Volcanoes are landforms that can be dormant, active, or extinct. When active, volcanoes erupt lava, ash, and rocks. The Ring of Fire region contains many active and dormant volcanoes. There are different types of volcanoes such as shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes which are distinguished by their shapes and compositions.

2. Volcanoes are landforms on a
planet that are either dormant,
active or simply dead. When
an active volcano erupts, lava,
ash and rocks can be
released. The Ring of Fire is
filled with volcanoes both
active and dormant.
Picture: http://www.worldvolcanoes.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/volcano-krakatoa.jpg
Info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
BC Science 7 Textbook
Krakatoa Erupting

3. When a volcano erupts, lava,
ash and rocks can spew out of
it. Volcanoes erupt because of
a lot of reasons. One reason
is because a plug has formed
and pressure builds up. This
usually leads to a very
explosive eruption.
Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptionsBC Science 7 Textbook

4. A dormant volcano is a
volcano that doesn’t seem to
show any volcanic activity. It is
in between being active and
being dead. A dead volcano
shows very similar effects
except they will never become
active and erupt ever again.
There was a volcano in Alaska
that seemed to dead but
erupted after 1500 years of
being dormant.
Picture: http://imagecache6.allposters.com/LRG//20/2098/J6R2D00Z.jpg
Info :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano#DormantBC Science 7 Textbook
A Dormant Volcano

5. A vent is the place where the
volcano spits out lava, ash
and rocks spew out. It’s
usually on top of the volcano
in the centre of a crater.
Picture: http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/dt268/images/fountain.jpg
Info: http://www.enotes.com/volcanic-vent-reference/volcanic-ventBC Science 7 Textbook

6. There are different types of
volcanoes based on their
shape and what they’re made
of. There are Cinder Cone
volcanoes, Shield Volcanoes
and Composite Volcanoes.
Info: http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes/types.php
Picture: URL On Individual Slides
BC Science 7 Textbook
Shield Volcano
Composite Volcano Cinder Cone
Volcano

7. Cinder cone volcanoes are
cone shaped and it’s built
from hardened magma. This
type volcano isn’t known for
it’s eruption because it doesn’t
usually kill anyone.
Picture: http://www.kilaueaadventure.com/images/Kilauea-Puu_Oo-volcano-eruption-2.jpg
Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinder_coneBC Science 7 Textbook

8. Shield volcanoes are built
from hardened lava flows.
These volcanoes are named
Shield Volcanoes because
they are shaped like shields.
Picture: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Belknap/Images/Belknap84_belknap_shield_volcano_10-01-
Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_volcanoesBC Science 7 Textbook

9. Hot spots are volcanic regions
thought to be fed by mantle
that is strangely hot compared
to the mantle in other places.
Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)BC Science 7 Textbook
Picture: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/volcanoes/hotspot2_full.GIF

10. Composite volcanoes are, like
it’s name suggests, built of
more than one material. They
are formed by layers of lava
and bits of rock. Composite
volcanoes often end up
exceeding over 2500m in
height. Between eruptions,
these giants are often so
quiet, they seem extinct.
Picture: http://wapi.isu.edu/envgeo/EG6_volcano/images/shasta.jpg
Info: http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes/types.composite.phpBC Science 7 Textbook

11. The Ring of Fire is an area in
the pacific where volcanic and
seismic activity is common.
It’s because the Pacific plate
is colliding with the other
surrounding plates.
Picture: http://www.disaster-survival-resources.com/image-files/pacific-rim-ring-of-fire-map.gif
Info: http://geography.about.com/cs/earthquakes/a/ringoffire.htmBC Science 7 Textbook

12. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE MAP

13. Volcanoes effect people in a lot of ways.
When a volcano erupts, ash is spewed out
which can make it hard to breathe. Another
thing that volcanoes spit out is lava. Lava
is dangerous too but it’s slow and you
could probably outrun it. The biggest
problem of all is pyroclastic flow. It’s hot
gas that’s extremely hot. To add to that, it’s
really fast so running away isn’t an option.
There are some good stuff too like fun hike
if the volcano is dormant or dead and the
ash is good for helping plants grow
Picture: http://www.neatorama.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/cataniaeruption-690255-ga.jpg
Info: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/how-do-volcanoes-affect-peopleBC Science 7 Textbook
A volcano erupting near a city

14. The word intrusive means
inside so Intrusive Volcanic
Features are features inside
the volcano. There are
Volcanic Necks, Sills and
Dikes.
Info: http://www.maroon.com/bigbend/ig/index.html
Picture: http://marlimillerphoto.com/images/Ig-25.jpg
BC Science 7 Textbook

15. A volcanic neck is a land form
that is created magma
hardens in a vent on an active
volcano. When forming, the
neck can cause a huge build-
up of pressure and in the end,
lead to a very explosive
eruption.
Info: http://www.maroon.com/bigbend/ig/index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_plug
Picture: http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/02/bb/858752bb374869472eab0a97abc6_grande.jpg BC Science 7 Textbook

16. A volcanic sill is a sheet of
magma which is parallel to the
nearby rocks. They store
magma unlike dikes which
transport magma.
Info: http://www.maroon.com/bigbend/ig/index.htmlhttp://www.volcanolive.com/sill.html
Picture: http://marlimillerphoto.com/images/Ig-25.jpg
BC Science 7 Textbook

17. A dike is a sheet that stores
magma. The thickness of
dikes can range from a few
cm to 1km. A single dike by
itself could be over 10km in
length.
Info: http://www.maroon.com/bigbend/ig/index.html
Picture: http://www.decadevolcano.net/photos/santorini/features/santorini_20823.jpg
http://www.decadevolcano.net/photos/keywords/dikes.h
tm BC Science 7

18. There are lots of different
types of energy from inside
the Earth. Geothermal energy
is energy from inside the
earth.
Info: http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/alternative_energy/geothermal/geothermal_energy_basics.htm
Picture:http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/alternative_energy/geothermal/geoplant1.gifBC Science 7

19. The word geothermal comes
from 2 Greek words: ‘geo’
meaning inside, and ‘therme’
meaning hot. Geothermal is
energy from inside the Earth.
Scientists usually retrieve this
energy near hot places such
as volcanoes and hot springs.
This form of energy is better
for the environment than
others like fossil fuels.
Picture: http://www.poweredbymothernature.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/geothermal_power_plant.jpg
Info: http://iceland.ednet.ns.ca/schedule.htmBC Science 7 Textbook
Geothermal power plant

20. Relative age is the age of a
rock compared to the other
minerals that surround it.
Info: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/McKinney.html
Picture: http://hkss.cedd.gov.hk/hkss/eng/education/gs/hkg/chapter3/figure2.jpg
BC Science 7
Textbook

21. This principle shows that
every layer on the Earth has a
special age. The layer above
another layer is younger than
the one below. This can help
determine the age of the
rocks.
Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_superposition
BC Science 7
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/lines/IIIAchronology.shtml
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/lines/images/strat_column.gif

22. The Absolute age is the
almost exact age of a rock or
layer. Determining the
absolute age includes having
to go deep into the structure
of the rock or layer. There is a
special material inside rocks
that eventually disappears
over time. Scientists calculate
how much of the material has
disappeared to figure out the
absolute age.
Info: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Absolute-Age.topicArticleId-9605,articleId-9590.html

23. The Geological Time Scale is
a line of chronological events
that are theorized to have
happened. They are split into
Eras to organise the time lines
even more.
Picture: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Geological_time_spiral.png
Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scaleBC Science 7 Textbook

24. Eras are events that have
happened in the world. They
are split up by major events
such as the Dinosaurs
extinction and the start of the
rein of mammals.
Picture: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/72/Geological_Time_Scale.png
Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scaleBC Science 7 Textbook