation in the eleventh
century,when Avicenna isolated essential oils using steam distillation.
The concept of aromatherapy was first mooted by a small number of
European scientists and doctors, in about 1907. In 1937, the word first
appeared in print in a French book on the subject: Aromathérapie: Les
Huiles Essentielles, Hormones Végétales by René-Maurice Gattefossé,
a chemist. An English version was published in 1993. In 1910,
Gattefossé burned a hand very badly and later claimed he treated it
effectively with lavender oil.
A French surgeon, Jean Valnet, pioneered the medicinal uses of
essential oils, which he used as antiseptics in the treatment of
wounde Aromachologist is a person who practices aromachology,
which is a method of using smells or essential oils to create, either in
isolation or through blending in formulations, essential oils that have
behavioral, physical and emotional benefits. Smell is the least studied
of the senses, but aromachology is being used increasingly in

8. 8
healthcare and building science, and also in the world of sports and in
practical matters such as selling a house.
While all aromachologists have a refined sense of smell, some employ
other senses including sight, sound and hearing. These are
synesthetes and history documents famous synesthetes such as the
British painter David Hockney, the Russian artist Wassily Kandinsky,
the Hungarian composer Franz Liszt and the English poet William
Blake.
An aromachologist is a person who studies the effects of fragrance on
human psychology and behavior and works with essential oils for their
positive effects on behavior and feeling. An aromachologist is a
practitioner of aromachology, which is a term coined in 1982 by the
Olfactory Research Fund, now known as the Sense of Smell Institute
(SSI), a division of the Fragrance Foundation in the USA, which has
funded numerous medical, university and individual studies on the
effects of scents on sleep and performance. Aromachology differs from
aromatherapy.
An aromachologist is a formulator who works with essential oils for
their aromatic and physical effects and is an expert in the way
essential oils can be blended and articulated together to create
―behavioral fragrances to establish the positive effects of aromas on
human behavior including feelings and emotions.
The aims of aromachology are to ―study the interrelationship of
psychology and the latest in fragrance technology and to transmit
through odor a variety of specific feelings (such as relaxation,
exhilaration, sensuality, happiness and achievement) directly to the
brain.
When odors activate the olfactory pathways that lead to the limbic
portion of the brain they trigger the release of neurotransmitters that
affect the brain and mental state of the individual in a variety of ways.
Further, stimuli transmitted to the limbic system cannot be
consciously blocked and all olfactory stimuli therefore influence our
emotions.

9. 9
Smell as a sense is the last frontier of neuroscience and has not been
studied in as much depth as vision and hearing. The brain is able to
process small differences in smell and the sense of smell may last
longer in the aging process than sight and hearing. The olfactory bulb
is that portion of the brain which processes smells information and its
oscillations alter dynamically according to the tasks involved.
Contents
soldiers during World War II Synesthesia
There are some people who process smells differently, hearing them
as sounds. Canadian aromachologist, Nadine Artemis, author and
formulator for Living Libations, is one such synestheste
When Artemis picks up a scent, she also sees colors. Therefore, when
she is creating in aromachology, she is not only combining a palette of
smells, she is also mixing a palette of colors to blend the purest,
organic essential oils into an array of beneficial products. For
example, when Artemis sniffs tainted or synthetic fragrances, she
sees them as murky gray or muddy brown. Discovering this
extraordinary sense of smell at a young age, Artemis sees different
distillations of rose, one of the world‘s most expensive essential oils,
as hues and tones of pink and red. Calming chamomile comes across
in hues varying from oceanic teals to deep royal blues.

10. 10
MUD THERAPY BENEFITS
Mud is an important element of nature. It contains important minerals
which have positive effects on human health. Mud can absorb toxins
from human body therefore is very useful in preventing many diseases.
It is also known for its healing properties. It also helps in cooling and
relaxing body as it can hold moisture for a long time.
Benefits of Mud therapy are:
It relaxes muscles and improves blood circulationIt maintains
metabolism rendering positive impact on digestion
It is useful in conditions of inflammation/ swelling and relieves
pain
It is a good hair conditioner and is good for skin
It is useful in condition of stiff joints
Why use mud therapy?
Out of the five constituent elements of this universe mud (earth) has a
pivotal role to play in our well being. The dark color of mud helps in
absorbing different colors and conveying them to the the body, giving
it therapeutic properties. Also, its shape and consistency may be
modified with ease, just by changing the water content, which makes
it easy to use. A mud pack is advantageous over a cold compress (cold
water therapy) as it retains the coolness over a longer period of time.
Therefore, it is recommended whenever a prolonged cold application
is required.

11. 11
ACUPUNCTURE: is a collection of procedures involving penetration of
the skin with needles to stimulate certain points on the body. In its
classical form it is a characteristic component of traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM). It has been categorized as a complementary health
approach.According to traditional Chinese medicine, stimulating
specific acupuncture points corrects imbalances in the flow of qi
through channels known as meridians. Scientific investigation has not
found any histological or physiological correlates for traditional
Chinese concepts such as qi, meridians, and acupuncture points, and
some contemporary practitioners use acupuncture without following
the traditional Chinese approach.
Although minimally invasive, the puncturing of the skin with
acupuncture needles poses problems when designing trials that
adequately control for placebo effects.A number of studies comparing
traditional acupuncture to sham procedures found that both sham and
traditional acupuncture were superior to usual care but were
themselves equivalent. These findings are apparently at odds with
traditional Chinese theories regarding acupuncture point specificity.
Existing evidence is consistent with acupuncture being no more
effective than a placebo.
Acupuncture's use for certain minor conditions has been recognized by
the United States National Institutes of Health, the National Health
Service of the United Kingdom, the World Health Organization, and the
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
However, skeptics have criticized various health governing bodies'
endorsements of acupuncture as being unduly credulous and not
including objections to or criticisms of the claims of acupuncture's
effectiveness. Acupuncture is generally safe when administered using
Clean Needle Technique (CNT) and carries a very low risk of serious
adverse effects, though serious adverse effects have occurred,
including collapsed lungs and deaths.[16]

12. 12
Contents
uses physical pressure applied to acupressure points by the hand,
elbow, or with various devices
SONOPUNCTURE OR ACUTONICS is a stimulation of the body
similar to acupuncture, but using sound instead of needles.This
may be done using purpose-built transducers to direct a narrow
ultrasound beam to a depth of 6–8 centimetres at acupuncture
meridian points on the body. Alternatively, tuning forks or other
sound emitting devices are used.
Acupuncture point injection is the injection of various
substances (such as drugs, vitamins or herbal extracts) into
acupuncture point.
Auriculotherapy - Ear acupuncture is a form of acupuncture
developed in France which is based on the assumption of
reflexological representation of the entire body in the outer ear.
Scalp acupuncture is likewise based on reflexological
considerations regarding the scalp area; it has been developed in
Japan.
Hand acupuncture similarly centers around assumed reflex zones
of the hand; it has been developed in Korea.
Medical acupuncture tries to integrate reflexological concepts,
the trigger point model, and anatomical insights (such as
dermatome distribution) into acupuncture practice, and
emphasizes a more formulaic approach to acupuncture point
location.
COSMETIC ACUPUNCTURE is the use of acupuncture in an
attempt to reduce wrinkles on the face.[97]
Effectiveness
The application of evidence-based medicine to researching
acupuncture's effectiveness is a controversial activity, which has
produced different results despite a growing evidence base Some
research results are encouraging but others suggest acupuncture's
effects are mainly due to placebo.

13. 13
Some scientists have opposed the very activity of investigating
acupuncture's effectiveness. In the 1980s, writing of acupuncture's
revival in the West, Petr Skrabanek argued that the principal issue that
faced researchers was the demarcation between reason and
absurdity, and that ideas should be rejected out-of-hand that lacked a
testable hypothesis.More recently, Pete Greasley has expressed
criticism of continued research into a practice based on a "magical,
pseudoscientific rationale".Other scientists take a different view:
Edzard Ernst has cautioned that prejudgement can lead to closed
thinking, and that the aim of evidence-based research "is to establish
whether a treatment works, not how it works or how plausible it is
that it may work".
It is difficult to design research trials for acupuncture Due to
acupuncture's invasive nature, one of the major challenges in efficacy
research is in the design of an appropriate placebo control group. The
most commonly proposed placebo control has been "sham
acupuncture" to control for different aspects of traditional
acupuncture. This includes needling sites not traditionally indicated
for treatment of a specific condition to control for the effectiveness of
traditional acupuncture for specific conditions and/or needling
performed superficially or using retracting needles or non-needles
(including toothpicks) to control for needle penetration and
stimulation.
A 2009 review concluded that the specific points chosen to needle do
not matter, and no difference was found between needling according
to "true" points chosen by traditional acupuncture theory and "sham"
acupuncture points unrelated to any theory. The authors suggested
four possible explanations for their observed superiority of both "true"
and sham acupuncture over conventional treatment, but lack of
difference in efficacy between "true" and sham acupuncture: Other
authors have suggested randomized controlled trials may under-report
the effectiveness of acupuncture as the "sham" treatment may still
have active effects, though this position undercuts the traditional
theory of acupuncture which associates specific acupuncture points
with specific and distinct results.

14. 14
Publication bias is also listed as a concern in the design of randomized
trials of acupuncture. A 1998 review of studies on acupuncture found
that trials originating in China, Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan were
uniformly favourable to acupuncture, as were ten out of 11 studies
conducted in Russia. A 2011 assessment of the quality of randomized
controlled trials on TCM, including acupuncture, concluded that the
methodological quality of most such trials (including randomization,
experimental control and blinding) was generally poor, particularly for
trials published in Chinese journals (though the quality of acupuncture
trials was better than the drug-related trials). The study also found
that trials published in non-Chinese journals tended to be of higher
quality.
ACUPRESSURE
[from Latin acus "needle" (see acuity) + pressure (n.)
Acupressure [from Latin acus "needle" (see acuity) + pressure (n.) is an alternative
medicine technique similar in principle to Acupuncture. It is based on the concept of life energy
which flows through "meridians" in the body. In treatment, PHYSICAL PRESSURE IS
APPLIED TO ACUPUNCTURE POINTS WITH THE AIM OF CLEARING
BLOCKAGES IN THESE MERIDIANS. PRESSURE MAY BE APPLIED BY
HAND, BY ELBOW, OR WITH VARIOUS DEVICES.
Some medical studies have suggested that acupressure may be effective at helping manage nausea
and vomiting, for helping lower back pain, tension headaches, stomach ache, among other things,
although such studies have been found to have a high likelihood of bias.[2]
It may probably not be as
effective as acupuncture, but some claim it provides temporary relief.

15. 15
According to Quackwatch acupressure is a dubious practice, and its practitioners use irrational
methods.
1 Background
2 Reception
3 Acupressure work theory
4 Criticism of TCM theory
5 Instruments
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Background
Acupoints used in treatment may or may not be in the same area of the body as the targeted
symptom. Thetraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory for the selection of such points and their
effectiveness is that they work by stimulating the meridian system to bring about relief by
rebalancing yin, yang and qi (also spelled "chi").
Many East Asian martial arts also make extensive study and use of acupressure for self-defense
and health purposes, (chin na, tui na). The points or combinations of points are said to be used to
manipulate or incapacitate an opponent. Also, martial artists regularly massage their own
acupressure points in routines to remove blockages from their own meridians, claiming
to thereby enhance their circulation and flexibility and keeping the points "soft" or less vulnerable to
an attack.[4]
Reception
A 2011 systematic review of acupressure's effectiveness at treating symptoms found that 35 out of
43 randomized controlled trials had concluded that acupressure was effective at treating certain
symptoms; however, the nature of these 43 studies "indicated a significant likelihood of bias." The
authors of this systematic review concluded that this "review of clinical trials from the past decade
did not provide rigorous support for the efficacy of acupressure for symptom management. Well-
designed, randomized controlled studies are needed to determine the utility and efficacy of
acupressure to manage a variety of symptoms in a number of patient populations. A 2011 Cochrane
review of four trials using acupuncture and nine studies using acupressure to control pain in
childbirth concluded that "acupuncture or acupressure may help relieve pain during labour, but more
research is needed.
An acupressure wristband that is claimed to relieve the symptoms of motion sickness and other
forms of nauseaprovides pressure to the P6 acupuncture point, a point that has been extensively
investigated. The Cochrane Collaboration, a group of evidence-based medicine (EBM) reviewers,

16. 16
reviewed the use of P6 for nausea and vomiting, and found it to be effective for reducing post-
operative nausea, but not vomiting.The Cochrane review included various means of stimulating P6,
including acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, laser
stimulation, acustimulation device and acupressure; it did not comment on whether one or more
forms of stimulation were more effective. EBM reviewer Bandolier said that P6 in two studies
showed 52% of patients with control having a success, compared with 75% with P6.One author of
an article published in the Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine disagreed.
A Cochrane Collaboration review found that massage provided some long-term benefit for low back
pain, and said:It seems that acupressure or pressure point massage techniques provide more relief
than classic (Swedish) massage, although more research is needed to confirm this.
Acupressure work theory
A variant system known as two point acupressure attempts to bypass a blockage of vital flow by
using one acupoint to create a link with one of the collateral meridians, and then using one additional
acupoint to stimulate or reduce the flow around the obstruction
Criticism of TCM theory
Main article: Acupuncture § Criticism of traditional Chinese medicine theory
Clinical use of acupressure frequently relies on the conceptual framework of Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM). There is no physically verifiable anatomical orhistological basis for the existence
of acupuncture points or meridians.Proponents reply that TCM is a prescientific system that
continues to have practical relevance. Acupuncturists tend to perceive TCM concepts in functional
rather than structural terms (e.g., as being useful in guiding evaluation and care of patients).
The Instruments of Acupressure

17. 17
Instruments
There are several different instruments for applying nonspecific pressure by rubbing, rolling, or
applying pressure on the reflex zones of the body. The acuball is a small ball made of rubber with
protuberances that is heatable. It is used to apply pressure and relieve muscle and joint pain. The
energy roller is a small cylinder with protuberances. It is held between the hands and rolled back and
forth to apply acupressure. The foot roller (also "krupa chakra") is a round, cylindrical roller with
protuberances. It is placed on the floor and the foot is rolled back and forth over it. The power mat
(also pyramid mat) is a mat with small pyramid-shaped bumps that you walk on. The spine roller is a
bumpy roller containing magnets that is rolled up and down the spine. The Teishein is one of the
original nine classical acupuncture needles described in the original texts of acupuncture. Even
though it is described as an acupuncture needle it did not pierce the skin. It is used to apply rapid
percussion pressure to the points being treated.
REFLEXOLOGY,& ZONE THERAPY, is an alternative
medicine or pseudoscience involving the physical act of applying

18. 18
pressure to the feet, hands, or ears with specific thumb, finger, and
hand techniques without the use of oil or lotion. It is based on what
reflexologists claim to be a system of zones and reflex areas that they
say reflect an image of the body on the feet and hands, with the
premise that such work affects a physical change to the body.A
2009 systematic review of randomised controlled trials concludes that
"The best evidence available to date does not demonstrate
convincingly that reflexology is an effective treatment for any medical
condition."
There is no consensus among reflexologists on how reflexology is
supposed to work; a unifying theme is the idea that areas on the foot
correspond to areas of the body, and that by manipulating these one
can improve health through one's qi.Reflexologists divide the body into
ten equal vertical zones, five on the right and five on the left.Concerns
have been raised by medical professionals that treating potentially
serious illnesses with reflexology, which has no proven efficacy, could
delay the seeking of appropriate medical treatment.
The Reflexology Association of Canada defines reflexology as:
"A natural healing art based on the principle that there are
reflexes in the feet, hands and ears and their referral areas
within zone related areas, which correspond to every part, gland
and organ of the body. Through application of pressure on these
reflexes without the use of tools, crèmes or lotions, the feet
being the primary area of application, reflexology relieves
tension, improves circulation and helps promote the natural
function of the related areas of the body."
Reflexologists posit that the blockage of an energy field,
invisible life force, or Qi, can prevent healing Another tenet of
reflexology is the belief that practitioners can relieve stress and
pain in other parts of the body through the manipulation of the feet.
One claimed explanation is that the pressure received in the feet
may send signals that 'balance' the nervous system or release
chemicals such as endorphins that reduce stress and pain. These
hypotheses are rejected by the general medical community, who

19. 19
cite a lack of scientific evidence and the well-tested germ theory of
disease.
Reflexology's claim to manipulate energy (Qi) has been highly
controversial, as there is no scientific evidence for the existence of
life energy (Qi), 'energy balance', 'crystalline structures,' or
'pathways' in the body.
In Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial, Simon
Singh argues that if indeed the hands and feet "reflect" the internal
organs, reflexology might be expected to explain how such
"reflection" was derived from the process of Darwinian natural
selection; but Singh observes that no argument or evidence has
been adduced.
Reflexology is one of the most used alternative therapies in
Denmark. A national survey from 2005 showed that 21.4% of the
Danish population had used reflexology at some point in life and
6.1% had used reflexology within the previous year.
A study from Norway showed that 5.6% of the Norwegian population
in 2007 had used reflexology within the last 12 months.
In the United Kingdom, reflexology is coordinated on a voluntary
basis by the Complementary and Natural Healthcare
Council(CNHC). Registrants are required to meet Standards of
Proficiency outlined by Profession Specific Boards, as CNHC is
voluntary anyone practising can describe themselves as
reflexologists. When the CNHC began admitting reflexologists, a
skeptic searched for and found 14 of them claiming efficacy on
illnesses. Once pointed out, the CNHC had the claims retracted as
it conflicted with their Advertising Standards Authority.
History
Practices resembling reflexology may have existed in previous
historical periods. Similar practices have been documented in the
histories of China and Egypt

20. 20
Reflexology was introduced to the United States in 1913 by William
H. Fitzgerald, M.D. (1872–1942), an ear, nose, and throat specialist,
and Dr. Edwin Bowers. Fitzgerald claimed that applying pressure
had an anesthetic effect on other areas of the body.
Reflexology was modified in the 1930s and 1940s by Eunice D.
Ingham (1889–1974), a nurse and physiotherapist. Ingham claimed
that the feet and hands were especially sensitive, and mapped the
entire body into "reflexes" on the feet renaming "zone therapy" to
reflexology. Ingham's procedure and related practices developed by
Laura Norman are used by modern reflexologists.
Reflexology has had several clinical trials dedicated to it over the
years with mixed results. One systematic review found, "The best
evidence available to date does not demonstrate convincingly that
reflexology is an effective treatment for any medical condition.
This alternate therapy has been evolved by south Korean scientist
Prof. Park Jae woo. This therapy when compared to other
method of alternate treatment,
sujok is simple & uncomplicated,It can be compared with
the best self cure methods known to man today.
The high effectiveness & simplicity of the sujok therapy helps
its rapid spreading in various countries among therapists &
patients. Sujok is a method that matches the classical science
of the west to the knowledge accumulated by the
oriental medicine from ancient times.
This therapy at its most basic employs acupressure,the effect of
employing simple acupressure stimulation to treat various
health problems on the corresponding points/areas on either the hands
or feet has forward to gives very high effective form of treatment &
sometimes complex ailments & long standing disorders and the need

21. 21
to resort to acupunture by doesn‘t arise.
The name SUJOK speaks about the therapy.The word ―SU‖ in
Korean means the hand and ―JOK‖ means foot.The most astonishing
aspect of this therapy is the simplicity.Anybody who desires
himself to learn the basics of sujok therapy can do so within
a matter of minutes.This points / areas are composed in a very strict
anatomical order,reflecting the structure of the body (human or animal)
in a diminished form on them ( Hand and Feet ).

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COSMETIC-ACUPUNCTURE:
Practitioners claim acupuncture can reduce wrinkles, eliminate fine
lines, lift sagging skin and improve skin colour and texture. Its effects
last for about three months, and it only takes about 45 minutes.
Acupuncture is a form of ancient Chinese medicine in which fine
needles are inserted into the skin at certain points on the body. It
originated more than 2,000 years ago, and is used to treat everything
from backache to migraines and fertility problems. Some acupuncture
- though not cosmetic - is even funded by the NHS.
But how can sticking needles into the skin improve our faces?
when needles are inserted at pressure points, energy and endorphins
are released. This minor trauma improves blood flow and stimulates
cell re-growth.

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'We put needles in at vortex points where energy is travelling to and
from organs along lines we call meridians,' she explains. 'When energy
flows more efficiently, circulation is improved, helping the body
rejuvenate.
'Traumatising the skin by inserting tiny needles will also encourage
the production of healing collagen, the protein which the body uses to
keep the skin youthful and elastic.'
COLORPUNCTURE, or color light acupuncture, is an alternative
medicine practice asserting that colored lights can be used to
stimulate acupuncture points to promote healing and better health. It
is a form of color therapy.There is no known anatomical or histological
basis for the existence of acupuncture points or meridians. Research
on colorpuncture has failed to demonstrate a consistent effect;
Quackwatch considers it a questionable treatment with no
demonstrated effectiveness
Colorpuncture was developed in the 1980s by German naturopath and
acupuncturist Peter Mandel, who named it esogetic colorpuncture.
"Esogetic" is a term coined by Mandel to refer to the "merger of

24. 24
esoteric wisdom of life with the energetic principles of life's
processes."
Mandel cited Fritz-Albert Popp, who claimed that the body's cells
communicate with each other through a steady stream of photons.
This is not a scientifically recognized method of cell communication.
Using Kirlian photography, Mandel concluded that the acupuncture
meridians absorb and disseminate colored light within the body.
Colorpuncture is based on the idea that illness and pain occur when an
individual has strayed off his or her "life path". For example, a
treatment might be intended to release an emotional blockage to heal
a nervous system condition, allowing patients to devote themselves to
their individual spiritual purpose. Mandel's model is a holographic
representation of how vital energy is produced in the body.Three of the
six factors (called molecules) represent the subtle energies: the
chakras, the formative field, and the converter model. The other three
factors describe the physical reality: the body systems, the
coordination system, and the transmitter relays.
Treatment
Colorpuncture employs seven basic colors. In general, the warm colors
- red, orange, and yellow - are believed to add energy, while the cool
colors - green, blue, and violet - decrease energy. Mandel also claims
that warm and cool colors, when used together, balance yin and yang
energy flows.
A small handheld instrument resembling a torch (flashlight) with a
colored quartz rod is used. The tip is placed directly onto acupoints or
held a short distance above. Unlike acupuncture, the skin is not
broken. Colorpuncture sessions last 10 to 90 minutes.
Colorpuncturists claim to diagnose through the use of Kirlian
photography.

25. 25

26. 26
COLOUR THERAPY:
Practitioners of ayurvedic medicine /natural therapy practitioner
believe the body has seven "chakras," which some claim are 'spiritual
centers', and which are held to be located along the spine. New Age
thought associates each of the chakras with a single color of the
visible light spectrum, along with a function and organ or bodily
system. According to this view, the chakras can become imbalanced
and result in physical diseases, but application of the appropriate
color can allegedly correct such imbalances.[8]
The purported colors
and their associations are described.
Avicenna (980-1037), seeing color as of vital importance both in
diagnosis and in treatment, discussed chromotherapy in The Canon of
Medicine. He wrote that "color is an observable symptom of disease"
and also developed a chart that related color to the temperature and
physical condition of the body. His view was that red moved the blood,
blue or white cooled it, and yellow reduced muscular pain and
inflammation.
Colour is Different Wavelengths of Light Frequencies...
Everything in the Universe boils down to a mathematical formula or a
list of numbers. The various colours of light are not only visible but are
part of the electromagnetic spectrum of cosmic energies.
Furthermore, within our body our cells contain biophotons, which both
emit and receive light signals. It is now said that organisms use this
―light‖ to ―talk‖ to other organisms. This means that our organs, brain,
plants, animals and other single cell organisms can communicate via
the language of light: colour.
Each colour affects an endocrine gland that further stimulates moods,
sensations, feelings, thoughts, beliefs... our overall wellness. Colour in

27. 27
it‘s own language connects to us physically, mentally, emotionally as
well as spiritually.
Colour exists in the cells of food, essential oils and even our thoughts.
The more you learn the colour language the greater your ability to
balance your own internal and external energies (AURA).

28. 28

29. 29

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MARMA CHIKITSA {(Ayurvedic Acupuncture (also known as
Marmapuncture)}
The word 'marma' was used for the first time in Atharva Veda (ancient
Indian scripture). During the Vedic period of India, this martial art was
known to kings and warriors and was used in battlefields. It is said
that marmas are constituted of six vital elements—soma (sleshma,
phlegm), marutha (vata, air), teja (pitta, bile) and the three mental
types: rajas, tamas and satva. Marma adi is the science of
manipulating marmas or vital points. These are nerve junctures usually

31. 31
close to the skin surface. According to Susruta, author of Susruta
Samhita, the ancient treatise on ayurveda, human body contains 107
marma points which, when struck or massaged, produce desired
healing or injurious results. Like acupressure, marma adi functions by
pressing these points through which the prana (chi in Chinese) flows.
It is a powerful instrument of Ayurveda that originated 5,000 years
ago. It is a process and a therapy that works with 108 subtle and
sensitive energy points to open energy channels in the body
called strotras
In ancient Vedic times, marma points were called bindu – a dot, secret
dot or mystic point. Like a door or pathway, activating a marma point
opens into the inner pharmacy of the body. The body is a silent,
universal, biochemical laboratory—operating every moment to
interpret and transform arising events. Touching a marma point
changes the body‘s biochemistry and can unfold radical, alchemical
change in one‘s makeup. Stimulation of these inner pharmacy
pathways signals the body to produce exactly what it needs, including
hormones and neurochemicals that heal the body, mind and
consciousness. This deep dimension of marma therapy has the
potential to unfold spiritual healing.
Ayurvedic Acupuncture (also known as Marmapuncture) makes use of
acupuncture needles that penetrates the skin at particular acupoints
to balance the Prana (life force) of internal body
environment(microcosm) with that of external world(macrocosm) for
bringing about a balance or health. The needles used could be normal
or medicated. History – Ayurvedic Acupuncture was practiced in
ancient days as a global system, using needle-like blow darts at
various points in the body, often making use of herbs by dipping the
needle point into the herb liquid, for curing diseases. Ayurvedic
Acupuncture was even taught as a subject in major universities of
ancient India. Today, Ayurvedic Acupuncture is again gaining
popularity and is considered ―an open and endless science‖.
Method – Ayurvedic Acupuncture cures by stimulating the body to heal
rather than treating the disease by itself, when that particular marma

32. 32
is gently needled. The marmas are responsible for connecting the
various systems in the body with their internal organs through a series
of ducts called ‗Nadis‘. They carry ‗prana‘ to each marma.
According to marma adi, our body is crisscrossed like irrigation
channels with meridians, a closed interconnecting system through
which prana flows in the body. While acupressure, or shiatsu, follows a
14-meridian theory (with 361 marma or tsubo points), marma shastra
believes there are 26 meridians in all. Of these, 12 are located in pairs
on the left and right sides.
Marma points, supposed to be located on these meridians, boost the
prana each time it flows through, resulting in a stronger life force
energy. Marma points are also divided on the basis of their pancha
bhautic (five elements) constitution into sadya pranahara (fire),
kalanthara pranahara (water), vishalaya ghunam (air), vaikalyakara
(earth) and rujakara (space).
While six of the 12 pairs of meridians have negative polarity (Shakti,
yin, ida), six are of the positive polarity (Shiva, yang, pingala). The
negative meridians begin from the toes or the middle of the body and
go upward to the head. The positive meridians begin at the head and
go down. The intensity of prana flow varies according to the time of
the day, peaking and diminishing in a 12-hour cycle. A marma point is
most vulnerable when prana is flowing through it.
The prana leaves the lungs at dawn between 1.00 a.m. and 3.00 a.m.
and returns after flowing through 13 other channels within 24 hours.
When the flow of prana is disturbed, the corresponding organ is

33. 33
affected. A study of the exact location of prana is imperative for
marma adi to be effective, for it works only if the blow is precisely on
the marma point. The hit should also be vertical. This excessive stress
on a precise hit and the years of practice it demands has stymied the
popularity of this martial art form.
Two kinds of weapons can be used in marma adi: natural and artificial.
The natural weapons include various hand and finger strikes including
snake strike, dart strike, mantis strike and dragon fist strike. The
metamorphosis of your hand from a wobbly five-fingered prong to a
deadly weapon requires much practice, including jabbing your fingers
on leather strips, wood, wall or even a bucketful of sand. But before
doing any of these, make sure that you massage your palms, fingers
and wrists with oil to regulate the blood circulation. Usually these
exercises are recommended three days a week, with a gradual
increase in the strain.
Marma is not only a technique but a way of life."
Eighteen Yogic Marma Regions and Main Corresponding Marmas
1. The toes are the starting point. Kshipra marma.
2. The ankles: four and a half finger units from the toes. Gulpha
(ankle) marma.
3. The middle of the calf: ten finger units from the ankle. Indrabasti
marma
4. The root of the knee: eleven finger units from the middle of the
calf. This marma is not one of the classical 107, but can also be
used.
5. The center of the knee: two and a half finger units from the root
of the knee. Janu marma.
6. The middle of the thigh: From the knee to the middle of the thigh
is nine finger units. Urvi marma.
7. The anus: From the middle of the thigh to the root of the anus is
nine finger units. Guda marma.

34. 34
8. The middle of the hip: From the root of the anus to the middle of
the hip is two and a half finger units. Kukundara and Nitamba
marmas.
9. The root of the urethra: From the middle of the hip to the root of
the urethra is two and a half finger units. Vitapa marma.
10. The navel: From the root of the urethra to the navel is ten
and a half finger units. Nabhi (navel) marma.
11. The center of the heart: From the navel is the middle of the
heart is fourteen finger units. Hridaya (heart) marma.
12. The base of the throat: six finger units from the middle of
the heart. Nila marma.
13. The root of the tongue: From the root of the throat to the
root of the tongue is four finger units. Shringataka marma.
14. The root of the nose: From the root of the tongue to the root
of the nose is four finger units. This marma is not one of the
classical 107, but control of it can be related to Phana marma by
the nostrils at the base of the nose.
15. The center of the eyes: From the root of the nose to the
eyes is one-half finger units. Apanga marma.
16. The middle of the brows: From there to the middle of the
brows is one-half finger unit. Sthapani marma.
17. The center of the forehead. From the middle of the brows to
the center of the forehead is three finger units. The marma point
here is not one of the classical 107 but is still very useful.
18. The top of the head: From the middle of the forehead to the
top of the head is three finger units. Adhipati marma.

35. 35
What is Dietary Counselling?
A dietary counsellor will advise clients in formulating healthy eating
programmes for weight management and to improve their general
health and wellbeing. The goal of the counsellor is to offer the client
strategies for personal change and to work towards a sustainable
healthier future using dietary analysis software, body composition
analysis and health coaching. A dietary counsellor will focus on
putting together a healthy eating programme that will ensure their
client is eating for optimal health and to minimise the impact of
genetic and environmental influences e.g. stress, pollution and
lifestyle. When preparing a diet plan for a client, a good dietary
counsellor must take into account the food preferences, cooking
skills, available time and exercise preferences of the individual.
A nutritional therapist or a dietary counsellor should educate and
motivate clients towards personal change that will benefit their quality
of life for the rest of their lives. This positive influence can then
extend further than that single person as they will go on to instil
healthy habits in their families and friends. A career in either field is
very rewarding as you truly make a life-changing difference in the lives
of your clients and their extended families.

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BACH FLOWER REMEDIES :
are extreme dilutions of flower material developed by Edward Bach, an
English homeopath, in the 1930s.Bach believed that dew found on
flower petals retain healing properties of that plant. The remedies are
intended primarily for emotional and spiritual conditions, including but
not limited to depression, anxiety,insomnia and stress.
The remedies contain a very small amount of flower material in a
50:50 solution ofbrandy and water. Because the remedies are
extremely diluted they do not have a characteristic scent or taste of
the plant. As this dilution process results in the statistical likelihood
that little more than a single molecule may remain, it is claimed that
the remedies contain "energetic" or "vibrational" nature of the flower
and that this can be transmitted to the user.Bach flower remedies are
considered vibrational medicines, and rely on a concept of water
memory. They are often labeled as homeopathicbecause they are
extremely diluted in water, but are not true homeopathy as they do not
follow other homeopathic precepts such as the law of similars or the
belief that curative "powers" are enhanced by shaking and repeated
diluting ("succussion").
Systematic reviews of clinical trials of Bach flower remedies have
found no efficacy beyond a placebo effect.

37. 37
Use
Each remedy is used alone or in conjunction with other remedies, and
each flower is believed by advocates to impart specific qualities to the
remedy. Bach flower remedies are also used on pets and domestic
animals. Remedies are usually taken orally.
Remedies may be recommended by a naturopath or by a trained Bach
flower practitioner after an interview. An individual may also choose
the combination they feel best suits their situation. Some vendors
recommend dowsing to select a remedy.
The best known flower remedy product is the Rescue
Remedy combination, which contains an equal amount each of Rock
Rose, Impatiens, Clematis, Star of Bethlehem and Cherry
Plum remedies. The product is aimed at treating stress, anxiety,
and panic attacks, especially in emergencies. Rescue Remedy is a
trademark and other companies produce the same formula under other
names, such as Five Flower Remedy.
Rescue Cream contains the same remedies in a cream form, with the
addition of Crab Apple, a remedy Bach associated with feelings of
contamination and unsightliness. It is applied externally in response to
minor skin problems such as itches, cuts, stings, pimples and burns.
Philosophy
Bach thought of illness as the result of a conflict between the
purposes of thesoul and the personality's actions and outlook. This
internal war, according to Bach, leads to negative moods and to
"energy blocking", thought to cause a lack of "harmony", thus leading
to physical diseases.
Rather than using research based on scientific methods, Bach derived
his flower remedies intuitively and based on his
perceived psychic connections to the plants.If Bach felt a negative
emotion, he would hold his hand over different plants, and if one
alleviated the emotion, he would ascribe the power to heal that
emotional problem to that plant. He believed that early-morning
sunlight passing through dew-drops on flower petals transferred the
healing power of the flower onto the water, so he would collect the

38. 38
dew drops from the plants and preserve the dew with an equal amount
of brandyto produce a mother tincture which would be further diluted
before use.Later, he found that the amount of dew he could collect
was not sufficient, so he would suspend flowers in spring water and
allow the sun's rays to pass through them.
Effectiveness
In a 2002 database review of randomized trials Edzard
Ernst concluded:
The hypothesis that flower remedies are associated with effects
beyond a placebo response is not supported by data from rigorous
clinical trials.
All randomized double-blind studies, whether finding for or against the
remedies, have suffered from small cohort sizes but the studies using
the best methodology were the ones that found no effect
over placebo.The most likely means of action for flower remedies is
as placebos, enhanced by introspection on the patient's emotional
state, or simply being listened to by the practitioner. The act of
selecting and taking a remedy may act as a calming ritual.
A systematic review in 2009 concluded:
Most of the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of
BFRs has a high risk of bias. We conclude that, based on the reported
adverse events in these six trials, BFRs are probably safe. Few
controlled prospective trials of BFRs for psychological problems and
pain exist. Our analysis of the four controlled trials of BFRs for
examination anxiety and ADHD indicates that there is no evidence of
benefit compared with a placebo intervention.
A newer systematic review published in 2010 by Ernst concluded
All placebo-controlled trials failed to demonstrate efficacy. It is
concluded that the most reliable clinical trials do not show any
differences between flower remedies and placebos.
According to Cancer Research UK, flower remedies are sometimes
promoted as being capable of boosting the immune system, but "there

39. 39
is no scientific evidence to prove that flower remedies can control,
cure or prevent any type of disease, including cancer".
Production
Edward Bach thought that dew collected from the flowers of plants
contains some of the properties of the plant, and that it was more
potent on flowers grown in the sun. As it was impractical to collect
dew in quantity, he decided to pick flowers and steep them in a bowl
of water under sunlight. If this was impractical due to lack of sunlight
or other reasons, he decided the flowers may be boiled.
The result of this process Bach termed the "mother tincture", which is
then further diluted before sale or use.
Bach was satisfied with the method, because of its simplicity, and
because it involved a process of combination of the four elements:
The earth to nurture the plant, the air from which it feeds, the sun or
fire to enable it to impart its power, and water to collect and be
enriched with its beneficent magnetic healing.
Bach flower remedies are not dependent on the theory of successive
dilutions, and are not based on the Law of Similars ofHomeopathy. The
Bach remedies, unlike homeopathic remedies, are all derived from
non-toxic substances, with the idea that a "positive energy" can
redirect or neutralize "negative energy."

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THERAPEUTIC YOGA
A therapeutic yoga is a consequence of a treatment of kind, the
results of which are judged to be desirable and beneficial. This is true
whether the result was expected, of the posture for certain aliment &
disorders
What constitutes a therapeutic effect is the nature of the situation in
which a treatment is used and the goals of treatment. There is no
inherent difference between therapeutic and responses
are behavioral/physiological comfortness changes which occur as a
response to the treatment strategy or agent. However, those changes
which are viewed as desirable, given the situation, are called
therapeutic postural yoga .

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OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, often called OT, is the use of treatments to
develop, recover, or maintain the daily living and work skills of people
with a physical, mental or developmental condition.[1]
Occupational
therapy is a client-centered practice that places a premium on the
progress towards the client‘s goals.[2]
Occupational therapy
interventions focus on adapting the environment, modifying the task,
teaching the skill, and educating the client/family in order to increase
participation in and performance of daily activities, particularly those
that are meaningful to the client.

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