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Explore and examine the survival function of triggers in mental health and addiction recovery.
2. Define a trigger
Define a craving
Explore the concept of stimulus
generalization
Discuss the function of triggers
Explore triggers in terms of mental health
symptoms
3. Explore how cravings can lead to obsessive
thinking
Review the stages of the recovery process
Identify potential relapse triggers at each
phase and appropriate interventions
4. Physical or cognitive stimulus
Which causes a physical or cognitive reaction
To either repeat (pleasure) or avoid (pain) the
stimulus
Any pleasurable activity is associated with
elevated dopamine levels
5. Triggers can be
◦ Auditory
◦ Visual
◦ Olfactory
◦ Tactile
◦ Cognitive
8. Purpose: Generally survival
Sight---bright sun, something headed to
your face
Sound---loud noise, heartbeat
Smell---pleasant, noxious
Touch--- pain, temperature
Taste--- Pleasant or noxious
10. Engaging in a behavior that produces
dopamine release produces a reward, so you
are likely to do it again.
Generalization occurs when a reminder
(stimulus) for the behavior occurs in different
settings
11. Triggers for eating as an infant birth- 3
months
◦ Hunger
◦ ***Internal states: Sleepy, fussy, sick
Triggers as a baby 3months to a year
◦ Hunger
◦ Time (circadian rhythms)
◦ Sites: Bottle, others eating
◦ ***Internal states: Sleepy, fussy, sick
12. Triggers for eating as a toddler
◦ Hunger
◦ Time (circadian rhythms)
◦ Sites: Bottle, others eating
◦ ***Internal states: Sleepy, fussy, sick, boredom
◦ Smells
◦ ***Places: Car, store, watching television
13. Triggers for eating as a toddler
◦ Hunger
◦ Time (circadian rhythms)
◦ Sites: Bottle, others eating
◦ ***Internal states: Sleepy, fussy, sick, boredom
◦ Smells
◦ ***Places: Car, store, watching television
◦ And… the generalization continues
14. What is the reward/benefit?
Use (associated stimuli)
◦ Sight
◦ Sound
◦ Smell
◦ Touch
◦ Taste
◦ Thought
◦ Setting
15. What is the survival benefit of this reaction?
Types of Triggers
◦ Sight
◦ Sound
◦ Smell
◦ Touch
◦ Taste
◦ Thought
◦ Setting
16. What is the survival benefit of this reaction?
Types of Triggers
◦ Sight
◦ Sound
◦ Smell
◦ Touch
◦ Taste
◦ Thought
◦ Setting
17. What is the survival benefit of this reaction?
Types of Triggers
◦ Sight
◦ Sound
◦ Smell
◦ Touch
◦ Taste
◦ Thought
◦ Setting
18. What is the survival benefit of this reaction?
Types of Triggers
◦ Sight
◦ Sound
◦ Smell
◦ Touch
◦ Taste
◦ Thought
19. It is impossible to address every trigger
Triggers represent a desire for a reward, to
avoid punishment or to survive
Triggers serve a function
Many triggers are "wrongly" conditioned
Mindfulness and Riding the Wave are two
crucial skills to help clients deal with triggers
and cravings
20. What are cravings
◦ A desire FOR something (commercials do this)
◦ Can become obsessive
Questions
◦ What do you crave/want?
◦ WHY do you crave/want it?
◦ Is this healthy and beneficial?
◦ How else could you meet this need/deal with this
craving?
21. • When we do something that aids in our survival,
the limbic system rewards us by releasing dopamine
• The more rewarding the behavior, the more dopamine
(and other pleasure chemicals) are released
• Prolonged engagement in an addiction can lead the
brain to stop producing as much dopamine as it
naturally does
22. Stage Duration
Withdrawal 1 to 2 weeks
Honeymoon 4 weeks
The Wall 12 to 16 weeks
Readjustment 8 weeks or longer
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23. Lasts 1 to 2 weeks
Craving
Depression
◦ Low energy
◦ Difficulty sleeping
◦ Increased appetite
◦ Difficulty concentrating
Anxiety
Irritability
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24. Vulnerabilities
◦ Situations or conditions that make it more difficult
to remain optimistic and enthusiastic
Emotional
Physical
Situational
Cognitive
◦ Need to be minimized or eliminated
25. Lasts about 4 weeks (until newness wears off)
Increased energy, enthusiasm, and optimism
People often feel they are “cured” when they
reach this stage
Family members often view this as the
beginning of a relapse
Often coincides with discharge from residential
Excellent time to find “exceptions”
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26. Lasts about 12 to 16 weeks
Hardest stage of recovery (Reconditioning)
Symptoms
◦ Depression
◦ Irritability
◦ Low energy
◦ Loss of enthusiasm
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27. Symptoms
◦ Anxiety
◦ Easily overwhelmed
◦ Body and brain still recovering from effects of
substances
◦ High risk of relapse
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28. People
Places
Things
Times
Activities
Feelings
Lack of self care
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29. Triggers are stimuli that prompt a
response
Craving is the repeated thought or
sustained desire for that response
Triggers can be good or bad
Most people with addictions and/or
mental health issues have multiple
triggers that need to be reconditioned
30. Addiction causes changes in the brain
Using produces feelings of escape or
euphoria which become associated with
people, places and things.
When exposed to those people, places or
things, people may begin to have
cravings
31. When faced with unpleasant emotions or
situations, people may also have cravings
Recovery involves
◦ Becoming aware of triggers and their function
◦ Eliminating or minimizing vulnerabilities
◦ Creating new associations
◦ Developing new ways to feel good and deal
with stress.
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