م.75-مبادرة#تواصل_تطوير-أ.د.عبدالحكيم حسبو-التوجهات العالميه في استخدام الطاقة الشمسية وآفاق استخدامها في الوطن العربي

‫الشمسية‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫في‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫التوجهات‬
‫العربية‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫في‬ ‫استخدمها‬ ‫وأفاق‬
‫ا‬.‫د‬.‫م‬.‫حسبو‬ ‫عبدالحكيم‬
‫المياه‬ ‫وتحلية‬ ‫الشمسية‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫في‬ ‫خبير‬
‫المتجددة‬ ‫الطاقات‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫لبرامج‬ ‫األكاديمي‬ ‫المدير‬
‫بسويسرا‬ ‫المؤسسية‬ ‫كامبردج‬ ‫جامعة‬
28/10/2020
Cambridge Corporate University

Contents
1. Energy transition worldwide
2. Global status and trends in solar energy systems
➢ Solar PV Systems
➢ Solar Thermal
3. Limitations in Applying Contemporary Solar Technologies
4. Innovative Solutions – Advanced Solar Hybrid PV-Thermal (PV-T)
➢ Solar Power
➢ Solar Desalination
➢ Enhanced Oil Recovery
➢ Solar cooling & heating
➢ Solar food production
5. Concluding Remarks
© 2020- Copyrighted & IP Materials, Abdelhakim Hassabou

Renewable Energy Options
Hydro power
Marien currents
Wave
Wind
Photovoltaic
Solar thermal
Biomasse
Osmosis
Geothermal
Biogas
Gravity

Energy Mix and Share of Renewables in Primary Energy Consumption
➢ Share of Renewables is still very small
➢ Energy demand decreased by 5% due to COVID19, almost 7 times the declination effects of 2008 economic crisis
➢ Carbon emissions decreased due to COVID19
➢ Economic recovery from COVID19 will be based on renewable energy & energy efficiency (EU “European Green Deal
“, IEA, IRENA)
➢ 4th industrial revolution requires massive energy transition

Global Energy Mix & Transformation Towards Renewable Energy
➢ The energy sector is in a state of transition due to serious consequences of climatic change and global consensus on
reduction of GHG emissions.
➢ In Paris COP21, 195 countries agreed to limit the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-
industrial levels and to aim for 1.5 °C.
➢ Fundamental shift in energy-related environmental issues - policy considerations increasingly driven by concerns about
environmental sustainability, economic competitiveness, energy security, air pollution and climate change.
➢ Europe & UK made a decision to reach carbon neutralization by 2050 (1.8 Trillion Euro investments for short term)
➢ Many other countries world including China, India, and even oil countries announced ambitious solid plants for
accelerated deployment of renewables on large scales
➢ For transformation and tackling climate change, renewable energies are no longer considered as back-up secondary
Source: REN21: RENEWABLES
2018 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
Petroleum
Coal
Natural gas

Global Trends in Deployment of Renewable Energy
▪ The rising deployment of renewable energy increases the scale and competiveness of the markets for RE technologies
▪ Every doubling in cumulative capacity costs can come down by 18% to 20% for solar PV modules and 12% for wind.
▪ Renewable Energy technology equipment costs are falling and the technologies themselves are becoming more efficient.
▪ The combination of these two factors is leading to declines sometimes rapid ones in the cost of energy from renewables
▪ To date this transformation is most visible in the power Generation sector where dramatic cost reductions for solar PV and
to a lesser extent for wind power are driving high levels of investment in renewables.
Source: REN21: RENEWABLES 2018 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

Source: IRENA 2020 “Energy transitions in the EU and the GCC Challenges and opportunities”
Energy transition worldwide and Impact on Socio-economic
Challenges of energy sector:
➢ Over 1 billion people do not
have access to electricity
➢ Over 3 billion people rely on
solid fuels and kerosene for
cooking and heating
➢ Grid based systems face
economic and governance
barriers
➢ Vast majority (80%) of those
gaining access to electricity
worldwide are in urban areas

Source: IRENA 2020 “Energy transitions in the EU and the GCC Challenges and opportunities”
Energy transition worldwide and Projections for 2050
In the Arab region – 40GW KSA, 10GW Algeria, 30% Renewables in Morocco by 2030, UAE, Egypt,
..etc.

Important Considerations & Trends
➢Reshaping the future by decarburization of the
energy sector for present and next generations
➢Solar is the next king of electricity
➢Energy storage is extremely important
➢Natural gas will play a great role in
decarburization during transformation
➢Decarburization of public transportation, electric
cars + solar + hydrogen
➢Hydrogen will play a game changing role,
especially green hydrogen (Airbus is developing 3
models of engines working on hydrogen)
➢Ammonia is the future fuel for Marin transport
➢Sectors Coupling
➢New technologies in the heart of transformation
➢Energy Efficiency is a job creation machine for
small & medium enterprises
Source: EUGCC Network
➢ Resilience of Energy Systems
➢ Cyber security
➢ Extreme climatic events &
natural disasters

Examples of Sectors Coupling (Power-to-X Technologies)
Cooling & Heating

Example of Power to Water: Sustainable Route Water Supply
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Year
FreshwaterDeficit[billionm³/y]
Bahrain
Yemen
UAE
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
Kuwait
Oman
Iran
Iraq
Syria
Lebanon
Jordan
Israel
Palestine
Egypt
Libya
Tunisia
Algeria
Morocco

High temperature CSP for
heat and electrical power Photovoltaic (PV) Electrical power
Low temperature thermal
Collectors (FPC, CPC,ETC)
Electricity (day time only)
Heat
Heat
Solar Energy Systems
Electricity (24/7)
Cooling
Water Desalination

Global Growth of PV Installations
Source: Eicke Weber , ISES, EuroSun 2018

Total Final Energy Consumption by Sector and Share of Renewables
Source: REN21: RENEWABLES
2018 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
➢ Energy for heating and cooling accounts for nearly half of global total final energy consumption.
➢ This is split roughly equally between heat for industrial processes and heat for use in buildings
➢ Increasing contribution of solar thermal can significantly save primary fuel and carbon emissions globally
❖ Solar thermal energy yields
amounted 388 TWh in 2017
❖ 134.7 million tons of CO2 avoided
❖ 41.7 million tons of oil

Source: Daniel Mugnier (TECSOL),
IEA-SHC TCP Chairman, EuroSun 2018
Solar Thermal Energy & CO2 Saving in Buildings

Solar Thermal & Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
❑ Global Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Market is expected to reach USD 283 billion by 2020
❑ More than 60% of the market USD 170 billion exists in the MENA
❑ MENA enjoys favorable insolation, making solar EOR very promising in the region
❑ With the exception of Qatar, oil countries are short of natural gas
❑ Oman currently uses a significant amount of its natural gas for EOR
❑ Full-scale deployment of solar EOR in Oman, in which solar steam accounts for 80% of Oman’s thermal EOR needs,
could save up to half a billion cubic feet (bcf) of gas per day and contribute more than $12B in Omani GDP by 2023.
[Ernst & Young 2014]
Source: GlassPoint Solar Inc.

Challenges in Applying
Contemporary Solar Technologies &
Highlight On Innovative Solutions

Concentrating Solar Power: CSP

Oil
N. Gas
Coal
Uran.
Biomasse
Waste
How CSP electric power plants work

Sun

Functions of Thermal Energy Storage
Source: SolarReserves

Functions of Thermal Energy Storage
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00
Time (hh:mm)
SolarOutput(%MaximumOutput)
CSP
PV

Molten salt storage
Molten salt storage tanks at ANDASOL 1 with 1010 MWh storage
capacity during construction in December 2007 (ACS Cobra)
Pros & Cons of CSP
❑ High capital costs 4-6 times cost
of PV
❑ Complexity and necessity for
highly skilled labor
❑ Dependency on direct radiation,
needs tracking, evacuated tubes,
and loss of diffuse radiation part
❑ High costs of engineering , which
makes it economically viable only
for large scale plants minimum
30-50 MW
❑ Large land footprint per installed
capacity
Advantages
➢ High capacity Factor (80% and higher)
➢ Power dispatch on demand
➢ Grid stability
➢ Lower cost of energy storage

Challenges of PV Operation in Hot Climates
➢ Efficiency of PV cells drops significantly at high temperatures,
➢ At best, 50% of incident solar energy is converted into heat, while
~ 14-22% is converted into electricity
➢ Soiling decreases PV power
➢ Both thermal stresses due to high temperature and water ingress
represent the major causes for accelerated degradation and
shortening life span of PV modules
PV Modules in cold climatesPV Modules in dusty regions & deserts
SolarPro Magazine

Thermal Energy Storage Versus E-Storage Options
CSP with
Molten Salt
100+ 8+ n/a
(generator)
365+
(dispatch choice)
$15
(incremental)
Commercial

Cooling of PV Panels with Water
Affolter et al. 2006. PVT Roadmap 2006. A European guide for the
development and market introduction of PV-Thermal technology.
PV-T-Water Cooled PV-T-Air Cooled
Bambrook2011. Thesis: Investigation of photovoltaic / thermal air
systems to create a zero energy house in Sydney
➢ Cooling water is used to decrease the temperature of PV
Modules while warming the water; called hybrid PV-Thermal
(PV-T) collectors.
➢ Thermal energy extracted by cooling water can be utilized for
some applications, e.g. pool heating, domestic hot water
➢ Hybrid PV-T increases the overall conversion efficiency from ~
20% (PV alone) to ~ 80% (~20% PV + ~60% Thermal Efficiency)
➢ Higher temperature results in low thermal and electrical
efficiency, which represents one of the main limitations of PV-T
There is a trade off between overall efficiency
and outlet temperature of the cooling fluid

Advanced Patented Hybrid Solar PV-T Collector (Hassabou Collector)
▪ Delivers high quality thermal energy at T > 120 °C
▪ High efficiency and long life of PV Modules
▪ Highest energy harvesting efficiency > 90%
▪ Serves wide range of small & large scale applications:
▪ Automated cleaning with water recycling > 80%
▪ Increase PV efficiency & life time from 20 to > 30 years
Hassabou Collector
✓ Can be integrated with CSP & Natural Gas driven Power Plants
✓ Reduces size and cost of CSP by 40-50%
✓ Simple, uses hot water storage instead of molten salt or batteries
✓ 24/7 Operation
✓ No batteries
✓ No tracking
✓ No evacuation
✓ No molten salt
✓ Eliminating all hurdles of CSP and PV and
Advantage for Power Generation

Sample of Outdoor Test Results in Germany in Autumn 2018 and
Winter 2019
The results of the pre-
commissioning tests in
Bremen, Germany, proved
the outstanding performance
even under unfavorable
weather conditions in
Autumn 2108 and Winter
2019 for six weeks of
continuous testing under
such weather conditions in
Germany.
The overall efficiency is 97%,
while the outlet temperature
was more than 100C. This is
compared to maximum/rated
efficiency of 17.54% for the
conventional PV alone.

Applications of PV-T in Power Generation - Coupling with CSP & SCPP
✓ 24/7 Operation
✓ Save 70% CSP Cost & Land footprint
✓ Save 70% Fuel Cost & GHG emissions
✓ No batteries
✓ No molten salt (hot water storage)
PV Electricity
Heat 130 °C
Concept of Coupling PV-T with CSP & SCPP

Current state-of-the-art and shortcomings
GlassPoint world’s largest Solar Steam Generation in Oman
GlassPoint PTC
Collector
© 2020 - Copyrighted & IP Materials, Abdelhakim Hassabou
Hassabou Collector

Thermal
Desalination Concepts and Energy Requirements
Membrane
Thermal desalination plant
(MSF/MED)
Reverse osmosis desalination plant (RO)
Driven by fuel Driven by electricity
❑ One solar system delivers Power, Cooling & Water
Desalination
❑ Can be applied in Airports & Football Stadia, Touristic
Resorts
❑ Can be used for sustainable food production in hot arid
countries
Sustainable Food Production
Driven by electricity
Applications of PV-T in Solar Desalination & Food Production

❑Out of 1500 ton/day waste, 1300
ton/day organic portion can be
converted into clean diesel oil &
clean gas,
❑With 50% efficiency combined cycle
power plant, 80 MW power ± 15%
can be produced.
❑The total capital investment is ~ 400
Million US$ (not including loan cost)
❑ When combined with solar power plants
using the innovative SOLAR & WASTE TO
ENERGY (S&W2E) TECHNOLOGY, 260 MW
power can be produced
❑ The total capital investment is 700 Million
US$
❑ The capital investment has increased 75%
but the energy yield is 325% or 3.25 times
© 2020 - Copyrighted & IP Materials, Abdelhakim Hassabou
Integration with Municipal Solid Waste (S&W2E) 1500 t/day Waste

CONCLUSIONS
➢ The energy sector is in a state of transition due to serious consequences of climatic
change and global warming.
➢ Renewable energy, especially solar PV & Thermal technologies is the base for the
transformation of the global energy system.
➢ Energy storage is critical and cost needs to be reduced
➢ Hydrogen and sectors coupling through power-to-x may play a game changing role
➢ Energy efficiency is gaining considerable attention and is an essential part of energy
transformation
➢ Hybrid PV-T is gaining more interest and is considered in the emergent phase with high
potential market and wide range of applications.
➢ Through intensive R & D worldwide, unique pivotal technologies are being developed
addressing major sustainability challenges and creating new business opportunities
Please do not miss the opportunity

م.75-مبادرة#تواصل_تطوير-أ.د.عبدالحكيم حسبو-التوجهات العالميه في استخدام الطاقة الشمسية وآفاق استخدامها في الوطن العربي

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (19)

Similaire à م.75-مبادرة#تواصل_تطوير-أ.د.عبدالحكيم حسبو-التوجهات العالميه في استخدام الطاقة الشمسية وآفاق استخدامها في الوطن العربي

Similaire à م.75-مبادرة#تواصل_تطوير-أ.د.عبدالحكيم حسبو-التوجهات العالميه في استخدام الطاقة الشمسية وآفاق استخدامها في الوطن العربي (20)

Plus de Egyptian Engineers Association

Plus de Egyptian Engineers Association (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

م.75-مبادرة#تواصل_تطوير-أ.د.عبدالحكيم حسبو-التوجهات العالميه في استخدام الطاقة الشمسية وآفاق استخدامها في الوطن العربي