1. Jaclyn Matz-Elliott
Session 1
2012

2. The study of disease processes specifically to how it
affects bone.
For example: Diseases can cause
lipping, create holes, and make bones
brittle.

3. A calcification or bony hardening of
ligaments in areas where they attach to
your spine. It is a flowing calcification
along the sides of contiguous vertebrae.
It is a type of degenerative arthritis and
leads to limited mobility.

4. The Pathology of DISH:
• Fusion of the vertebrae
that shows as a candle-
wax appearance.
• This fusion also only
appears on the right side
of the vertebral column.

5. • Motion is limited in actions and
movements that require lateral
flexibility.

7. This occurs when the cartilage layer between
bone wears down and leaves the bones to rub
against each other during movement.
There is no known cause for
osteoarthritis, but is commonly called
wear-and-tear arthritis.
The pathology of osteoarthritis shows as:
• Eburnation which creates a polished look
due to the repetitive rubbing of two bones.
• Lipping around the joint surface which is
thought to be a reparative action.

9. • Pain or stiffness in joints due to long periods of
inactivity or excessive use.
• Grating or a “catching” sensation that occurs
during joint movement.
• Depending on where the osteoarthritis occurs
nerve compression can result in weakness in
the limbs.

10. This vertebrae was found at the Cave site
this season, and shows signs of lipping.

11. An airborne disease that affects the lungs of the
individual.
Only severe cases of TB end up making a mark on
the bone, as the individual needs to live with the
disease for a while before the pathology moves to
the bone.
Pathology of TB:
• Makes the vertebral bodies brittle and porous.
• Can make the vertebral bodies break and cause a
condition known as kyphosis.
• Can cause ankylosis, when vertebral bodies fuse.

13. • At first TB does not affect mobility, at least
from the perspective of the bone.
• When TB moves to the vertebral bodies it can
collapse them making the afflicted person
hunch over which is called kyphosis.
• When ankylosis occurs the vertebrae have
collapsed and formed one unit that results in a
bone mass that is immobile.

14. • Arthritis Foundation. 2008. News from the Arthritis Foundation.
http://www.arthritis.org/media/newsroom/media-
kits/Osteoarthritis_fact_sheet.pdf.
• Aufderheide, Arthur and Conrado Rodriguez-Martin. 1998. The
Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Paleopathology. Cambridge, UK.
• Eustice, Carol. 2009. Spine Osteoarthritis-What You Need to Know.
http://osteoarthritis.about.com/od/spinespinalosteoarthritis/a/spine_O
A.htm.
• MedicineNet. 2012. Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis.
http://www.medicinenet.com/diffuse_idiopathic_skeletal_hyperostosis/
article.htm.
• Medscape Reference. 2012. Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258514-overview#a0101.
• NobelPrize. 2009. Robert Koch and Tuberculosis.
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/tuberculosis/readmor
e.html?downloadURL=true&loId=BCCBBF73-1B0D-42EA-B590-
FF3EA8AA5FDF.
• Waldron, Tony. 2008. Paleopathology. Cambridge University Press, UK.