1. Efficient integration of EVs with wind
power production
Esben Larsen Ali Adel Mahmoud
Assoc. Prof. M. Sc. EE
CET, DTU Electro CET, DTU Electro

2. Content
1. Wind Power and Power Markets in Denmark
3. Storage as a solution
4. EVs as a suitable solution
5. EVs to support WP
6.
6 EVs and WP t
EV d together as R
th Reg.power provider
id
2 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22

3. Danish Energy Policy
Doubling of wind power capacity
50% renewables in the power sector i 2025
3 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22
Workshop on transport

4. 2 Wind Power in Denmark
Increasing in WP penetration
4 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22

5. Bound Production and Consumption
Two days in J
T d i January, 2003
MW © Eltra amba Bound production
4000 Consumption
Primary CHP
3000
Local CHP
2000
1000 Wind power
0
15.01 16.01 17.01
5 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22
5

6. Danish electricity system operation-2007
Electricity consumption and production details
2007 DK West DK East
Electricity 21.6 TWh 14.5 TWh
consumption
Electricity 23.4 TWh 13.7 TWh
production
Local CHP 21.0% 15.3%
wind 23.8%
23 8% 11.8%
11 8%
6 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22
6

7. 7 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22

8. Danish electricity network 2010
network-2010
HVDC
HVDC
HVDC
Denmark-Interconnection to the neighbouring countries
http://energinet.dk/Flash/Forside/index.html
8 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22

9. Electricity Market Structure-Denmark
• Liberalized market and a part of the Nord Pool market
• Commercial Market: The commercial markets are mainly
about establishing an energy balance per hour
– Day ahead (ElSpot) market
– Hour ahead (Elbas) market
• Ancillary services: Purchased by the Transmission System
Operator (TSO) i D
O in Denmark i
k i.e., E
Energinet.dk, f
i dk from
selected central power plants (with must-produce-
contracts), to ensure stable and reliable operation of the
electricity systems
systems.
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10. Day ahead (ElSpot) market
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11. 11 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22

12. ElSpot DK West 2007
1000
800
600
D K K /M W h
400
00
200
0
1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001
Hours
12 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks 2010-09-22

13. ElSpot Market
Duration curves showing hourly prices - 2007
D ti h i h l i
600
500
400 West Daytime
Price DKK/M h
W
West Nighttime
Night time Day time East Daytime
300
East Nighttime
Average daytime
200 Average Night time
100
0
1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001
hours
• A simple time switch:
– The owner can save less than 1 DKK per day for a typical Danish driving
pattern of 40 km per day (4 - 8 kWh).
• Wi d penetration with up t 50% i average:
Wind t ti ith to in
– The periods with extreme prices are expected to increase
– Only a minor increase is seen on the “normal” price level.
• V2G system controlled by a price signal,
y y p g ,
– Energy loss of 15%
– Compensation 0,15-0,200 DKK/kWh.
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14. 2 Wind Power in Denmark
Increasing in WP penetration
Monthly share of wind power in domestic power consumption
70
50% of consumption
from environmentally 60
friendly sources in
Wind Power / Power Consumption (%)
2025
50
40
2006
2025
30
20
10
0
jan feb mar apr maj jun jul aug sep oct nov dec
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15. 2 Wind Power in Denmark
Consequence of increasing WP penetration
Increasing in reserve
requirements
• Fall in WP prices
• Heavy loaded TL which
connected DK with
neighbour countries
• Exporting of expensive
WP with cheap prices
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16. 2 Wind Power in Denmark
Consequence of increasing WP penetration
• Increasing in reserve
requirements
Fall in WP prices
• Heavy loaded TL which
connected DK with
neighbor countries
• Exporting of expensive
WP with cheap prices
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17. 2 Wind Power in Denmark
Consequence of increasing WP penetration
• Increasing in reserve
requirements
• Fall in WP prices
Heavy loaded TL which
connected DK with
neighbor countries
• Exporting of expensive
WP with cheap prices
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18. 2 Wind Power in Denmark
Consequence of increasing WP penetration
• Increasing in reserve 5000,0
neighbour
requirements 4000,0
Ther.P ro
wind
cons.
• Fall in WP prices 3000,0 Re g.
• Heavy loaded TL which 2000,0
MWh/h
connected DK with 1000,0
neighbor countries 0,0
Exporting of expensive -1000,0
WP with cheap prices -2000,0
1 101 201 301 401 501 601 701
Hours
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19. 3 Storage as a solution
Store the surplus WP
production
• Feed the system with
power when required
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20. 3 Storage as a solution
● Store the surplus WP
production
Feed the system with
power when required
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21. 4 EVs as a suitable solution
Types:
PHEV & Pure EV
Share of market:
Gradually change
(10% in 2022)
Radical change
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22. 4 EVs as a suitable solution
Limitations
EV
Composition of the fleet
Availability of the fleet
Number
Time
Capacity
Charging facilites
Grid
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23. 4 EVs as a suitable solution
Energy capacity
Up Reg. > Down Reg.
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24. 4 EVs as a suitable solution
Denmark typically
El-consumption
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25. 4 EVs as a suitable solution
Improving the system
More stabil system
Reduce bottleneck
situations
Better WP prices
Cheap & stabil power
source
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26. 5 EVs to support WP
Reducing Forecast Error
200,000 EV to cover East or West Denmark
Reducing Regulating power purchased by the TSO
WP can provide regulating power
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27. 5 EVs to support WP
Example 1: Horns Rev wind farm
20,000 EV to eliminate both
fluctuation and forecast error
Results
Stabil production
More efficient use of
wind power resources
Ability to provide up &
down Regulating with
competitive prices
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28. 5 EVs to support WP
Example 2: West Denmark Area
200,000 EVs to eliminate forecast error
100,000 EVs ~ 95% at hours 100
80
S et 1
% hours to be covered
60
S et 2
S et 3
40
S et 4
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
N u m b e r o f EV s *1 0 0 0
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29. 6 EVs and WP together as Reg. power provider
Horns Rev & EVs
100,000 EV ~ 100%
of Reg. in West DK
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30. Conclusion
• EV’s will play an interesting role in a future power system caused by the
EV s
battery power storage provided in the power system, i.e.V2G .
• An intelligent architecture is needed for control of charging, G2V and V2G
system services.
• Day ahead Market: Small economical benefits using the car as a flexible
load
• Ancillary services: significant payment can be expected from the TSO. An
intelligent systems for providing ancillary services must be developed.
g y p g y p
• New providers of ancillary services will increase the competition in a
profitably market causing expectations to a decrease in prices.
• Considerably more vehicles are needed to offer down regulation
(charging) compared to up regulation (V2G) because batteries will
(V2G),
normally be higher charged and discharged.
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31. Thank You
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