This document discusses 5G antenna technology for user devices. It provides an overview of cellular communication evolution, mobile phone evolution, and mobile antenna evolution. It then discusses 5G introductions, applications, frequency coverage, antenna requirements, and MIMO and massive MIMO technologies as they relate to 5G. Key points covered include the need for antennas to cover low to high frequency bands for 5G, isolation and interference challenges for multi-antenna designs, and using massive MIMO arrays and beamforming to improve throughput.

1. 5G Antenna Technology for User Devices
Dr. Jayprakash Thakur, PhD
Bangalore, India

2. Intel Confidential – Internal Only2
Presentation Outlines
• Cellular Communication Technology Evolution
• Mobile Phone evolution
• Mobile Antenna Technology evolution
• Antennas in 5G Mobile Devices
• 5G Introduction
- What is 5G
- 5G Vision
- 5G application Scenarios
- 5G Usage Socio-economic prospective
- Key Wireless Innovation areas
• 5G Antenna Technology
- 5G Frequency coverage
- Antenna Requirements
- Antenna design and placement constraints
- MIMO
- Massive MIMO

3. Intel Confidential – Internal Only3
Cellular Comm. Technology
Evolution
1G Voice
2G (GSM)
1990
9.6 Kb/s
3G (UMTS)
2003
Multi-media
2 Mb/s
4G (LTE)
300 Mb/s
5G 2020
(?)
1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s
2.5G
GPRS
100 Kb/s
3.5G
HSPA 42
Mb/s
LTE-A
1Gb/s
5G

4. Intel Confidential – Internal Only4
Mobile Phone Evolution

5. Intel Confidential – Internal Only5
Mobile Antenna Evolution
Metal chassis antenna
Mobile Chassis is used as antenna

6. Intel Confidential – Internal Only6
5G Introduction

7. What is 5G?
• 5G is a term used to describe the next generation of mobile network beyond 4G LTE mobile
network
- No Standard yet so the definition is still not solid.
- Commercially available after 2020 timeframe.
- Many trial at present.
FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler compared 5G to a Picasso painting. “I see something different than
you see,” he said. “I think that’s where 5G is right now. It’s all in the eye of the beholder.”

8. 5G technology Vision
➨Data rates 10 Gb/s.
➨Low Latency , less than 1 ms can be achieved in 5G
using mm wave.
Hence traffic load is decreased on 5G base stations.
➨Higher bandwidth can be used with the help of
carrier aggregation feature. (UP to 8CA )
➨Dynamic beamforming is employed to overcome
path-loss at higher frequencies.
➨improved 5G network architecture handoff will be
smoother and hence it does not have any effect on data
transfer when mobile user changes cells.
5G offers 10x throughput, 10x decrease in latency, 10x connection density, 3x spectrum efficiency, 100x
traffic capacity and 100x network efficiency.

9. (eMBB)
(URLLC)(mMTC)
5G Application Scenarios
1. eMBB: multi-gigabit per second
(Gbps) data rates for applications like
virtual reality and the ability to
support extensive data traffic growth.
2. URLLC: Including very low latency
(sub-1ms) and very high availability,
reliability and security to support
services such as autonomous vehicles
and mobile healthcare.
3. mMTC: Including the ability to
support a massive number of low cost
IoT connections with very long
battery life and wide coverage
including inside buildings.

10. 5G Usages Socio-economics Prospective

11. Key Wireless Innovation areas for 5G Technology

12. 5G Antenna Technology

13. 5G Frequency spectrum
•Low bands below 1 GHz: longer range for e.g. mobile broadband and massive IoT e.g. 600 MHz, 700 MHz,
850/900 MHz
•Mid bands 1 GHz to 6 GHz: wider bandwidths for e.g. eMBB and mission-critical e.g. 3.4-3.8 GHz, 3.8-4.2 GHz,
4.4-4.9 GHz & LAA
•High bands above 24 GHz (mmWave): extreme bandwidths e.g. 24.25-27.5 GHz, 27.5-29.5, 37-40, 64-71 GHz

14. 5G Frequency Coverage & Antenna
Coverage Layer: 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.5 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz
and 2.6 GHz & LAA
Capacity Layer:
Europe 3400 – 3800 MHz (awarding trial licenses)
China 3300 – 3600 MHz (ongoing trial), 4400 – 4500 MHz, 4800 – 4990
MHz
Japan 3600 – 4200 MHz and 4400-4900 MHz
Korea 3400 – 3700 MHz
USA 3100 – 3550 MHz (and 3700 – 4200 MHz)
High Throughput Layer:
USA: 27.5 – 28.35 GHz and 37 – 40 GHz
Korea: 26.5 – 29.5 GHz
Japan: 27.5 – 28.28 GHz
China: 24.25 – 27.5 GHz and 37 – 43.5 GHz studies
Sweden: 26.5 – 27.5 GHz
EU: 24.25 – 27.5 GHz for commercial deployments from 2020
Separate mm-wave RFM Antenna Module

15. Antenna Requirement in a 5G System
LTE1
LTE4
LTE3
WIFI2
mm-wave RFM
LTE2
WiFi1
mm-waveRFM
Radio Approx. Frequency
Band
Main antenna: GSM/WCDMA/LTE
Main, NR
617 MHz-6 GHz
Aux Antenna 617 MHz-6 GHz
5G LTE MIMO3/MIMO4 1.8-6 GHz
5G mm-wave radio 24-40 GHz
BT 2400-2485 MHz
NFC 13.56 MHz
GNSS 1575, 1610 MHz
RFID 900 MHz
Antenna placement Example

16. Antenna Design & Placement Constraints
• Antenna Size : Antennas to cover 600 MHz-6GHz-, Size of the antenna proportional to Wavelength
• Isolation Between Antennas : At least 15 dB isolation required between the antennas
• Interference with Other circuitries: Antenna can not be placed very closed to high speed signals
• Mechanical System & ID (Industrial design ) requirements: Slim and Narrow bezel System
• Govt. Regulatory Compliances: FCC SAR limitation : Measure co-location SAR if two transmit antennas are
placed within 50mm.
• Network carrier requirement : Antenna should meet Carriers OTA requirements, TRP/TIS limits
(Mobile /Tablet/Laptop system prospective)

17. MIMO Technology

18. What is MIMO Technology?
MIMO wireless System is a Combination of Multiple Transmit Antennas at transmitter in which Multiple
inputs are provided to the wireless channels & Multiple Receive antennas at the receiver in which
Multiple elements/sample are received as the output of the wireless communication channel.
Tx Rx
X1
-
X2
Xn
Y1
-
Y2
Ym
Radio Channel

19. MxN-MIMO Wireless System
Tx
n symbols can be transmitted
on N-transmit antennas at a
time
X1
X2
.
.
Xn
N-dimension transmit vector
Rx
Y1
Y2
.
.
Ym
M-dimension Receive vector
M-receive antennas
Tx
Xn
X1
-
X2
N-transmit antennas
Y1
Y2
.
.
Ym
M-dimension Receive vector
Rx
Y1
-
Y2
Ym
m-symbols can be received
across the m-Receive antennas
at a time

20. Cont..
Coefficient between MxN Channel means M receive and N Transmit Coefficient MIMO Channel is transforms to N-
dimensional input vector to M-dimensional out Vector so this is nothing but Matrix vector dimension
h11
h21
.
.
hm1
h12
h22
.
.
hm2
…
…
…
.
…
h1n
h2n
.
.
hmn
Hij = Channel coefficient between the ith receive and
jth transmit antenna
X1
X2
.
.
Xn
Y1
Y2
.
.
Ym
MIMO Ch.
YMx1 = H XNx1 + WMx1 Where H will be MxN Matrix & W is noise matrix at receiving antenna
TX Antennas Rx Antennas

21. Multiple antenna configurations
Tx Antenna Rx Antenna
Radio Channel
Tx Antenna
Rx Antenna
Radio Channel
Tx Antenna Rx Antenna
SIMO
MIMO
SISO
MISO

22. MIMO implemented using diversity techniques
– provides diversity gain
– improving the reliability
MIMO implemented using spatial-multiplexing techniques
– provides multiplexing gain
– improving the data rate of the system
MIMO Implementation

23. MIMO- Diversity Technique
The SISO antenna configuration will not provide any diversity as there is no parallel link.
Thus the diversity is indicated as (0).
same information is sent across independent channels to combat fading
www.gaussianwaves.com

24. Cont..
SIMO case
- The same data are put on two different
channels having independent fading
characteristics.
- If one of the link fails to deliver the
data, the chances of proper delivery of
the data across the other link is very
high.
- Thus, additional fading channels
increase the reliability of the overall
transmission
- Diversity gain will be 2
www.gaussianwaves.com

25. Cont..
MIMO Diversity
More diversity paths can be
created by adding multiple
antennas at transmitter or
receiver or both.
www.gaussianwaves.com

26. MIMO- spatial-multiplexing techniques
Each spatial channel carries independent information, there by increasing the data rate of
the system.
Diversity gain is, 3
(assuming 3×1 MISO configuration)
and Multiplexing gain is, 0
Diversity gain is, 0 and the
multiplexing gain is ,3
(assuming 3×3 MIMO configuration).

27. Massive MIMO Technology

28. 5G Technology: Massive MIMO
• A very large antenna array at each base station
• A large number of user are served simultaneously
Complicate the task of beam forming

29. FD-MIMO
What is FD-MIMO?
FD stands for Full Dimension. Therefore, FD-
MIMO stands for Full Dimension MIMO. Then,
what does it mean by Full Dimension here ? It
means the antenna system that can form a
beam (beams) in both horizontal and vertical
direction so that it can cover (focus on)
anywhere in 3D spaces.

30. MU-MIMO
What is MU-MIMO ?
MU-MIMO stands for Multi User MIMO. It improves wireless throughput by enabling
simultaneous transmission to more than TWO users.

31. Questions?