Presentation given by Mr Martin Diskin at the 2015 Clean Air Conference, 28/09/15, Dublin

1. SmarterTravelandCleanAirBenefits
Clean Air Conference
28 September 2015

2. Sustainable Transport
MartinDiskin,PrincipalOfficer
•Smarter Travel Initiative
•Climate and Energy Policy for
Transport
•Freight Policy
•All underpinned by Smarter Travel
Policy http://www.dttas.ie/public-
transport/publications/english/smarter-travel-ptst-future-new-
transport-policy-ireland-2009

3. Smarter Travel
• Policy, published in 2009, provides overarching framework for
sustainable transport to 2020 - 49 Actions
• 5 Key Goals
• Reduce overall travel demand
• Maximise efficiency of the transport network
• Reduce reliance on fossil fuels
• Reduce transport emissions
• Improve accessibility to transport
Good progress made but more to do. Review of policy underway.

4. Transport Pollutants – Overview
Emissions from transport represent a significant air quality threat -
impacts on Health, Climate and Environment
• NOx are nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) -
Emitted during fuel combustion – Transport sector most significant
contributor e.g. mainly from diesel cars.
• Non methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) – Some from
road transport
• Carbon monoxide (CO) – Transport is a significant source of CO
• Sulphur dioxide (SO2) - SO2 is mainly emitted through the
combustion of fuels containing sulphur – Maritime transport
• Particulate matter (PM) - PM is emitted directly or forms from
emissions of SO2, NOx, NH3 and NMVOCs – Transport is a significant
source of PMs.
• EEA data indicate a decrease in emissions of most pollutants
between 2003 and 2012.
• Of all sectors, the transport sector achieved the highest
reductions in CO (61%), NMVOC (63%) and NOx (34%).

5. Transport and Climate
GHG Emissions Profile
(1st Increase in Transport in 5yrs)
Two Pillar Approach
(ETS and Non-ETS)
Non-ETS
73%
ETS
27%
Agriculture
and
Transport
accounts
for 70.5%
of Non-ETS
Energy
19.6%
Industry
15.4%
Transport
19.1%
Residential
11.1%
Agriculture
32.3%
Waste 2.5 %
2013

6. Transport Policy – Influencing Factors
ClimateChange-LevelofAmbition–EUandIreland
(Comparedto1990levels–unlessotherwisestated)
By 2020/2030
2009 Effort Sharing Decision -
20% GHG emissions
reduction for Ireland in non
ETS (relative to 2005 levels)
GHG Emissions - carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous
oxide, and fluorinated gases
October 2014, European
Council endorsed binding EU
target of at least 40%
reduction in GHG emission by
2030
By 2050
 National policy - Aggregate
reduction in CO2 emissions of at
least 80% in electricity
generation, built environment
and transport sectors
 In parallel, carbon neutrality in
agriculture and land-use sector,
including forestry
 Focus is on carbon reduction
 2011 EU White Paper on
Transport - 60% CO2 reduction in
this sector by 2050
 Ultimate Goal – Decarbonisation

7. Policy and Legislation
• EU and Ireland – Low carbon strategy
• Smarter Travel Policy – Reducing travel demand,
encouraging modal shift, improving efficiency of network
• Legislation related to pollutants from transport sector:
• Euro 5 and Euro 6 Regulation
• Directive on clean and energy-efficient vehicles
• Directive on volatile organic compounds from petrol
• Directive on the sulphur content of certain fuels
• Directive on alternative fuels infrastructure for
transport

8. Measures Impacting on Clean Air
• Key measures are:
• Reducing congestion and supporting modal shift - investment in
public transport, walking and cycling
• Vehicle standards and fuel efficiency - motor tax and VRT
• Demand management
• Energy efficiency
• Alternative Fuels including Biofuels
• Existing Taxation/Fiscal Measures – NG Excise Duty/Accelerated
Capital Allowances/EV Grant
• Policy Measures – Supporting switch to natural gas and EVs
• Infrastructure – Good network or recharging points for EVs, new CNG
refuelling stations under construction

9. Our Plans –
Incorporatingnewandexistingmeasures
• National Mitigation Plan – Transport Contribution
• Early Stakeholder Engagement 2014, Information Exchange 2015
• Developing measures that will contribute to cost effective carbon
emissions reductions in Transport
• Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Bill
• National Policy Framework on the Development of
Alternative Fuels Infrastructure for Transport in Ireland
• Directive 2014/94/EU
• Significant Implications for Air Quality
• Transposition date 18 November 2016
• Initial Consultation - September to November 2015
• SEA and AA

10. Alternative Fuels Directive and
Policy Framework
• Establish targets for the build-up and coverage of
alternative fuels infrastructure for transport.
• Purpose – To provide certainty to the market, to facilitate
reduction in oil dependency, to reduce emissions
• Alternative Fuel Options - electricity, hydrogen, and natural
gas, in the forms of biogas, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied
natural gas (LNG), or gas-to-liquid (GTL), and liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG)
• Electricity is considered a reasonable choice for private car fleet –
zero emissions, renewable electricity
• Natural gas could provide good interim solution for larger vehicles
i.e. large buses and HGVs.
• CNG offers natural pathway to renewables such as biomethane

11. WhatcanDTTASdo to support CleanAirStrategy
• Keep clean air principles at the heart of transport policy
• Continue cross sectoral engagement
• Ensure carbon reduction measures do not have air
quality implications
• Remain open to ideas

12. Your thoughts on…..
• Car fleet – Reduced Carbon Vs Diesalisation
• Alternative fuels – how best to support the ‘best’ fuels?
• Dublin – Congestion charge Vs low emissions zone?
• How far can we tax consumers?
• What do you think would be the most cost effective clean air
solutions for transport?
What do you think?

13. Always open to ideasand questions…..
Contact
Martin Diskin
Sustainable Transport Division
Department of Transport, Tourism
and Sport
Leeson Lane
Dublin 2
martindiskin@dttas.ie or
sustainabletransport@dttas.ie
01-6043411