Ultra fast acting electronic circuit breaker

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit
Breaker
Abstract:
 The outline of the project is to shut down the power supply when it
is overloaded.
 Electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a
series element typically a low value resistor or a CT(current
Transformer).
 The unit is extremely fast and overcomes the drawback of the
thermal type.

Breaker
Introduction:
 The project is designed to shut down the power supply when it is
overloaded.
 Conventional circuit breaker like MCB based is on thermal bimetal
lever trip mechanism.
 This project senses the current passing through a series element and
the corresponding voltage drop is compared against the preset
voltage proportional to the current by a level comparator to generate
an output for the load to trip.

Breaker
 Electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series
element proportional to the load current, typically a low value
resistor.
 This voltage is sensed and rectified to DC which is and then
compared with a preset voltage by a level comparator to generate an
output that drives a relay through a MOSFET to trip the load.
 The unit is extremely fast and overcomes the drawback of the
thermal type. It uses a microcontroller from 8051 family.
(Continue…)

Breaker
Block Diagram:

Breaker
Circuit Explanation:
 DC power supply-voltage VAC mains resigned to lower voltage step-
down transformer and a bridge, that is, transforms into a pulsating
direct current with the use of the bridge rectifier configuration. Is
rectified DC voltage is filtered and is controlled by the regulator IC.
 Current sensing resistor is connected to the Unit in the output circuit
between the AC source and the Earth feels the current through the
output circuit, a burdens.
 Management Unit of the comparator compares the input from the
current sensing element with a reference voltage and, therefore,
controls the relay switch, which in turn controls the power to the load.

Breaker
Hard Ware Equipments:
 POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
 MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
 RELAY
 LCD
 MOSFET

Breaker
Power Supply:
230 V AC
50 Hz
Bridge rectifier
Filter(470µf)
5v Regulator
5V DC
12V step down
transformer

Micro Controller:
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
Memory
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHZ
 Three-level Program Memory Lock
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
AT89S52
Breaker

Breaker
Relay:
It is a electro magnetic switch
Used to control the electrical devices
Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):
 Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2
and 20x2 displays.
 This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters
per line by 2 lines, respectively.
 The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the
controller chip which receives data from an external source (and
communicates directly with the LCD.
Breaker

LCD:
Breaker

IR LED:
 An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special
purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the
range of 760 nm wavelength.
 Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or
aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR
receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
 The appearance is same as a common LED. Since
the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations,
it is not possible for a person to identify whether
the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED.
Breaker

MOSFET:
 The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor
(MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a device used for
amplifying or switching electronic signals.
 The basic principle of the device a voltage on the
oxide-insulated gate electrode can induce a
conducting channel between the two other contacts
called source and drain.
 It is by far the most common transistor in both digital
and analog circuits, though the bipolar junction
transistor was at one time much more common.
Breaker

Breaker
Working:
 230v A.C power supply is given to transformer and its step-down
voltage level to 12v A.C and then bridge rectifier converts 12v A.C
to D.C.
 Than the capacitor is connected which will filter dc supply and
gives pure dc without harmonic and distortion and then the
voltage regulating ic7805 is connected and regulated output will
send to LED so the LED will glow when supply is enable.
 Now this supply is given to microcontroller +12 to pin no 40 and
ground to pin no 20, the 8051 has on chip oscillator.

Breaker
 Pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 are provided for connecting a resonant
network to form an oscillator.
 Crystal frequency ranges from 1MHz to 24 MHz, one crystal of
11.0592MHz and two capacitor is connected in this two pins 19 and
18 and its your clock circuit.
 The 8051 has an active high reset pin, a reset input must go high for
two machine cycles when power is first applied and then goes low.
(Continue…)

Breaker
Software Requirements:
 Keil Compiler
 Language: Embedded C or Assembly.

Breaker
Conclusion:
 Using this device ultra fast acting electronic circuit breaking can be
achieved to save expensive equipment from possible damage.
 Using this unique concept a prototype can be developed as a
projects work for electrical engineering students

Ultra fast acting electronic circuit breaker

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