Details of the immense fieldwork required for accurately determining the high tide line (HTL). As clear from the CRZ notification 2011, HTL is an extremely significant parameter for determining the various coastal zones.

1. National Institute of Oceanography,
Dona Paula, Goa,.
Current Status of CRZ
It’s implementation
By
V.P. Mahale, A.K. Chaubey,
G.M. Tirodkar & S.C. Vaz

2. Coast regions in general have become more
economically attractive than in the past, and are
hence exploited to the extent of being overused.
Moreover, the coast line is sensitive and
susceptible to degradation and are vulnerable to
natural hazards. As a consequence, coastal region
have become ecologically endangered. So we
need to adopt means to conserve and protect it.
Global scenario

3. Coastal plains and islands in India

4. Introduction
Ø
India’s coast line runs for 7,500 km
Ø
Over 25% of it’s population resides within its 50 km.
Ø
Rapid development has been observed all along the
Indian Coastline, leading to severe environmental issues.
Ø
Though development is necessary for the economic
growth of the country, care must be taken to avoid any
major damage to the coastal and marine environment.
Ø
Keeping this in mind the first step was taken in 1976 by
introducing Maritime Zone Act.

5. Evolution
Ø
A decade later MoEF promulgated EPA, 1986
Ø
Over 25% of it’s population resides within its 50 km.
Ø
Subsequently to protect and conserve our coastline MoEF
issued Coastal regulation Zone, 1991 under EPA
Ø
Under this the entire coast was classified into 4 zones.
Ø
CRZ, 1991 underwent 25 amendments in 2 decades
Ø
An attempt was made to constitute Coastal Management
Zone under the Prof. Swaminathan Committee, 2004
Ø
A report was submitted 2005

6. Incoporation
Ø
CMZ was declared lapsed 2008
Ø
MoEF recommended re-notefying CRZ 1991
Ø
Multi-lingual draft was published 2010
Ø
Finally published on 6th Jan 2011 as CRZ Notification
2011
Ø
IPZ is introduced to protect Islands

7. Implication of CRZ, 2011
Ø
Special provision for Goa, Mumbai, Kerala and CVCAs
Ø
Clear procedure for approval with time frame
Ø
CRZ extended to include territorial waters
Ø
Preparation of new CZMP, valid up-to 24 months
Ø
Introduction of Hazard line; SoI to map; considering
(tide, waves, sea-level rise, flooding and shoreline)
Ø
Shoreline to be mapped by time series satellite images
Ø
NDZ reduced from 200m to 100m for local communities
Ø
7km radial studies around the project side
●

8. Current Status
Ø
Implementation of the CRZ was initially ignored by many state
governments (Ref)
Ø
Casualties in Indian Ocean Tsunami demonstrated the gross
neglect and was an eye-opener
Ø
Public utility, reclamation, alteration of tidal flow (bunding)
prohibited activities needs to be addressed
Ø
To strengthen implementation post-clearance monitoring
mechanism is introduced
Ø
Inspection of 7km radius around the project site
Ø
CRZ map preparation at 1:4000 scale

9. COASTAL REGULATION ZONE
The Central Government, does hereby,
declare the coastal stretches of the country
and the water area up-to its territorial water
limit, under Coastal Regulation Zone

10. Terminologies in
CRZ
•
HTL High Tide Line (bottom line)
•
LTL Low Tide Line
•
OffsetSet-Back Lines
•
NDZ No Development Zone
SEA

11. High Tide Line
For the purposes of this notification, the High Tide Line
(HTL) means the line on the land up-to which the
highest water line reaches during the spring tide
Low Tide Line
It is the line or level that coincides with the Chart
Datum along the coast.

12. Spatial Limits of CRZ
CRZ shall apply to:
Ø
The land area:
HTL to 500 m in case of sea
HTL to 100 m in case of river
Ø
Intertidal zone:
Between HTL and Low Tide Line
Ø
The water and the bed area between:
LTL to 12 Nm in case of sea
LTL to LTL in case of river

13. Ø
Landward (monsoonal) berm crest in the case of sandy
beaches
Berm
Identification

14. Ø
Rocks, Headlands, Cliffs
Rocks

15. Cliff
Ø
Rocks, Headlands, Cliffs

16. Seawalls/revetments/embankments
Sea wall

17. Sea wall
Seawalls/revetments/embankments

18. Sea wall
Seawalls/revetments/embankments

19. CRZ CLASSIFICATIONS
(i) CRZ - I : ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
(iii) CRZ - II : BUILT UP AREAS
(v) CRZ - III : RURAL AREAS
(iv) CRZ – IV : WATER AREAS

20. Differential Global Positioning System

21. DGPS accuracies

22. EQUIPMENT USED FOR CRZ SURVEY
•
Total Station
Lasertrak
Specification
Range Accuracy : ±20cm
Vertical Angle Accuracy : 0.25º
Horizontal Angle Accuracy : 0.01º

23. EQUIPMENT USED FOR CRZ SURVEY
•
Total Station
Quarryman Pro
Specification
Range Accuracy : ± 5 cm
Angular Accuracy : 0.01º

24. Vertical Control
Chart datum is the lowest level which can be
predicted to occur under average meteorological
conditions and under any combination of
astronomical conditions
Chart datum

25. EQUIPMENT USED FOR CRZ SURVEY
•
Echo Sounder
Bathy 500 MF
Specification
Depth Accuracy : 0.02% of depth
or 1cm whichever
is
greater

26. DEMARCATION OF LOW WATER LINE
Tide pole

27. Kaladra
Vengani
Koliyad
Shore line Erosion (Courtesy : anonymous)
S
a
l
t
P
a
n
Salt Pan
Cliff ~ 7 m Sea wall collapseRoad breaching

28. (Salinity Contour, with station locations)

36. Mangroves
Mangroves

37. Mangroves

38. Thank You