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Thermistor Temperature Sensors
T h e m a t e r i a l s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s c o m p i l a t i o n a r e f o r t h e u s e o f D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c . p o t e n t i a l c u s t o m e r s
a n d c u r r e n t e m p l o y e e s a s a r e s o u r c e o n l y . T h e y m a y n o t b e r e p r o d u c e d , p u b l i s h e d , o r t r a n s m i t t e d
e l e c t r o n i c a l l y f o r c o m m e r c i a l p u r p o s e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e C o m p a n y ’ s n a m e , l i k e n e s s , p r o d u c t n a m e s , a n d
l o g o s , i n c l u d e d w i t h i n t h e s e c o m p i l a t i o n s m a y n o t b e u s e d w i t h o u t s p e c i f i c , w r i t t e n p r i o r p e r m i s s i o n f r o m
D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c .
© C o p y r i g h t 2 0 1 5 D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c .
Thermistors
O v e r v i e w
 D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s o f f e r s m a n y t e m p e r a t u r e m e a s u r i n g p r o d u c t s
t h a t u s e a t h e r m i s t o r a s t h e s e n s i n g e l e m e n t
 D w y e r a l s o m a n u f a c t u r e s a w i d e v a r i e t y
o f t h e s e t e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r s
Thermistors
O v e r v i e w
 T h e r m i s t o r s a r e b a s e d o n t h e p r i n c i p a l t h a t t h e e l e c t r i c a l
r e s i s t a n c e o f s e m i c o n d u c t o r m a t e r i a l s i s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e
t e m p e r a t u r e
 T h e r m i s t o r ’s w o r k w e l l o v e r s m a l l e r
t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e s w i t h b e t t e r a c c u r a c y
t h a n R T D ’s b u t a r e v e r y n o n - l i n e a r
 T h e y a l s o g e n e r a l l y o f f e r b e t t e r
r e s p o n s e t i m e s
 T h e r m i s t o r s h a v e m u c h h i g h e r r e s i s t a n c e
v a l u e s t h e n R T D ’s w i t h r a n g e s t y p i c a l l y
r a n g i n g f r o m 1 0 0 o h m s t o 1 0 0 m e g a o h m s
Thermistors
O v e r v i e w
 T h e r e t w o m a i n t y p e s o f t h e r m i s t o r s b a s e d o n t e m p e r a t u r e
r e s p o n s e : P T C a n d N T C
 W i t h P T C , p o s i t i v e t e m p e r a t u r e c o e f f i c i e n t ,
t h e r e s i s t a n c e i n c r e a s e s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g
t e m p e r a t u r e
 P T C t h e r m i s t o r s a r e f o r m e d b y u s i n g
s e m i c o n d u c t o r m a t e r i a l s a l o n g w i t h
p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e c e r a m i c
 A P T C t h e r m i s t o r h a s a n e x t r e m e l y l a r g e
r e s i s t a n c e c h a n g e f o r s m a l l t e m p e r a t u r e
c h a n g e s a n d h a s a c r i t i c a l s w i t c h
t e m p e r a t u r e w h e r e t h e r e s i s t a n c e b e g i n s
t o c h a n g e q u i c k l y a s s h o w n i n t h e g r a p h
 T h i s b e h a v i o r m a k e s t h e m w e l l s u i t e d f o r
o n - o f f u s e a s a s w i t c h .
Thermistors
O v e r v i e w
 W i t h N T C , n e g a t i v e t e m p e r a t u r e c o e f f i c i e n t , t h e r e s i s t a n c e
d e c r e a s e s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e .
 N T C t h e r m i s t o r s a r e f o r m e d w i t h s i n t e r e d
m e t a l o x i d e s m a d e o f t r a n s i t i o n m e t a l s
s u c h a s n i c k e l , m a n g a n e s e , c o p p e r, i r o n ,
a n d c o b a l t
 T h e y c a n a l s o b e c o n s t r u c t e d o f
s e m i c o n d u c t o r m a t e r i a l s o f s i l i c o n
o r g e r m a n i u m
 N T C t h e r m i s t o r s a r e c o m m o n l y u s e d t o
m e a s u r e t e m p e r a t u r e o v e r a s p e c i f i c r a n g e
 N T C ’ s a r e d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e i r r e s i s t a n c e
v a l u e a n d t e m p e r a t u r e c u r v e s u c h a s
a 1 0 K Ty p e 3
Thermistors
O v e r v i e w
 T h e r m i s t o r s c o m e i n s e v e r a l s t y l e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n d e p e n d i n g o n
t h e a p p l i c a t i o n n e e d
 T h e r m i s t o r s t y l e s i n c l u d e : r o d s , b e a d s ,
d i s c s , w a s h e r s , a n d f l a k e s
Thermistors
O v e r v i e w
 S i n c e t h e r m i s t o r s h a v e s u c h h i g h r e s i s t a n c e r a n g e s t h e y a r e t w o
w i r e d e v i c e s a s l e a d w i r e r e s i s t a n c e h a s a l i t t l e o r n o e f f e c t
 T h e r m i s t o r s a r e w i r e d d i r e c t l y t o t h e
m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t o r t h e y c a n b e
e x t e n d e d w i t h i n s u l a t e d e l e c t r i c a l
c o p p e r w i r e
 S e n s o r w i r e s s h o u l d n e v e r b e r u n i n
c o n d u i t w i t h p o w e r s o u r c e s o r t h e r e
c o u l d b e n o i s e p r o b l e m s

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Thermistor Temperature Sensors

  • 1. Thermistor Temperature Sensors T h e m a t e r i a l s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s c o m p i l a t i o n a r e f o r t h e u s e o f D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c . p o t e n t i a l c u s t o m e r s a n d c u r r e n t e m p l o y e e s a s a r e s o u r c e o n l y . T h e y m a y n o t b e r e p r o d u c e d , p u b l i s h e d , o r t r a n s m i t t e d e l e c t r o n i c a l l y f o r c o m m e r c i a l p u r p o s e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e C o m p a n y ’ s n a m e , l i k e n e s s , p r o d u c t n a m e s , a n d l o g o s , i n c l u d e d w i t h i n t h e s e c o m p i l a t i o n s m a y n o t b e u s e d w i t h o u t s p e c i f i c , w r i t t e n p r i o r p e r m i s s i o n f r o m D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c . © C o p y r i g h t 2 0 1 5 D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c .
  • 2. Thermistors O v e r v i e w  D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s o f f e r s m a n y t e m p e r a t u r e m e a s u r i n g p r o d u c t s t h a t u s e a t h e r m i s t o r a s t h e s e n s i n g e l e m e n t  D w y e r a l s o m a n u f a c t u r e s a w i d e v a r i e t y o f t h e s e t e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r s
  • 3. Thermistors O v e r v i e w  T h e r m i s t o r s a r e b a s e d o n t h e p r i n c i p a l t h a t t h e e l e c t r i c a l r e s i s t a n c e o f s e m i c o n d u c t o r m a t e r i a l s i s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e  T h e r m i s t o r ’s w o r k w e l l o v e r s m a l l e r t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e s w i t h b e t t e r a c c u r a c y t h a n R T D ’s b u t a r e v e r y n o n - l i n e a r  T h e y a l s o g e n e r a l l y o f f e r b e t t e r r e s p o n s e t i m e s  T h e r m i s t o r s h a v e m u c h h i g h e r r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s t h e n R T D ’s w i t h r a n g e s t y p i c a l l y r a n g i n g f r o m 1 0 0 o h m s t o 1 0 0 m e g a o h m s
  • 4. Thermistors O v e r v i e w  T h e r e t w o m a i n t y p e s o f t h e r m i s t o r s b a s e d o n t e m p e r a t u r e r e s p o n s e : P T C a n d N T C  W i t h P T C , p o s i t i v e t e m p e r a t u r e c o e f f i c i e n t , t h e r e s i s t a n c e i n c r e a s e s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e  P T C t h e r m i s t o r s a r e f o r m e d b y u s i n g s e m i c o n d u c t o r m a t e r i a l s a l o n g w i t h p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e c e r a m i c  A P T C t h e r m i s t o r h a s a n e x t r e m e l y l a r g e r e s i s t a n c e c h a n g e f o r s m a l l t e m p e r a t u r e c h a n g e s a n d h a s a c r i t i c a l s w i t c h t e m p e r a t u r e w h e r e t h e r e s i s t a n c e b e g i n s t o c h a n g e q u i c k l y a s s h o w n i n t h e g r a p h  T h i s b e h a v i o r m a k e s t h e m w e l l s u i t e d f o r o n - o f f u s e a s a s w i t c h .
  • 5. Thermistors O v e r v i e w  W i t h N T C , n e g a t i v e t e m p e r a t u r e c o e f f i c i e n t , t h e r e s i s t a n c e d e c r e a s e s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e .  N T C t h e r m i s t o r s a r e f o r m e d w i t h s i n t e r e d m e t a l o x i d e s m a d e o f t r a n s i t i o n m e t a l s s u c h a s n i c k e l , m a n g a n e s e , c o p p e r, i r o n , a n d c o b a l t  T h e y c a n a l s o b e c o n s t r u c t e d o f s e m i c o n d u c t o r m a t e r i a l s o f s i l i c o n o r g e r m a n i u m  N T C t h e r m i s t o r s a r e c o m m o n l y u s e d t o m e a s u r e t e m p e r a t u r e o v e r a s p e c i f i c r a n g e  N T C ’ s a r e d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e i r r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e a n d t e m p e r a t u r e c u r v e s u c h a s a 1 0 K Ty p e 3
  • 6. Thermistors O v e r v i e w  T h e r m i s t o r s c o m e i n s e v e r a l s t y l e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n d e p e n d i n g o n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n n e e d  T h e r m i s t o r s t y l e s i n c l u d e : r o d s , b e a d s , d i s c s , w a s h e r s , a n d f l a k e s
  • 7. Thermistors O v e r v i e w  S i n c e t h e r m i s t o r s h a v e s u c h h i g h r e s i s t a n c e r a n g e s t h e y a r e t w o w i r e d e v i c e s a s l e a d w i r e r e s i s t a n c e h a s a l i t t l e o r n o e f f e c t  T h e r m i s t o r s a r e w i r e d d i r e c t l y t o t h e m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t o r t h e y c a n b e e x t e n d e d w i t h i n s u l a t e d e l e c t r i c a l c o p p e r w i r e  S e n s o r w i r e s s h o u l d n e v e r b e r u n i n c o n d u i t w i t h p o w e r s o u r c e s o r t h e r e c o u l d b e n o i s e p r o b l e m s