Digital native research in the UAE 2011
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Initial reporting of ongoing empirical research into technology use by Emirati tertiary students. Completed PhD dissertation: Martin, J. (2013). Technology, education and Arab youth in the 21st century: A study of the UAE. (Doctoral dissertation), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Retrieved from http://drjanetmartin.wordpress.com/research/
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Digital native research in the UAE 2011
- 1. The Millennial Generation in Higher Education in the United Arab Emirates Janet Martin May 2011
- 2. Outline for the session * The “Digital Natives” debate What claims have been made about young people today, and implications for education * Definitions * International research summary * Significance of UAE research * Research design
- 3. The “Digital Natives” debate •Can multitask •Have a short attention span •Prefer non-linear, visual, interactive, collaborative learning •Are innately skilful, expert, confident, intuitive when dealing with technology •Have brain changes
- 4. The “Digital Natives” debate •Expect digital technologies to be an integrated part of education •Education which is not technology-based is boring/obsolete •Education needs to radically change to remain relevant to students and society •“Natives” vs “Immigrants”
- 5. The “Digital Natives” debate * Net Generation * Millennials * Google Generation * Digital natives * Digital Generation * Generation “Y”
- 7. Commentary vs Research * This debate has gained wide traction * Government policy and educational institutional policy affected * What has the research basis been?
- 8. International Research Summary * Internet use has increased dramatically in the past 10-12 years in many countries * Internet has an increasing role especially in the lives of many young people * Majority of students use core technologies only * Majority of students not skilled or confident with a variety of digital tools * No evidence for short attention span * Limited evidence for multiskilling
- 9. International Research Summary This is NOT a homogenous generation Great variation is apparent in access, use, and ability world-wide, and within countries and regions •economic, political, or cultural forces within different countries •gender •socio-economic status •education •content and language •rurality...institutional variations...school vs personal use...age...
- 10. A “piece of the evidence” Empirical research into the Millennial generation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the Middle East ... ... a rapidly changing and sometimes volatile part of the world
- 13. Oil was discovered in the UAE in the 1960’s The UAE was formed as a federation of ‘emirates’ in 1971. Within 40 years ...
- 18. ... a new country of fast development, great contrasts and ambiguities
- 19. Are these young Emiratis “Digital Natives”?
- 20. Research Design Primary goal to form part of internationally comparative documentation of the Millennial generation (an indicator for the Middle East): •What is the extent of UAE Emirati Millennials’ engagement with digital technologies? •Are there possible implications for UAE educational systems ? •Are there cultural, demographic, linguistic, educational considerations which impact upon engagement?
- 21. Research Design Mixed method design •Survey instrument Participants will be Emirati youth 18-25 yrs old who are attending tertiary education in the UAE Stratified random sample of 1,000-1,500 Survey instrument adapted from Kennedy/Newton with permission Data collection – cross-sectional, online survey by December 2011, after pilot testing
- 22. Research Design Mixed method design •Semi-structured Interviews Participants will be volunteers from survey respondents – small, representative sample Semi-structured interview of 4-5 open-ended questions based on survey responses Involvement of Emirati research assistant to minimize potential cross-cultural interview problems
- 23. Research Design Data Analysis Enables deconstruction of responses to identify patterns, and make inferences about the whole Quantitative – Use of SPSS for descriptive, inferential, and correlational analysis. Qualitative – Use of Nvivo for annotation and coding of interview responses.
Notes de l'éditeur
- A ”radically new generation” Born after 1980, who grew up immersed in digital technology – developed with the Internet Possess sophisticated skills to effectively use technologies
- ... and further, this new generation... Boring – “industrial age education”
- Digital technologies – recording of information in binary code (Internet, digital media, web-based technologies, emerging technologies, information and communication technologies ITC, computer games, digital music and videos, mobile phones, television or ‘media’ in general) Millennials to name this “generation” by the change in the calendar rather than conversance with technology
- Traction Governments, educational institutions, authors/commentators, academics (!!) – just Google and thousands of results turn up. Lots of money here. Much has been “anecdotal” or “un-evidenced” information Do university IT intro courses target the areas students need assistance with? RESEARCH – mostly since 2008 - USA, UK, South Africa, Canada, Ireland, Belgium, South-east Asian countries including Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, China, Australia, and 30 OECD countries (OECD and PISA) – moving from “speculative hype to grounded empirical investigation” There is a SMALL amount of empirical investigation to date!
- Much research so far in developed countries and regions More content creation in the USA Lower usage in academic rather than home/personal settings Multiskilling existed before the Internet
- Middle-class, educated, white Americans are not the ”standard” Changes to education systems should be based upon empirical research within the country/region applicable
- Why the UAE – lived there... What has been concluded in developed countries should be verified in very different parts of the world Issues of culture and society could be important factors here to consider
- Within 40 years ...
- Population grew from under 300,000 to over 4 million – Emiratis are now a minority 20% Arabic speaking. Mainly Islamic. Stable and visionary government – unprecedented change and prosperity
- Economy grew and diversified from trading and oil to construction, aviation, commerce, tourism and service industries
- Education became strongly supported for males and females. Traditional schools teaching memorization – especially of the Quran – replaced with modern schools First university opened 1977 – by 2009 there were 64 universities! Average years of schooling increased from less than 3 years (nearly 50% illiteracy) in the early 1970’s, to 12 years of schooling (7% illiteracy) by 2009. Remaining problems – especially in the school system.
- Technology has had an important influence in the UAE – bringing the world into a more sheltered place Internet penetration rate high – growth of 414% from 2000-2010. Estimated 83% of Emirati households have broadband – central stats not available. Mobile phone penetration over 200% Laptop and wired universities Arabic content on the Internet increasing rapidly. 2008 - Arabic script in web addresses. Arabic spoken by 300-350 million people in 22 Arab countries – less than 1% of all online content in Arabic in mid-2010. Now fastest growing language on the Internet. Facebook growing by 18% per month!
- Regulation/blocking of sites deemed to be inconsistent with religious, cultural, political and moral values of the country Open at national universities AND did I mention the SAND?
- 73% under 30 years of age in 2010 – a wealthy, young and increasingly educated population Very little research to date – small sample numbers; small scale research; difficult to reproduce or generalize from the results
- Mixed method – use multiple methods of data collection and analysis – triangulation Sample frame is the group to be selected from Kennedy survey used by Newton & Ellis in Australia and Thinyane in South Africa to date – high level of standardization of questions. Instrument has been tested for validity (measures what it is meant to measure) and reliability (consistently measures) Adaptations – language level, cultural considerations, clarified meanings Data collection cross-sectional – data collected at one point in time Online – Survey Gizmo
- Ethical clearance sought in all places! Participants – selected on the basis of convenience, access, geographical representation Flexible format to allow for deviation from structure, while ensuring clarification of basic themes
- Inferential – enable estimation and inferences about the population Parametric stats – test the statistical significance of data and relationships
- Much is currently unknown on this topic, but future policy decisions should be based on empirical research, rather than emotive and anecdotal commentry