This document summarizes key points from a lecture on physical development in children: 1. Physical development is influenced by biological factors like heredity and age as well as social factors like nutrition, education and living standards. 2. Prenatal factors like pregnancy number, diseases, drugs and malnutrition can impact length and weight changes. Standard formulas are used to assess fetal size by gestational age. 3. After birth, average weight gain, height increases and head/chest measurements are calculated by age to assess healthy development. Deviations outside set percentiles may indicate issues. 4. Throughout childhood, physical parameters are compared to age/sex standards using tables to evaluate proportional growth and identify potential developmental delays or

1. Subject of the lecture
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF
ASSESSMENT PHISYCAL DEVELOPMENT.
THE KEY HYPOTHESES AND MECHANISMS
OF ACCELERATION.
SEMIOTICS VIOLATIONS OF PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN.

2. Physical development of children - a process of
change in morphological and functional
properties of the organism and their status in
different age periods, determining stock of
physical strength, endurance and performance

4. The physical development of a person is caused
by:
1) biological factors (heredity, gender, age, etc.)
2) social factors (material and cultural living
standards, use and distribution of wealth,
food, education, life, etc.).

5. Sponsored
Medical Lecture Notes – All Subjects
USMLE Exam (America) – Practice

6. Factors prenatal period that affect the change
in length and weight
■ 1 Serial number of pregnancy
■ 2 Various obstetrical pathology
■ 3 drugs that are taken pregnant
■ 4 Diseases pregnant
■ 5 Genetic Factors
■ 6 Qualitative and quantitative malnutrition
■ 7 Violation of care
■ 8 Acute and chronic diseases of the child

7. Scheme regulation of growth (For Fanconi)
■ 1 The structural material
■ 2 neurohumoral regulation
■ 3 metabolism
■ 4 End of organs and tissues that grow.

8. ■ Homeorezes - maintaining stability in
systems of developing the capacity for
compensatory growth after exposure
of stressors

9. ■ FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD
■ - Factors of prenatal origin (gestosis,
prematurity, multiple, etc.);
■ - The quantity and quality of food: starvation,
poor feeding;
■ - Acute and chronic diseases;

10. ■ - Endocrine diseases;
■ - Central nervous system lesions;
■ - Biological factors;
■ congenital and hereditary diseases; defects;
■ - Socio-economic, domestic.

11. CONCEPT OF
acceleration
From the English acceleration

12. The main manifestations in infants
■ More intense gain in weight and growth during
the first year
■ Earlier overgrowth of the large top of the head
■ An earlier eruption of primary teeth
■ The increase in weight and body length of
newborn

13. Manifestations of acceleration in young
children

14. Acceleration in children aged 3 to 6 - 7 years
A more pronounced increase of growth and
weight
■ An earlier appearance of ossification nuclei
■ Earlier replacement of primary teeth to
permanent

15. Acceleration at school age
■ A more pronounced increase of growth, body
length and body weight
■ Acceleration of puberty
■ The emergence of dissonance between early
sexual and emotional maturation and lack of
mental development and social immaturity

16. Acceleration at school age

17. Hypotheses acceleration
■ 1 Physical and chemical theory:
Radiowave, magnetic
■ The influence of cosmic radiation
■ Increasing carbon dioxide (increase production)
■ Theories of individual factors of living
conditions:
■ Alimentary
■ Enhanced information flow

18. Hypotheses acceleration
■ Genetic theory:
■ Cyclic biological changes
■ heterosis
■ Theories of complex factors of living conditions
■ Urban impacts
■ The effects of complex social and biological factors

19. Standard "dental age"? (Total number of teeth)
Age,
years
Girls Boys
6 7 8
7 9 9
8 11 11
9 14 13
10 19 17

20. Assessing the physical development of the
fetus:
■ Assessment of fetal body length according
to gestational age (empirical formula Haase):
■ in the first 5 months - L = n2;
■ after 5 months - L = n x 5, where n - the
number of months of pregnancy, and L -
length of the body of the fetus.

21. The maximum weight gain of the fetus is in
the 34th week of pregnancy.
■ Between the 36th and 40th weeks of
pregnancy, the intensity of weight gain
slows.

22. Approximate calculations:
weight of the fetus at 30 weeks of pregnancy
is 1,300 g .; are every week need to add 200
g, and for each previous week subtract 100 g
This calculation can be used between the
25th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy.

23. Perimeter of the head:
■ 34 weeks fetal head perimeter is 32
cm, for each preceding month
subtract 1 cm, and the next one -
add 0.5 cm.

24. ■ FEATURES physical development of the
newborn:
■ - Birth weight 3200-3500 g;
■ - Body length - 48-52 cm;
■ - circumference of head - 34-36 cm;
■ - circumference of the chest - 32-33 cm;
■ - Physiological weight loss of 5-8%.

25. Calculation of key indicators
of healthy physical
development of children
under one year

26. Body weight:
The gain for the 1st month 600 g;
for 2 months 800 g;
3-month and 800 g;
in each month
50 grams less than the previous

27. Height:
for the first quarter. - 3 cm per month
(Quarterly 9 cm);
In the second quarter. - 2.5 cm per month
(quarterly 7.5 cm);
in the third quarter. - 1.5 cm per month
(quarterly 4.5 cm);
for the IV quarter. - 1,0 cm per month
(Quarterly 3 cm).

28. Perimeter of the head:
1 monthly increases of 1.5 cm to 6 months,
after 6 months to 0.5 cm per month;
2 to 6 months = 43-1,5 sight head (6-n);
after 6 months - 43 + 0,5 (n-6),
where n - the age in months.

29. Circumference of the chest:
Monthly increases by 1.3 cm;
Up to 6 months PER = 45-2 (6-n),
after 6 months - 45 + 0,5 (n-6),
where n - the child's age in months.

30. The calculation of basic
parameters of physical
development of children, older
1 year

31. Body weight:
from 2 to 10 years
M = 10 + 2n,
where n - the child's age in years.
Over 10 years:
M = 30 + 4 (n-10),
where n - the child's age in years.

32. Height:
up to 4 years:
L = 100 - 8 (4-n);
over 4 years:
L = 100 + 6 (n-4),
where n - the child's age in years.

33. Perimeter of the head:
1 to 5 years
CO = 50 - 1 (5-n);
after 5 years
CO = 50 + 0,6 (n-5)
where n - the child's age in years.

34. Breast sight:
from 1 to 10 years:
PER = 63 - 1.5 (10-n);
over 10 years:
PER = 63 + 3 (n - 10)
where n - the child's age in years.

35.
Assessment of anthropometric data:
- Average - the parameters within
7% of the average value;
- Above or below average -
within 8-20%
- Low or high - more than 20% of the average
value of the empiric
formula.

36. ANTHROPOMETRIC
INDICES

37. ■ L.I.Chulytskaja fatness index (characterizing the
degree of fatness of the child):
■ 3 contours of the arm (cm) + bypass hip (cm)
+ bypass leg (cm) - Height (cm);
■ Normal: up to a year - 20-25 cm;
■ with malnutrition - less than 20 cm;
■ at parathrofya- more than 25 cm.
■ 2-3 years - 20 cm;
■ 6-7 years - 15-10 cm;
■ 7-8 years - 6 cm.

38. ■ Index Arisman (IE) describes the development
of the child's chest and part of her fatness:
■ IA= chest perimeter (cm) - 1 2
growth
■ Normal: 1st year - 13.5 - 10 cm;
■ 2-3 years - 9 - 6 cm;
■ 6-7 years - 4-2 cm;
■ 7-8 years to 15 years IE = 1.3 cm;
■ Adults - 5-6 cm.

39. Index O.F.Tura:
- Difference between the perimeter of the head
and chest;
Rate from 1 to 7 years breast bypass
exceed the sight head so much cm
how old baby.

40. Index of proportionality L.I.Chulytskaja:
3 contours shoulder = chest circumference =
bypass hip + bypass leg.

41. Physical factor of (Q)
shows the percentage of normal
is the body weight of the child:
actual body weight (kg) Q = ------------ x 100,
proper body weight (kg)

42. the ratio of weight to height (for infants).
Rule 60-64.

43. METHOD anthropometric STANDARDS.
Is the most accurate because individual
anthropometric data of children compared to
age, sex and regional standards anthropometric
tables of two types: parametric (standard
deviation) and nonparametric (percentile) types.

44. • 1 Sihmaid table:
• determining the standard deviation (sigma);
• assessment of physical development is carried
out individually by comparing anthropometric
data with the average child physical development
(standards);
• The difference is divided by sigma in the table;
• get sigma regression;
• ranked on a scale regression in the basis of a
notional growth.

45. Principle syhmaid tables
In the normal distribution of physical development
(height, weight, etc.) in 68.3% of children the values of​​
these parameters are within a square, medium deviation
(X ± 1ð), in 95.5% of children - in the range (X ± 2ð),
at 99.7% - within (X ± 3ð).

46. Comparison of mean values of parameters​​

47. If growth performance, body weight, perimeter
(contour) and anthropometric indices do not
differ from the average and thus weight and
height correspond chest perimeter, the physical
development of the child find harmonious.
If these figures are the difference greater than 1
σ regression - a disharmonious physical
development .

48. centile method.
Principle of the centile tables is that it devide
values of physical development at 100 equivalent​​
intervals, often use 3, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and
90-97- percentile.

49. Percentile table height and body mass

50. Rating:
25-75 th centile - average;
25-10 th, 75-90 th - downward trend
or growth rate;
9-3 th, 91-97 th centile - a clear reduction
or apparent growth rate.

51. ■ In assessing the anthropometric data used the
following criteria:
■ Middle- if deviations are found within:
■ a) empirical formulas x  7%;
■ b) syhmalnymy tables x  1;
■ c) grow-mass values are within the average​​
centile zone from 25 to 75 tsentylya.

52. ■ Above or below average - if deviations are
found within:
■ a) empirical formulas x 8-20%;
■ b) sigmaid tables x -2;
■ c) the area occupied centile intervals,
respectively, from 75 to 90 and from 25 to 10
centile.

53. ■ High or low - if deviations are found within:
■ a) empirical formulas values 20%;​​
■ b) sigmaid tables 2;
■ c) the value of the index falls into the area from
10 to 3 or 90 to 97 centile.

54. ■ Forms of physical abuse:
■ - Malnutrition;
■ - Growth delay;

55. Paratrofi, obesity

56. Acceleration, excessive height

57. EXTENT malnutrition
De
gr
ee
s
defi
cien
cy
weig
ht
defi
cie
ncy
of
gro
wth
Inde
x
fatne
ss
Chul
ytsk
oyi
Index
of
propo
rtiona
lity
Chuly
tskoyi
І 10-
20 %
- 10-15
norma
lly
ІІ 21-
30 %
на
2-4
см
0-10 Propo
rtional
ity
broke
n
ІІІ > на - Propo

58. PARATROFIYA (up to 1 year old):
- Dominated mass of growth;
- Even excess weight and height;
- Normal weight and height of the child.

59. ■ OBESITY (after 1 years of age):
■ I degree 15-25% excess weight;
■ The second degree. - 26-50%;
■ III. - 51-100%;
■ IV. - An excess of over 100%.

60. Thank you!