The mitigation of climate change and the substitution of fossil energy sources is one of the greatest tasks of our time. Electric mobility is the most promising solution to decarbonize the transport sector. As the market for electric vehicles is quickly gaining momentum, an urgent need for intelligent integration of the energy and mobility system arises. This integration leads to a multitude of technical, economic and social challenges. Thus, this paper aims to identify the need for future research, development, standardization and regulation to provide recommendations for action. Presentation by: Dr. Stefan Wolf and Roman Korzynietz VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Presented at: 32nd International Electric Vehicle Symposium in Lyon (France)

1. INNOVATION NEEDS FOR THE
INTEGRATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
INTO THE ENERGY SYSTEM
Stefan Wolf, Roman Korzynietz
VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH
EVS 32, Lyon, 22nd May 2019

2. KEY MESSAGES
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 Electric vehicles will dominate the car market by 2030
 The quick adoption of electric vehicles is a key
success factor for a successful energy transition
 Controlled charging needs to be implemented
to reduce the need for grid expansion
 Communication interfaces between EVs and charging
infrastructure need to be standardized and implemented
 Grid connection and billing processes need to be standardized
to speed up the installation of charging infrastructure

3. STATUS QUO

4. DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE SALES
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98%fossil fuel cars
Source: http://www.ev-volumes.com/country/total-world-plug-in-vehicle-volumes/
!

5. VISION

6. MARKET DIFFUSION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Marketshareofelectricvehicles
Roland Berger 2016 (A)
Roland Berger 2016 (B)
Kampman et al. 2011 (most realistic)
Kampman et al. 2011 (ICE breakthrough)
Kampman et al. 2011 (EV breakthrough)
Hill et al. 2016 (Tech 2)
Hill et al. 2016 (Tech 3)
A.T. Kearney 2011 (0%)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Slightly)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Moderately)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Highly)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Slight Changes)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Awareness)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Green World)
Harrison und Thiel 2016 (low)
Harrison und Thiel 2016 (high)
Pasaoglu et al. 2015 (Petroleum Persistence)
Pasaoglu et al. 2015 (Technology Transition)
OECD und IEA 2018 (EV30@30)
OECD und IEA 2018 (new policies)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Marketshareofelectricvehicles
Roland Berger 2016 (A)
Roland Berger 2016 (B)
Kampman et al. 2011 (most realistic)
Kampman et al. 2011 (ICE breakthrough)
Kampman et al. 2011 (EV breakthrough)
Hill et al. 2016 (Tech 2)
Hill et al. 2016 (Tech 3)
A.T. Kearney 2011 (0%)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Slightly)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Moderately)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Highly)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Slight Changes)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Awareness)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Green World)
Harrison und Thiel 2016 (low)
Harrison und Thiel 2016 (high)
Pasaoglu et al. 2015 (Petroleum Persistence)
Pasaoglu et al. 2015 (Technology Transition)
OECD und IEA 2018 (EV30@30)
OECD und IEA 2018 (new policies)

7. MARKET DIFFUSION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Marketshareofelectricvehicles
Roland Berger 2016 (A)
Roland Berger 2016 (B)
Kampman et al. 2011 (most realistic)
Kampman et al. 2011 (ICE breakthrough)
Kampman et al. 2011 (EV breakthrough)
Hill et al. 2016 (Tech 2)
Hill et al. 2016 (Tech 3)
A.T. Kearney 2011 (0%)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Slightly)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Moderately)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Highly)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Slight Changes)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Awareness)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Green World)
Harrison und Thiel 2016 (low)
Harrison und Thiel 2016 (high)
Pasaoglu et al. 2015 (Petroleum Persistence)
Pasaoglu et al. 2015 (Technology Transition)
OECD und IEA 2018 (EV30@30)
OECD und IEA 2018 (new policies)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Marketshareofelectricvehicles
Roland Berger 2016 (A)
Roland Berger 2016 (B)
Kampman et al. 2011 (most realistic)
Kampman et al. 2011 (ICE breakthrough)
Kampman et al. 2011 (EV breakthrough)
Hill et al. 2016 (Tech 2)
Hill et al. 2016 (Tech 3)
A.T. Kearney 2011 (0%)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Slightly)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Moderately)
Pasaoglu et al. 2012 (Highly)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Slight Changes)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Awareness)
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Green World)
Harrison und Thiel 2016 (low)
Harrison und Thiel 2016 (high)
Pasaoglu et al. 2015 (Petroleum Persistence)
Pasaoglu et al. 2015 (Technology Transition)
OECD und IEA 2018 (EV30@30)
OECD und IEA 2018 (new policies)
Paris climate target (GW well below 2°C)
Ambitious climate change mitigation
Business as usual
Renaissance of internal combustion engines

8. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Marketshareofelectricvehicles
Oliver Wyman 2015 (Slight Changes)
BANS ON FOSSIL FUEL CARS
© VDI/VDE-IT  8 Plans and aspirations expressed by cities, regions and countries.
Source: IEA (2018): Global EV Outlook 2018; Bruch I., Gilchrist J. (2018): Survey of Global Activity to Phase Out Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles
Country bans on fossil fuel car sales:
• 2025: Norway
• 2030: Denmark, India, Ireland, Israel,
Netherlands, Slovenia,
• 2032: Scotland
• 2040: China, France, UK (excl. Scotland)
City & regional bans on fossil fuel car usage:
• 2020 to 2035: Oxford
• 2025: British Columbia
• 2030: Amsterdam, Auckland, Barcelona,
Cape Town, Copenhagen, Hainan,
Heidelberg, London, Los Angeles, Milan,
Quito, Seattle, Vancouver

9.  Electricity demand generated by electric vehicles will increase by less than 10%.
 Grid capacity is the limiting factor in serving the charging infrastructure.
 High simultaneity of power demand for charging endangers the stability of the electric grid.
 Electric vehicle charging needs to be shifted to times of low grid utilization.
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENERGY SYSTEM
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Source: IEA (2018): Global EV Outlook 2018

10. GAP

11. GAP ANALYSIS
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 No clear long term strategy for the energy transition in the transport sector.
 Many different actors need to be involved to install public charging infrastructure.
 Many different billing schemes for public charging confuse electric vehicle drivers.
 Simultaneous charging of electric vehicles may exceed grid capacity and lead to outages.
 No standardized communication infrastructure in place. SMGW1 roll-out expected for 2020.
 Few incentives for DSM2 of the charging infrastructure.
1) SMGW: Smart Meter Gateway 2) DSM: Demand Side Management
0% electric vehicles 100% electric vehiclesobstacles and challenges

12. INNOVATION

13. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS I
Technology roadmap developed in a workshop with 20 experts
from the fields of energy, electric vehicles and infrastructure.
Improve socio-economic and regulatory frame work conditions:
 Develop a long term strategy for the energy transition in the transport sector to reduce
risks for investment decisions and to enhance the market diffusion of electric vehicles.
 Align urban and rural development with long term policy objectives.
 Create incentives for grid conform energy management of vehicle charging
e.g. through dynamic electricity pricing and reduced taxes and levies.
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14. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS II
Technology roadmap developed in a workshop with 20 experts
from the fields of energy, electric vehicles and infrastructure.
Develop enabling Technologies:
 Enhance and implement standardized communication interfaces between electric vehicles
and charging infrastructure to enable plug&charge and v2g functionality.
 Development, testing and implementation of grid conform energy management for
charging infrastructure.
 Develop inductive charging technology and unlock synergies with automated driving.
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15. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS III
Technology roadmap developed in a workshop with 20 experts
from the fields of energy, electric vehicles and infrastructure.
Market-ready products and services:
 Roll out of smart meter gateways to enable secure communication
between charging infrastructure and system operator.
 Create transparency for charging prices and billing schemes e.g. through regulation
or a web based price comparison platform.
 Implement a mechanism to communicate the status of the energy system e.g. by dynamic
pricing of electricity as a function of grid status.
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16. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS IV
Technology roadmap developed in a workshop with 20 experts
from the fields of energy, electric vehicles and infrastructure.
Social and economic impacts
 Reduce local air pollution through sped up market diffusion of electric vehicles.
 Integrate public charging infrastructure into public spaces seamlessly.
 Change charging habits to comply with fluctuating energy supply
through automated energy management.
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17. SELECTED ACTIVITIES IN GERMANY
 National Platform Future of Mobility (NPM) aims to develop paths that cross and link modes
of transport for a largely greenhouse gas-neutral and environmentally friendly transport
system that enables efficient, high-quality, flexible, available, safe, resilient and affordable
mobility in both passenger and goods transport.
 Immediate program for clean air is supporting polluted cities and municipalities with new
funding guidelines for more low-emission vehicle fleets, the switch to alternative drive
systems and more infrastructure for electric mobility.
 Battery manufacturing with the aim to create an IPCEI for the production of battery cells for
high-capacity, sustainably produced and cost-effective batteries. This objective is central to
the electrification of automotive drives and thus to the future success and competitiveness
of German and European automobile manufacturers.
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18. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND FURTHER INFORMATION
 Research Program: ELEKTRO POWER II
 13 R&D Projects
 29 Million Euro public funding
 Program manager: DLR Project Management Agency
 Accompanying research: Institute for innovation and Technology
 Latest Publication:
 Perspektiven der Elektromobilität für Energiewende, Produktion
und Ladeinfrastruktur (German)
 Acknowledgement:
© VDI/VDE-IT  18 https://www.iit-berlin.de/de/publikationen/perspektiven-der-elektromobilitaet-fuer-energiewende-produktion-und-ladeinfrastruktur

19. THANK YOU!
Dr.-Ing. Stefan Wolf
Innovation Consultant
Institute for innovation and technology (iit)
within VDI/VDE Innovation + Technology GmbH
Steinplatz 1
10623 Berlin
Germany
Tel. +49 30 310078-5630
Fax +49 30 310078-225
wolf@iit-berlin.de
www.iit-berlin.de