This document discusses smart cities and the role of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology. It begins with an overview of population growth and the challenges facing modern cities. It then introduces the concept of a smart city and how technologies like IoT, AI and big data can help address issues related to resources, transportation and other areas. The document focuses on V2X specifically, explaining how vehicles can communicate with other vehicles, infrastructure and pedestrians to improve traffic flow and safety. It provides examples of V2X applications and standards like DSRC and cellular-V2X. The document outlines a V2V demonstration conducted at AUT and the vision to develop connected, autonomous electric vehicles and an on-campus V

1. Auckland! How smart you are!
Professor Peter Chong
Head of Department - Electrical and Electronic Engineering
School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences
Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies
Auckland University of Technology
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2. Smart City
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3. What’s wrong with our cities!
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Population
Explosion

4. Population Explosion
World
• Now we have 7.1 billion
• By 2025, we have 8 billion
• By 2050, we have ~9.2 billion
City
• Urban residents up 60 million/year
• Now 3.6 billion, half, of world population living in cities
• By 2050 population to 6.3 billion
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5. What’s wrong with our cities!
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Population
Explosion
Resources
Scarcity

6. What’s wrong with our cities!
6
Population
Explosion
Resources
Scarcity
Water
Energy
Food
Land

7. Resources Scarcity
Water Scarcity
• Loss of 32 billion cubic meters of water yearly.
• By 2025, half of the world’s population living in water deficient areas.
High demand in energy
• Will rise by 56% by 2040.
Food Shortage
• When crops fail due to drought, pests, climate changes, industrial pollution
• today more than one billion
• Today, 1 billion out of 6.5 billion people are affected by hunger; 33
countries “extremely alarming” levels of hunger.
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8. What’s wrong with our cities!
8
Population
Explosion
Resources
Scarcity
Water
Energy
Food
Land
Transportation Traffic Jams; Accidents

9. What’s wrong with our cities!
9
Population
Explosion
Resources
Scarcity
Water
Energy
Food
Land
Transportation
Aging Population Increase from 840 million to
2 billion by 2050
Traffic Jams; Accidents

10. What’s wrong with our cities!
10
Population
Explosion
Resources
Scarcity
Water
Energy
Food
Land
Transportation
Aging Population Increase from 840 million to
2 billion by 2050
Public safety Increased crime
Traffic Jams; Accidents

11. What’s wrong with our cities!
11
Population
Explosion
Scare of
resources
Water
Energy
Food
Land
Transportation
Aging Population
Increase from 840 million to
2 billion by 2050
Public safety Increased crime
Believe It
or Not!

12. What’s wrong with our cities!
12
Population
Explosion
Scare of
resources
Water
Energy
Food
Land
Transportation
Aging Population
Increase from 840 million to
2 billion by 2050
Public safety Increased crime
Believe It
or Not!
Smart City

13. What is Smart City?
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14. Smart Building
Smart Meter
Smart Education
Smart Toilet
Smart Security
Smart Energy
Smart Water
Smart Parking
Smart Health
Smart Mobility
Smart Infrastructure
Smart Street
Smart Urban Planning
Smart Home
Smart Retail
Smart Data Center
Smart Campus
Smart Phone
Smart Citizen
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Smart Transport
Smart Waste Management
Smart Government
Smart Agriculture

15. Smart Home
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Source: The Best Smart Home Devices For 2018 (YouTube/Google)

16. Smart Health
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Source: HEALTHCARE SYSTEM MANUFACTURER IN TAIWAN (Google)

17. Smart Street
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Source: iNELS SMART CITY | Smart street lighting(YouTube/Google)

18. Smart Toilet
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Source: Ideaing Smart Toilet (Google)

19. Smart Parking
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Source: Smart Parking Solution Using IoT - Mobiloitte Blog (Google)

20. What is Smart City?
• A smart city is an modern urban city, which has high
population density (large population and limited land) and
uses innovative technology, to achieve THREE main
objectives; improve life quality, create sustainable city, and
drive economic growth by connecting people, recourses,
information and city elements using FIVE major
technologies; ICT (information and communications
technology), (IoT) Internet of Things, AI (artificial intelligent),
sensing and big data.
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21. SIX Key Smart Components in Smart City
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Smart people
Smart Living
Smart
Environment
Smart Utility
Smart Mobility
Smart Economy

22. Smart City Technologies Framework
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1. Sensors
2. Wireless
Communication
3. Networking
4. Cloud
5.
6.

23. Where are the smart cities?
• Smart cities are everywhere
around the world.
• Aim to reduce traffic, save energy
and increase public safety
• By 2025, expect to have 88 smart
cites.
• Large cities could save $800 billion
using smart mobility technologies.
• $10 trillion of investment in
infrastructure by 2025.
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Seoul/Songdo/Suwon (South
Korea); Stockholm (Sweden);
Waterloo/Calgary/Vancouver
(Canada); Taipei (Taiwan);
Tokyo/Mitaka (Japan);
London/Glasgow (UK); New
York/Seattle/San Francisco
(USA); Barcelona (Spain);
Dublin (Ireland); Amsterdam
(Netherlands); Singapore;
Beijing/Hangzhou/Shenzhen
(China); New Delhi/Haryana
(India);

24. Amsterdam (Netherlands)
• Over 170+ projects since 2009
• Mobypark – parking spaces owners to rent their parking
spaces out to people
• Smart energy meter
• Smart lighting to control the brightness
• Smart traffic management to monitor the traffic in real time
to broadcast the road/traffic conditions to the motorists.
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25. San Francisco/Seattle/Santa Cruz (USA)
• San Francisco – Smart Corridor having 100+ advance
signs/cameras/sensors to improve traffic flow
• Seattle – High-performance building to reduce energy
consumption by analysing data in real-time
• Santa Cruz – local authorities analyse past crime data to
predict the future crime for placing police in some high crime
areas
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26. New Delhi/Chandigarh/Delhi (India)
• Set up 100 Smart Cities in the next 7 years
• LED lights and solar panels (mandatory) to save energy
• CCTC cameras to curb crime
• Pre-booking parking – use mobile apps to book a parking in
multi-level parking spaces
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27. Beijing/Hangzhou/Shenzhen(China)
• China has the highest number of smart city pilot projects;
500 out of over 1000 worldwide.
• Aims to develop 100 new smart cities from 2016 to 2020 for
urban planning and development nationwide.
• Smart City in China will be controlled by an AI
• ‘City Brain’ project in Hangzhou with Alibaba and Foxconn.
• AI will run the city by interpreting and making real-time decision of
all the data taken from the city.
• Everyone/everything is tracked in terms of their social activities,
their purchases, their movements, and their commutes.
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28. What about here!
• Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) started and led the Smart City
Programmes with Auckland/Wellington/Christchurch city councils in 2015.
• Lunched 13 smart POC projects and competed in 2016.
• From the Final Report (Dec 2016), it states that
• Overall, the projects have delivered efficient and effective smart sensing systems,
capturing and processing data to produce useful analytics that can inform decision-
making.
• The sustainability of the programme is somewhat unclear.
• The programme identified a number of highly valuable lessons, with wide
applicability including to central and local government, private enterprise, as well as
not-for-profit and others, such as the tertiary sector.
• Other key smart city drivers are Ministry of Business, Innovation and
Employment; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Transport; Ministry for the
Environment; Panuku Development Auckland, Auckland Transport, …
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29. Auckland Smart City
• Auckland City Council
• Smart City Master Plan by the end of 2017
• Examples are:
• Safe swim program to monitor water quality at Auckland beaches
• Storm water monitoring system with sensors to predict flooding
• Refrigerator monitoring system with Hitachi to monitor fridge temperatures in food
outlets
• Auckland Transport
• AT Technology Strategy report (June 2016);
• Describe AT’s strategic vision for technology for digital and ITS.
• Align with MOT Intelligent Transport System (ITS): Effective/Efficient/ Resilient /Safe and
Responsible
• Watercare
• Smart water meter in Waiuku trial (march 2017) – using smart data logger to
collect readings.
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30. Three Key Smart Things for Smart City
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Smart People
Smart GovernmentSmart Industry
Determination
&
Collaboration

31. Smart Mobility Research
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32. Today’s Focus
•An Overview of V2X (Vehicle-to-anything)
technology for future ITS
•Our recent V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) demo
•Our (AUT) Goal and Vision for Future ITS
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33. What is V2X?
• V2X (vehicle-to-anything) is smart mobility technology.
• It is mainly based on wireless/mobile communications and
networking technologies.
• To enable vehicles to communicate to other vehicles/access
points along the road.
• To Get Vehicles to Talk
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34. Illustration of V2X
V2V
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35. Illustration of V2X
V2I
35

36. Illustration of V2X
V2I
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37. Illustration of V2X
V2P
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38. Illustration of V2X
V2P
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39. VIP Networks
(vehicle-to-infrastructure-to-pedestrian)
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40. Why V2X!
•For traffic management/control to reduce the
traffic congestion and optimize the traffic flows
•For safe drive to reduce/avoid car accidents to
save lives and money
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41. WHY Safe Drive! - Every Life Matters
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1.Global Traffic Accident (2014)
• 1.3 million/year died in road accidents; 3300 deaths/day; > 50% of them age 15 – 44.
• 20-million injured/disabled.
• Compared it to aviation, a small airliner falling out of the sky everyday.
• Road crashes cost US$518 billion globally for 1-2% annual GDP for each country
2. Is it Serious? YES - Unacceptable
• Road crashes rank 9th leading cause of death for 2.2% of all death globally.
• Do nothing, it will become 5th leading cause of death by 2030.
3. Can we help? YES – Using Technology
• It has shown that using electric stability control (ESC) can reduce ~ 15%
car accidents and save 20% of lives.

42. A Car Accident in China (2017)
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43. Safety Applications
• Collision prevention
Forward collision warning Intersection collision warning
• Hazard warning
• Platooning
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44. Two Major V2X Technologies/Standards
• DSRC (dedicated short-range communication)
• Support both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure
(V2I) communications by broadcasting real-time safety messages
among vehicles using ITS spectrum at 5.9 GHz.
• Mainly based on IEEE standards; IEEE 802.11p; IEEE 1609.x
• Cellular-V2X
• Supports direct safety communication of V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle),
V2I (vehicle-to-RSU) and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian) using ITS
spectrum at 5.9 GHz.
• Take advantage of the widespread cellular network coverage in the
world.
• Mainly based on LTE V2X/5G standards.
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45. V2V Demo for Video Transmission
at AUT
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46. Major V2X Wireless Equipment based on DSRC
On-board Unit (OBU) Road side unit (RSU)
NXP-Cohda Wireless
Wireless mesh Router
IEEE 802.11p
IEEE 802.11AC
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Vehicle Design
Antenna

47. Major V2X Wireless Equipment based on DSRC
On-board Unit (OBU) Road side unit (RSU)
NXP-Cohda Wireless
Wireless mesh Router
IEEE 802.11p
IEEE 802.11AC
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Vehicle Design
Antenna

48. 48

49. What is next!
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WE Building WZ Building
• Next plan is to set up a One-Street V2X network along St Paul Street at AUT.
• Install 2 RSUs in 2 buildings to provide 802.11p/DSRC coverage for vehicles driving along the street.
• Use wireless mesh routers as backbone to transfer the signal/message to the PC controller in WZ building,
• Support from AUT ICT Services and Facilities Management
• Next Next plan is to deploy and test a full-scale V2X network in Marsden city to demonstrate the complete
functions and capabilities of V2X technologies. (collaborated with Northland Innovation Center at Marsden)

50. Our AUT Vision/Goal
Connected Electric-Autonomous Vehicle for Intelligent Localised Urban Public Transport
• Electric-Autonomous Vehicle (E-AV) is the future of transportation.
• However, E-AV can’t work alone. They must work together.
• Connected E-AV is the fusion technology to combine V2X + AI + AV
technologies.
• Our aims
• Develop our own Connected Autonomous Vehicle technologies
• Deploy and trial future last-mile multipoint pick-up public transport system
• Provide intelligent and autonomous multipoint pick-up services to bring
residents around the community-area (e.g. to the central community hub or
public transport station)
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51. INTELLIGENT VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY (IVT) GROUP AT AUT
Data
Analytics
Configurable
ITS S/W
Energy
Efficient
Vehicular
communications
(V2X)
Automated
Control Platform
Artificial
Intelligent
Computer
Vision
Cyber
Security

52. THANK YOU
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences
Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies
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