2. Marshmallow Challenge

3. Instructions
1. Build the Tallest Freestanding Structure
2. The Entire Marshmallow Must be on Top
3. Use as Much or as Little of the Materials
4. Break up the Spaghetti, String or Tape
5. The Challenge Lasts 18 minutes
6. NO holding the structure when the time runs out

5. Who is the greatest leader
of all time?

6. Mandela, Mother
Teresa, Bill Gates,
JFK

7. ALA Believes…
• Leadership can be learned
• No one is born a leader, though people may be
gifted with some traits that lend themselves to
leadership
• Leadership traits can be practiced and honed
• There are different types of leadership, called
“leadership paradigms”
• Different leadership paradigms are useful at
different times
• “Good leadership”=Effective leadership+Ethics
Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013

8. What is a
Leadership Paradigm?
Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013

9. paradigm |ˈparəˌdīm|
Noun
A typical example or pattern of something; a model : there is a new
paradigm for public art in this country.
Also, a worldview underlying the theories and methodology of a
particular subject : the discovery of universal gravitation became the
paradigm of successful science.
Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013

10. Simply, a Leadership Paradigm is a way of
thinking of leadership and how leaders are
ascribed/given authority.
Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013

11. What are examples of
Leadership Paradigms?
Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013

12. Leadership Paradigms
A few examples:
Hierarchical Leadership – By virtue of position in a hierarchy
Technical Leadership – By virtue of technical abilities
Heroic Leadership – By virtue of accomplishments
Servant Leadership – By follower service and deference
Situational Leadership – By virtue of the moment/situation
Autocratic Leadership – By imposing decisions/power as an autocrat
Paternalistic Leadership – Leading as a parent, with followers treated
as children
Democratic Leadership – Leading by treating others as equal
Level 5 Leadership – Builds enduring greatness through personal
humility and professional will
Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013

13. Leadership Paradigms
Paradigm
Hierarchical
Strengths
Weaknesses
Authority is more given
Clear authority; Ability to than earned; vulnerable
move quickly
to power struggles
Not knowledgeable;
Heroic act – license to
relax?
Examples
Mugabe, military
leaders, many
CEOs
Che Guevara,
George
Washington
Heroic
Inspirational, Catalytic
Technical
Effective knowledge base; Weak in any area without Mr. Penn,
knowledge; could be
Consultants,
less likely to make
difficult to challenge
Accountants
mistakes
Servant
Puts followers first and
self last; looks out for
those at the bottom
Weak? Slow-moving
Democratic
Gives everybody a voice
and say in decision
making
Decision making process
Obama, Mbeki
is slow
Jesus, Mandela,
Mahatma Gandhi,
MLK

14. Mandela, Mother
Teresa, Bill Gates,
JFK

15. Homework:
1. Reading: Covey, Principles of Personal
Vision & Mindmap (due tomorrow)
2. Journaling (20 mins suggested)
• What leadership paradigm did you
use in the Marshmallow Challenge?
• What leadership paradigm do you
usually use?
• What do you hope to learn about
leadership at ALA?

16. Mind-mapping