2. Pedagogy: Definition
* the method and practice of teaching,
especially as an academic subject or
theoretical concept
* Science
* The theory of Teaching
3. 21st Century
Learning
Education 2.0
Education 3.0 - a Paradigm Shift
Education 1.0
Supported Through an Adapted
Reform Agenda
Enabled by
Technology
21st
Century
Skills
Interdisciplinary
Pedagogy
Achieved in
Holistic
Transformation
Education 3.0
Traditional
Education
Systems
Curriculum
Teachers
Accountability
Leadership
Education Is the Great Equalizer in Our Society
and the Foundation of Innovation and Prosperity
4. Traditional Education System
Home based education system
Transfer of education generation wise-
father to son, mother to daughter
Gurukul system
Gurus used to decide everything
Students live in Gurus home for
education
Life skills, valuable life experiences
5. Education in Rana Regime
Very few schools
Common people had no access to
education
No right to establish school even
libraries
State's first school: Durbar School
First College: Tri Chandra College
6. Democratic Period
Milestone period in education: 2007
State accepted the responsibility to
educate citizens
Unorganized education in the
beginning and institutionalized in the
later time of this period
Curriculum : not need based
Completely Teacher centered
7. Now: Development period
Period after 2027 BS as the
development period in education
system
Launched Nepal Education System
Plan( NSEP)
Janak Shikshya Samagri is assigned
to publish textbooks
Inclusion of vocational education in
school level curriculum
8. Contd.
Need based Curriculum
Skilled manpower at teaching
Shifting towards student centered
classroom
Context based contents
Knowledge generating
Nation quite serious
By 2022 AD- no improvement in
education=Again in the list of LDC.
9. Beyond constructivism?
Paradigm Shift in Education
Past Present Future
Knowledge Adoption Knowledge Production Knowledge Navigation
learn = study learn = research learn = evaluate / navigate
rote learning active and productive learning
navigating, evaulating, integrating,
problem solving and communicating
behaviourism constructivism navigationism / evaluationism
social
constructivism
teaching / instruction learning facilitation mentoring and coaching
guided research
/ supported
inquiry
The teacher is the primary source
of knowledge [source of
the WHAT]
The teacher is one of the sources of
knowledge [source of the WHAT and
assisting with the HOW]
The teacher is the source of skills and
competencies required to navigate
[source of the HOW]
Knowledge creation is for some elites
and knowledge is already in place
Knowledge creation is the central
issue
Knowledge creation is a side/implied
issue. The central issue is to be able
to navigate within the enormous
knowledge explosion
The focus of learning is on gaining The focus of learning is on creating The focus of learning is on navigating
12. Key Features
building technological, information and
media fluencies
developing thinking skills
makes use of project based learning
uses problem solving as a teaching
tool
13. Contd.
uses 21st Century with timely,
appropriate and detailed feedback and
reflection
collaborative in nature and uses
enabling and empowering
technologies
Contextual learning bridging the
disciplines and curriculum areas
14. 21st Century Classroom
Exciting one that can deliver powerful
learning outcomes through the use of
emerging technologies
Adaptable
Flexible
16. 21st century teacher
An adaptor
A communicator
A leader
A learner
A visionary
A model
A collaborator
A risk taker
17. Contd.
Even though our curriculum reflects
the new paradigm and we have the
facilities and resources that could
enable 21st century learning: we will
only be the 21st century teacher if how
we teach changes as well
Our pedagogy must also
change
18. Knowledge
Knowledge doesn't specially appear in the diagram
So, Do we teach content?
Yes, but the objective is to create knowledge
We must scaffold and support this constructionist process
19. Contd.
Knowledge or Content contexts
with the tasks and activities the
students are undertaking
Students respond well to real world
problems
Our delivery of knowledge should
scaffold the learning process and
provide a foundation for activities
21. Thinking skills
Knowledge we teach may be obsolete
within years
Thinking Skills Entire Life
Industrial Age education: Lower Order
thinking skills
LOTS are just remembering and
understanding aspects in Bloom’s
Taxonomy
22. Focus of 21st Century Pedagogy
21st Century scaffolds of the learning of students
23. Collaboration
21st Century is the age of collaboration
as well as the Information age
21st C students and digital natives:
Collaborative
Social Networking sites: Collaborative
Projects
Examples: International School Award
24. Contd.
Teaching should model as
Collaboration
Collaborative tools
Wikis
Classroom blogs
Social networks
Collaboration is not a 21st century
skill it is 21st century essential
25. Contd.
Collaboration has been a key element
of each of the four pillars:
Learning to do
Learning to do
Learning to live together
Learning to be
The four pillars of Education, Learning:
The Treasure within; UNESCO
publication
26. Real World, Inter disciplinary and PBL
21st century students do not want
abstract examples
Focus on real world problems
Projects should be encompassing,
bringing together and reinforcing the
learning in the disciplines
The sum of the students’ learning will
be greater than the individual aspects
taught in isolation
27. 21st Century Skills
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Collaboration across Networks and
Leading by Influence
Agility( liveliness) and Adaptability
Initiative and Entrepreneurialism
Effective Oral and Written
Communication
Accessing and Analyzing Information
Curiosity and Imagination
28. Assessment
an integral part of instruction
determines whether or not the goals of
education are being met
Assessment affects decisions about
grades, placement, advancement,
instructional needs, curriculum, and, in
some cases, funding
30. Standardized Assessment
Almost every school is exercising
standardized tests
same test
Paper and pencil test
3 hours exams
31. Alternative Assessment
Observation
Essays
Interviews
Performance tasks
Exhibitions and demonstrations
Portfolios
Journals
Student-created tests
Rubrics
Self- and peer-evaluation
32. Feedback
Value of timely, appropriate, detailed
and specific feedback
Feedback as a learning tool after
thinking skills
We must provide and facilitate safe
and appropriate feedback
33. Fluency
Use of technology= Technological
fluency
Collecting, processing, manipulating
and validating information=information
fluency
Using, selecting, viewing and
manipulating media= media fluency
34. Five Major Promoters of
Learning
◦ NATURAL LEARNING
PROGRAMS (Gallistel, 2003)
◦ REPETITION of
INFORMATION (Squire and
Kandel, 2000)
◦ EXCITEMENT at the time of
learning (Cahill & Gorski, 2003;
LeDoux, 2002)
◦ EATING CARBOHYDRATES at
time of learning (Korol, 2002)
◦ 8-9 HOURS OF SLEEP after
35. General Philosophies of Life
Philosophies of Education
Learning Theories
Fluctuating
mixture
focused on
learner
needs.
Teacher as disseminator
Student as passive
receptacle
Curriculum is fixed,
structured, segmented, and
sequel
Learning tasks are
individual-oriented
Learner assessment focused
on quizzes, test, exams,
individual presentations
Teacher as facilitator
Student as engaged
discoverer
Curriculum is flexible
Learning tasks are group-
oriented
Learner assessment
focused on projects,
portfolios, etc.
Traditional
Behaviorism
Contemporary
**Constructivism
Paradigm Shift
Essentialism Progressivism
Paradigm Shift
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Best possible scenario?
If a student can’t learn
the way we teach
– we may teach the way
s/he learns.
Cognitivism
36. Conclusion and the path
forward
21st pedagogy: student centric
Curriculum and assessments are inclusive,
interdisciplinary and contextual based on
real world examples
Students not only collaborate but also
discuss, reflect and provides feedback to
teachers
Collaborative and PBL using the access of
technologies
Develop key fluencies and make use of
higher order thinking skills