SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  10
Ehtisham wajid
Bs GIS First semester
The Early History of GIS
• started in the 1960s
• Early GIS work included important research by the
academic community.
• Later, the National Center for Geographic
Information and Analysis, led by Michael
Goodchild, formalized research on key geographic
information science topics such as spatial analysis
and visualization.
• These efforts fueled a quantitative revolution in
the world of geographic science and laid the
groundwork for GIS.
The First GIS
• Roger Tomlinson’s pioneering work to initiate, plan,
and develop the Canada Geographic Information
• System resulted in the first computerized GIS in the
world in 1963.
• The Canadian government had commissioned
Tomlinson to create a manageable inventory of its
natural resources.
• He envisioned using computers to merge natural
resource data from all provinces.
• Tomlinson created the design for automated
computing to store and process large amounts of
data, which enabled Canada to begin its national
land-use management program.
• He also gave GIS its name.
The Harvard Laboratory
• While at Northwestern University in 1964,
Howard Fisher created one of the first
computer mapping software programs known
as SYMAP.
• In 1965, he established the Harvard Laboratory
for Computer Graphics.
• While some of the first computer map-making
software was created and refined at the Lab, it
also became a research center for spatial
analysis and visualization.
• Many of the early concepts for GIS and its
applications were conceived at the Lab by a
talented collection of geographers, planners,
computer scientists, and others from many
fields.
ESRI is Founded
• In 1969, Jack Dangermond—a member of the
Harvard Lab—and his wife Laura founded
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
(Esri).
• The consulting firm applied computer
mapping and spatial analysis to help land use
planners and land resource managers make
informed decisions.
• The company’s early work demonstrated the
value of GIS for problem solving.
• Esri went on to develop many of the GIS
mapping and spatial analysis methods now in
use.
• These results generated a wider interest in the
company’s software tools and work-flows that
are now standard to GIS.
GIS Goes Commercial
• As computing became more powerful, Esri
improved its software tools.
• Working on projects that solved real-world
problems led the company to innovate
and develop robust GIS tools and
approaches that could be broadly used.
• Esri’s work gained recognition from the
academic community as a new way of
doing spatial analysis and planning.
• In need of analyzing an increasing number
of projects more effectively, Esri
developed ARC/INFO—the first
commercial GIS product.
• The technology was released in 1981 and
began the evolution of Esri into a software
company.
GIS Today
• GIS gives people the ability to create their
own digital map layers to help solve real-
world problems.
• GIS has also evolved into a means for data
sharing and collaboration, inspiring a vision
that is now rapidly becoming a reality—a
continuous, overlapping, and
interoperable GIS database of the world,
about virtually all subjects.
• Today, hundreds of thousands of
organizations are sharing their work and
creating billions of maps every day to tell
stories and reveal patterns, trends, and
relationships about everything.
The Future of GIS
• With its movement to web and cloud
computing, and integration with real-time
information via the Internet of Things, GIS has
become a platform relevant to almost every
human endeavor—a nervous system of the
planet.
• As our world faces problems from expanding
population, loss of nature, and pollution, GIS
will play an increasingly important role in how
we understand and address these issues and
provide a means for communicating solutions
using the common language of mapping.
“GIS is about uncovering
meaning and insights
from within data. It is
rapidly evolving and
providing a whole new
framework and process
for understanding”
We'redone
(literallyandfiguratively)!


Contenu connexe

Tendances

Application of Geo-informatics in Environmental Management
Application of Geo-informatics in Environmental ManagementApplication of Geo-informatics in Environmental Management
Application of Geo-informatics in Environmental Management
MahaMadhu2
 

Tendances (20)

Aerial photography.pptx
Aerial photography.pptxAerial photography.pptx
Aerial photography.pptx
 
Functions of GIS
Functions of GISFunctions of GIS
Functions of GIS
 
Introduction to GIS
Introduction to GISIntroduction to GIS
Introduction to GIS
 
GIS PPT
GIS PPTGIS PPT
GIS PPT
 
Indian remote sensing satellites
Indian  remote  sensing  satellitesIndian  remote  sensing  satellites
Indian remote sensing satellites
 
Thermal remote sensing
Thermal remote sensing   Thermal remote sensing
Thermal remote sensing
 
Application of Geo-informatics in Environmental Management
Application of Geo-informatics in Environmental ManagementApplication of Geo-informatics in Environmental Management
Application of Geo-informatics in Environmental Management
 
Introduction to gis
Introduction to gisIntroduction to gis
Introduction to gis
 
Remote Sensing - Fundamentals
Remote Sensing - FundamentalsRemote Sensing - Fundamentals
Remote Sensing - Fundamentals
 
Chapter 1 (Introduction to remote sensing)
Chapter 1 (Introduction to remote sensing)Chapter 1 (Introduction to remote sensing)
Chapter 1 (Introduction to remote sensing)
 
Applications of gis
Applications of gisApplications of gis
Applications of gis
 
Types of GIS Data
Types of GIS DataTypes of GIS Data
Types of GIS Data
 
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
 
Remote sensing
Remote sensingRemote sensing
Remote sensing
 
Introduction to aerial photography and photogrammetry.ppt
Introduction to aerial photography and photogrammetry.pptIntroduction to aerial photography and photogrammetry.ppt
Introduction to aerial photography and photogrammetry.ppt
 
Geographic information system (gis)
Geographic information system (gis)Geographic information system (gis)
Geographic information system (gis)
 
Coordinate systems
Coordinate systemsCoordinate systems
Coordinate systems
 
ERDAS IMAGINE
ERDAS IMAGINEERDAS IMAGINE
ERDAS IMAGINE
 
Image interpretation keys & image resolution
Image interpretation keys & image resolutionImage interpretation keys & image resolution
Image interpretation keys & image resolution
 
Coordinate systems, datum & map projections
Coordinate systems, datum & map projectionsCoordinate systems, datum & map projections
Coordinate systems, datum & map projections
 

Similaire à History of gis

Similaire à History of gis (20)

History of GIS.pdf
History of GIS.pdfHistory of GIS.pdf
History of GIS.pdf
 
History of GIS.pptx
History of GIS.pptxHistory of GIS.pptx
History of GIS.pptx
 
Introduction to Geographic Information System.pptx
Introduction to Geographic Information System.pptxIntroduction to Geographic Information System.pptx
Introduction to Geographic Information System.pptx
 
Geographic Information Systems (GIS).pptx
Geographic  Information Systems (GIS).pptxGeographic  Information Systems (GIS).pptx
Geographic Information Systems (GIS).pptx
 
(gis)
 (gis) (gis)
(gis)
 
GIS Lecture Note.ppt
GIS Lecture Note.pptGIS Lecture Note.ppt
GIS Lecture Note.ppt
 
Get to know Esri \ Esri NeA
Get to know Esri \ Esri NeAGet to know Esri \ Esri NeA
Get to know Esri \ Esri NeA
 
kuliah 01 GIS overview.pdf
kuliah 01 GIS overview.pdfkuliah 01 GIS overview.pdf
kuliah 01 GIS overview.pdf
 
Gis
GisGis
Gis
 
Geographical information system : GIS and Social Media
Geographical information system : GIS and Social Media Geographical information system : GIS and Social Media
Geographical information system : GIS and Social Media
 
Introducing Geodesign: The Concept
Introducing Geodesign: The ConceptIntroducing Geodesign: The Concept
Introducing Geodesign: The Concept
 
Part 1- Introduction to Fundamentals of GIS.pptx
Part 1- Introduction to Fundamentals of GIS.pptxPart 1- Introduction to Fundamentals of GIS.pptx
Part 1- Introduction to Fundamentals of GIS.pptx
 
Gis powerpoint
Gis powerpointGis powerpoint
Gis powerpoint
 
gis
gisgis
gis
 
URISA The Development of a Geospatial Society and Why GIS Matters
URISA The Development of a Geospatial Society and Why GIS MattersURISA The Development of a Geospatial Society and Why GIS Matters
URISA The Development of a Geospatial Society and Why GIS Matters
 
Geographical information system
Geographical information systemGeographical information system
Geographical information system
 
GeoWeb Concepts, Tools and Applications
GeoWeb Concepts, Tools and ApplicationsGeoWeb Concepts, Tools and Applications
GeoWeb Concepts, Tools and Applications
 
Gis dr rahul
Gis dr rahulGis dr rahul
Gis dr rahul
 
Mapping Map Kibera. What is behind the map?
Mapping Map Kibera. What is behind the map?Mapping Map Kibera. What is behind the map?
Mapping Map Kibera. What is behind the map?
 
Fundamentals of gis
Fundamentals of gisFundamentals of gis
Fundamentals of gis
 

Dernier

Call Girls In Bellandur ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
Call Girls In Bellandur ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night StandCall Girls In Bellandur ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
Call Girls In Bellandur ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
amitlee9823
 
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ Ongole Call-girls in Women Seeking Men 🔝Ongole🔝 Escorts S...
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ Ongole Call-girls in Women Seeking Men  🔝Ongole🔝   Escorts S...➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ Ongole Call-girls in Women Seeking Men  🔝Ongole🔝   Escorts S...
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ Ongole Call-girls in Women Seeking Men 🔝Ongole🔝 Escorts S...
amitlee9823
 
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ malwa Call-girls in Women Seeking Men 🔝malwa🔝 Escorts Ser...
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ malwa Call-girls in Women Seeking Men  🔝malwa🔝   Escorts Ser...➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ malwa Call-girls in Women Seeking Men  🔝malwa🔝   Escorts Ser...
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ malwa Call-girls in Women Seeking Men 🔝malwa🔝 Escorts Ser...
amitlee9823
 
Just Call Vip call girls Bellary Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
Just Call Vip call girls Bellary Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...Just Call Vip call girls Bellary Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
Just Call Vip call girls Bellary Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
gajnagarg
 
Call Girls Indiranagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service B...
Call Girls Indiranagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service B...Call Girls Indiranagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service B...
Call Girls Indiranagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service B...
amitlee9823
 
Call Girls Bannerghatta Road Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Ser...
Call Girls Bannerghatta Road Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Ser...Call Girls Bannerghatta Road Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Ser...
Call Girls Bannerghatta Road Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Ser...
amitlee9823
 
Call Girls Begur Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Begur Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service BangaloreCall Girls Begur Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Begur Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
amitlee9823
 
Just Call Vip call girls Erode Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl (E...
Just Call Vip call girls Erode Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl (E...Just Call Vip call girls Erode Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl (E...
Just Call Vip call girls Erode Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl (E...
gajnagarg
 
Abortion pills in Jeddah | +966572737505 | Get Cytotec
Abortion pills in Jeddah | +966572737505 | Get CytotecAbortion pills in Jeddah | +966572737505 | Get Cytotec
Abortion pills in Jeddah | +966572737505 | Get Cytotec
Abortion pills in Riyadh +966572737505 get cytotec
 
Just Call Vip call girls roorkee Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
Just Call Vip call girls roorkee Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...Just Call Vip call girls roorkee Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
Just Call Vip call girls roorkee Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
gajnagarg
 
Call Girls Hsr Layout Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ba...
Call Girls Hsr Layout Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ba...Call Girls Hsr Layout Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ba...
Call Girls Hsr Layout Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ba...
amitlee9823
 
Call Girls In Shalimar Bagh ( Delhi) 9953330565 Escorts Service
Call Girls In Shalimar Bagh ( Delhi) 9953330565 Escorts ServiceCall Girls In Shalimar Bagh ( Delhi) 9953330565 Escorts Service
Call Girls In Shalimar Bagh ( Delhi) 9953330565 Escorts Service
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
 
CHEAP Call Girls in Rabindra Nagar (-DELHI )🔝 9953056974🔝(=)/CALL GIRLS SERVICE
CHEAP Call Girls in Rabindra Nagar  (-DELHI )🔝 9953056974🔝(=)/CALL GIRLS SERVICECHEAP Call Girls in Rabindra Nagar  (-DELHI )🔝 9953056974🔝(=)/CALL GIRLS SERVICE
CHEAP Call Girls in Rabindra Nagar (-DELHI )🔝 9953056974🔝(=)/CALL GIRLS SERVICE
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
 
Call Girls In Shivaji Nagar ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
Call Girls In Shivaji Nagar ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night StandCall Girls In Shivaji Nagar ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
Call Girls In Shivaji Nagar ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
amitlee9823
 

Dernier (20)

Call Girls In Bellandur ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
Call Girls In Bellandur ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night StandCall Girls In Bellandur ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
Call Girls In Bellandur ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
 
Anomaly detection and data imputation within time series
Anomaly detection and data imputation within time seriesAnomaly detection and data imputation within time series
Anomaly detection and data imputation within time series
 
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ Ongole Call-girls in Women Seeking Men 🔝Ongole🔝 Escorts S...
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ Ongole Call-girls in Women Seeking Men  🔝Ongole🔝   Escorts S...➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ Ongole Call-girls in Women Seeking Men  🔝Ongole🔝   Escorts S...
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ Ongole Call-girls in Women Seeking Men 🔝Ongole🔝 Escorts S...
 
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ malwa Call-girls in Women Seeking Men 🔝malwa🔝 Escorts Ser...
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ malwa Call-girls in Women Seeking Men  🔝malwa🔝   Escorts Ser...➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ malwa Call-girls in Women Seeking Men  🔝malwa🔝   Escorts Ser...
➥🔝 7737669865 🔝▻ malwa Call-girls in Women Seeking Men 🔝malwa🔝 Escorts Ser...
 
Thane Call Girls 7091864438 Call Girls in Thane Escort service book now -
Thane Call Girls 7091864438 Call Girls in Thane Escort service book now -Thane Call Girls 7091864438 Call Girls in Thane Escort service book now -
Thane Call Girls 7091864438 Call Girls in Thane Escort service book now -
 
Just Call Vip call girls Bellary Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
Just Call Vip call girls Bellary Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...Just Call Vip call girls Bellary Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
Just Call Vip call girls Bellary Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
 
Call Girls Indiranagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service B...
Call Girls Indiranagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service B...Call Girls Indiranagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service B...
Call Girls Indiranagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service B...
 
Call Girls Bannerghatta Road Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Ser...
Call Girls Bannerghatta Road Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Ser...Call Girls Bannerghatta Road Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Ser...
Call Girls Bannerghatta Road Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Ser...
 
Discover Why Less is More in B2B Research
Discover Why Less is More in B2B ResearchDiscover Why Less is More in B2B Research
Discover Why Less is More in B2B Research
 
DATA SUMMIT 24 Building Real-Time Pipelines With FLaNK
DATA SUMMIT 24  Building Real-Time Pipelines With FLaNKDATA SUMMIT 24  Building Real-Time Pipelines With FLaNK
DATA SUMMIT 24 Building Real-Time Pipelines With FLaNK
 
Call Girls Begur Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Begur Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service BangaloreCall Girls Begur Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Begur Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
 
5CL-ADBA,5cladba, Chinese supplier, safety is guaranteed
5CL-ADBA,5cladba, Chinese supplier, safety is guaranteed5CL-ADBA,5cladba, Chinese supplier, safety is guaranteed
5CL-ADBA,5cladba, Chinese supplier, safety is guaranteed
 
SAC 25 Final National, Regional & Local Angel Group Investing Insights 2024 0...
SAC 25 Final National, Regional & Local Angel Group Investing Insights 2024 0...SAC 25 Final National, Regional & Local Angel Group Investing Insights 2024 0...
SAC 25 Final National, Regional & Local Angel Group Investing Insights 2024 0...
 
Just Call Vip call girls Erode Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl (E...
Just Call Vip call girls Erode Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl (E...Just Call Vip call girls Erode Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl (E...
Just Call Vip call girls Erode Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl (E...
 
Abortion pills in Jeddah | +966572737505 | Get Cytotec
Abortion pills in Jeddah | +966572737505 | Get CytotecAbortion pills in Jeddah | +966572737505 | Get Cytotec
Abortion pills in Jeddah | +966572737505 | Get Cytotec
 
Just Call Vip call girls roorkee Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
Just Call Vip call girls roorkee Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...Just Call Vip call girls roorkee Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
Just Call Vip call girls roorkee Escorts ☎️9352988975 Two shot with one girl ...
 
Call Girls Hsr Layout Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ba...
Call Girls Hsr Layout Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ba...Call Girls Hsr Layout Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ba...
Call Girls Hsr Layout Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ba...
 
Call Girls In Shalimar Bagh ( Delhi) 9953330565 Escorts Service
Call Girls In Shalimar Bagh ( Delhi) 9953330565 Escorts ServiceCall Girls In Shalimar Bagh ( Delhi) 9953330565 Escorts Service
Call Girls In Shalimar Bagh ( Delhi) 9953330565 Escorts Service
 
CHEAP Call Girls in Rabindra Nagar (-DELHI )🔝 9953056974🔝(=)/CALL GIRLS SERVICE
CHEAP Call Girls in Rabindra Nagar  (-DELHI )🔝 9953056974🔝(=)/CALL GIRLS SERVICECHEAP Call Girls in Rabindra Nagar  (-DELHI )🔝 9953056974🔝(=)/CALL GIRLS SERVICE
CHEAP Call Girls in Rabindra Nagar (-DELHI )🔝 9953056974🔝(=)/CALL GIRLS SERVICE
 
Call Girls In Shivaji Nagar ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
Call Girls In Shivaji Nagar ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night StandCall Girls In Shivaji Nagar ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
Call Girls In Shivaji Nagar ☎ 7737669865 🥵 Book Your One night Stand
 

History of gis

  • 1. Ehtisham wajid Bs GIS First semester
  • 2. The Early History of GIS • started in the 1960s • Early GIS work included important research by the academic community. • Later, the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, led by Michael Goodchild, formalized research on key geographic information science topics such as spatial analysis and visualization. • These efforts fueled a quantitative revolution in the world of geographic science and laid the groundwork for GIS.
  • 3. The First GIS • Roger Tomlinson’s pioneering work to initiate, plan, and develop the Canada Geographic Information • System resulted in the first computerized GIS in the world in 1963. • The Canadian government had commissioned Tomlinson to create a manageable inventory of its natural resources. • He envisioned using computers to merge natural resource data from all provinces. • Tomlinson created the design for automated computing to store and process large amounts of data, which enabled Canada to begin its national land-use management program. • He also gave GIS its name.
  • 4. The Harvard Laboratory • While at Northwestern University in 1964, Howard Fisher created one of the first computer mapping software programs known as SYMAP. • In 1965, he established the Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics. • While some of the first computer map-making software was created and refined at the Lab, it also became a research center for spatial analysis and visualization. • Many of the early concepts for GIS and its applications were conceived at the Lab by a talented collection of geographers, planners, computer scientists, and others from many fields.
  • 5. ESRI is Founded • In 1969, Jack Dangermond—a member of the Harvard Lab—and his wife Laura founded Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (Esri). • The consulting firm applied computer mapping and spatial analysis to help land use planners and land resource managers make informed decisions. • The company’s early work demonstrated the value of GIS for problem solving. • Esri went on to develop many of the GIS mapping and spatial analysis methods now in use. • These results generated a wider interest in the company’s software tools and work-flows that are now standard to GIS.
  • 6. GIS Goes Commercial • As computing became more powerful, Esri improved its software tools. • Working on projects that solved real-world problems led the company to innovate and develop robust GIS tools and approaches that could be broadly used. • Esri’s work gained recognition from the academic community as a new way of doing spatial analysis and planning. • In need of analyzing an increasing number of projects more effectively, Esri developed ARC/INFO—the first commercial GIS product. • The technology was released in 1981 and began the evolution of Esri into a software company.
  • 7. GIS Today • GIS gives people the ability to create their own digital map layers to help solve real- world problems. • GIS has also evolved into a means for data sharing and collaboration, inspiring a vision that is now rapidly becoming a reality—a continuous, overlapping, and interoperable GIS database of the world, about virtually all subjects. • Today, hundreds of thousands of organizations are sharing their work and creating billions of maps every day to tell stories and reveal patterns, trends, and relationships about everything.
  • 8. The Future of GIS • With its movement to web and cloud computing, and integration with real-time information via the Internet of Things, GIS has become a platform relevant to almost every human endeavor—a nervous system of the planet. • As our world faces problems from expanding population, loss of nature, and pollution, GIS will play an increasingly important role in how we understand and address these issues and provide a means for communicating solutions using the common language of mapping.
  • 9. “GIS is about uncovering meaning and insights from within data. It is rapidly evolving and providing a whole new framework and process for understanding”